Your smartphone is a civil rights issue | Christopher Soghoian

170,455 views ใƒป 2016-11-23

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Raaed Almutairi ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Sarah Al Khalid
00:12
In the spring of 2016,
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ููŠ ุฑุจูŠุน ุณู†ุฉ 2016ุŒ
00:15
a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
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ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุจู„ ูˆู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠ
00:19
captured the world's attention.
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ู„ูุชุช ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
00:21
Apple has built security features into its mobile products
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ุถู…ุช ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุจู„ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ
00:24
which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner.
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ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุงุนุฏุง ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
00:28
That means that criminals, hackers and yes, even governments
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ุงูƒุฑุฒ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
00:33
are all locked out.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆู„ูˆุฌ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
00:35
For Apple's customers, this is a great thing.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุฃุจู„ุŒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู….
00:38
But governments are not so happy.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฃู†.
00:41
You see, Apple has made a conscious decision
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ู‚ุงู…ุช ุฃุจู„ ุจุงุชุฎุงุฏ ู‚ุฑุงุฑู ูˆุงุนู
00:43
to get out of the surveillance business.
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ู„ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงุจูŠุฉ.
00:46
Apple has tried to make surveillance as difficult as possible
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ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุง ุนุณูŠุฑู‹ุง
00:49
for governments and any other actors.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
00:53
There are really two smartphone operating systems
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู†ุธุงู…ูŠู† ุชุดุบูŠู„ูŠูŠู† ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ
00:56
in the global smartphone market:
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ:
00:57
iOS and Android.
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ุขูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃุณ IOS ูˆุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ Android.
00:59
iOS is made by Apple. Android is made by Google.
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ุขูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃุณ ู…ุตู†ู‘ุน ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุจู„ ูˆุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุตู†ู‘ุน ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุบูˆุบู„.
01:03
Apple has spent a lot of time and money
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ุตุฑูุช ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุจู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุงู„
01:06
to make sure that its products are as secure as possible.
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ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุขู…ู†ุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†.
01:10
Apple encrypts all data stored on iPhones by default,
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ุชุดูุฑ ุฃุจู„ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู†ุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠููˆู†ุŒ
01:13
and text messages sent from one Apple customer to another Apple customer
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุฑุณู„ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃุจู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃุจู„ ุขุฎุฑ
01:17
are encrypted by default
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ู…ุดูุฑู‡ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง
01:19
without the user having to take any actions.
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ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูŠุฉ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:22
What this means is that,
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ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡
01:24
if the police seize an iPhone and it has a password,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ iPhone ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุฑุŒ
01:28
they'll have a difficult time getting any data off of it,
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒุŒ
01:32
if they can do it at all.
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ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:34
In contrast, the security of Android just really isn't as good.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ู„ู„ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ.
01:38
Android phones, or at least most of the Android phones
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ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ
01:41
that have been sold to consumers,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุจูŠุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฒุจุงุฆู†ุŒ
01:43
do not encrypt data stored on the device by default,
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ู„ุง ุชุดูุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู†ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุงุŒ
01:46
and the built-in text messaging app in Android does not use encryption.
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ูˆุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ุฌ ุจู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑ.
01:51
So if the police seize an Android phone,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏุŒ
01:54
chances are, they'll be able to get all the data they want
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ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงูุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ุง
01:57
off of that device.
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ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ.
01:59
Two smartphones
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ุฌู‡ุงุฒุงู† ุฐูƒูŠู‘ุงู†
02:01
from two of the biggest companies in the world;
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ู…ู† ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
02:04
one that protects data by default,
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ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูŠุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุงุŒ
02:06
and one that doesn't.
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ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุง ูŠูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:08
Apple is a seller of luxury goods.
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ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุจู„ ุจุงุฆุนุฉ ู„ู„ุณู„ุน ุงู„ูุงุฎุฑุฉ.
02:12
It dominates the high end of the market.
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ูˆุชุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฑุงู‚ูŠุฉ.
02:14
And we would expect a manufacturer of luxury goods to have products
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ู…ุตู†ู‘ุน ู„ู„ุณู„ุน ุงู„ูุงุฎุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู‡
02:19
that include more features.
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ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุงุช.
02:21
But not everyone can afford an iPhone.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู€ iPhone
02:23
That's where Android really, really dominates:
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ู‡ู†ุง ุญูŠุซ ูŠุณูŠุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง
02:26
at the middle and low end of the market,
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ู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ุŒ
02:29
smartphones for the billion and a half people
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ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ูˆู†ุตู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
02:32
who cannot or will not spend
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฅู†ูุงู‚
02:34
600 dollars on a phone.
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600 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงุชู.
02:41
But the dominance of Android has led to what I call
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡
02:47
the "digital security divide."
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"ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ"
02:49
That is, there is now increasingly a gap
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ูุฌูˆุฉ ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุฉ
02:52
between the privacy and security of the rich,
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ู† ู„ู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุกุŒ
02:56
who can afford devices that secure their data by default,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุจุงุณุชุทุงุนุชู‡ู… ุชุญู…ู‘ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชู‡ู… ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุงุŒ
03:00
and of the poor,
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ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก
03:01
whose devices do very little to protect them by default.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุนู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ.
03:07
So, think of the average Apple customer:
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ุฃุจู„:
03:12
a banker, a lawyer, a doctor, a politician.
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ุงู„ู…ุตุฑููŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ
03:17
These individuals now increasingly have smartphones in their pockets
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ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌูŠูˆุจู‡ู…
03:22
that encrypt their calls, their text messages,
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ุชุดูู‘ุฑ ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุงุชู‡ู… ูˆุฑุณุงุฆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฉุŒ
03:26
all the data on the device,
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ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒุŒ
03:27
without them doing really anything to secure their information.
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ุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชู‡ู…
03:32
In contrast, the poor and the most vulnerable in our societies
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุถุนูู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู†ุง
03:36
are using devices that leave them completely vulnerable to surveillance.
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุชุฑูƒู‡ู… ุนุฑุถุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ.
03:43
In the United States, where I live,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุนูŠุดุŒ
03:45
African-Americans are more likely to be seen as suspicious
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ุนุฑู‘ุถูŠู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ูŠู†ุธุฑ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุดุจูˆู‡ูŠู†
03:49
or more likely to be profiled,
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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุณุฌู„ุŒ
03:51
and are more likely to be targeted by the state with surveillance.
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ูˆู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงู ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ.
03:56
But African-Americans are also disproportionately likely
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ
03:58
to use Android devices that do nothing at all
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ุฃู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
04:01
to protect them from that surveillance.
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ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ.
04:04
This is a problem.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ.
04:07
We must remember that surveillance is a tool.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏุงุฉ.
04:10
It's a tool used by those in power
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ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุณู„ุทุฉ
04:13
against those who have no power.
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ุถุฏ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ.
04:17
And while I think it's absolutely great
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฃููƒุฑ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู…
04:21
that companies like Apple are making it easy for people to encrypt,
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ุฃู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุฃุจู„ ุชุฌุนู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑุŒ
04:26
if the only people who can protect themselves
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญู…ูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…
04:30
from the gaze of the government
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ู…ู† ุฑู‚ุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
04:31
are the rich and powerful,
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ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ูˆุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉุŒ
04:33
that's a problem.
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ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
04:35
And it's not just a privacy or a cybersecurity problem.
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ูˆุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ.
04:39
It's a civil rights problem.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ.
04:42
So the lack of default security in Android
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ
04:45
is not just a problem for the poor and vulnerable users
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุถุนูู‹ุง
04:51
who are depending on these devices.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ.
04:53
This is actually a problem for our democracy.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุชู†ุง
04:56
I'll explain what I mean.
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ุณุฃูˆุถุญ ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡.
04:58
Modern social movements rely on technology --
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ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
05:01
from Black Lives Matter to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street.
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ู…ู† "ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ" ุฅู„ู‰ "ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ" ุฅู„ู‰ "ุงุญุชู„ูˆุง ูˆูˆู„ ุณุชุฑูŠุช".
05:07
The organizers of these movements and the members of these movements
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ูŠู† ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ูˆุฃุนุถุงุก ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช
05:11
increasingly communicate and coordinate with smartphones.
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ูŠุชูˆุงุตู„ูˆู† ุจุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุณู‚ูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ.
05:16
And so, naturally governments that feel threatened by these movements
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‡ุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช
05:20
will also target the organizers and their smartphones.
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ุณุชุณุชู‡ุฏู ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ูŠู† ูˆุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ.
05:25
Now, it's quite possible
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ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฏุงู‹
05:27
that a future Martin Luther King or a Mandela or a Gandhi
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ุจุฃู† ู…ุงุฑุชู† ู„ูˆุซุฑ ูƒู†ุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงู†ุฏูŠู„ุง ุฃูˆ ุบุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠูŠู†
05:31
will have an iPhone and be protected from government surveillance.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠููˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
05:36
But chances are,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
05:37
they'll probably have a cheap, $20 Android phone in their pocket.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุงุชู ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฑุฎูŠุต ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ 20 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุฌูŠูˆุจู‡ู….
05:42
And so if we do nothing to address the digital security divide,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ู†ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุŒ
05:46
if we do nothing to ensure that everyone in our society
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ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ู†ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง
05:51
gets the same benefits of encryption
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ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑ
05:53
and is equally able to protect themselves from surveillance by the state,
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ูˆุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฑู‚ุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ
05:57
not only will the poor and vulnerable be exposed to surveillance,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุฆุงุช ุงู„ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉุŒ
06:02
but future civil rights movements may be crushed
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชู… ู‚ู…ุน ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ
06:05
before they ever reach their full potential.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ุงุชู‡ุง.
06:07
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
06:09
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
06:15
Helen Walters: Chris, thank you so much.
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ู‡ูŠู„ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุฒ: ูƒุฑูŠุณุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒ.
06:17
I have a question for you.
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูƒ.
06:19
We saw recently in the press
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ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู…
06:21
that Mark Zuckerberg from Facebook covers over his camera
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ุจุฃู† ู…ุงุฑูƒ ุฒุงูƒูŠุฑุจูŠุฑุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุณ ุจูˆูƒ ูŠุบุทูŠ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุชู‡
06:27
and does something with his headphone mic jack.
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ูˆูŠูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุจุณู…ุงุนุชู‡.
06:30
So I wanted to ask you a personal question, which is:
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ู„ุฐุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุงุณุฃู„ูƒ ุณุคุงู„ุงู‹ ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ:
06:32
Do you do that?
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ู‡ู„ ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:33
And, on behalf of everyone here, particularly myself,
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ูŠุงุจุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุงุŒ
06:36
Should we be doing that?
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ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:37
Should we be covering these things?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุบุทูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŸ
06:39
Christopher Soghoian: Putting a sticker -- actually, I like Band-Aids,
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- ูˆุถุน ู…ู„ุตู‚ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃู†ุง ุฃู…ูŠู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
06:43
because you can remove them and put them back on
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฒุงู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆูˆุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
06:46
whenever you want to make a call or a Skype call.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ุณูƒุงูŠุจูŠ.
06:48
Putting a sticker over your web cam
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ูˆุถุน ู…ู„ุตู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
06:50
is probably the best thing you can do for your privacy
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูุถู„ ุนู…ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุชูƒ
06:52
in terms of bang for buck.
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ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ูˆุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„.
06:54
There really is malware, malicious software out there
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุฎุจูŠุซุฉ
06:58
that can take over your web cam,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ูุชุญ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุชูƒุŒ
07:00
even without the light turning on.
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ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก.
07:02
This is used by criminals. This is used by stalkers.
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ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ูŠู†. ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญู‚ูŠู†
07:05
You can buy $19.99 "spy on your ex-girlfriend" software online.
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ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจู€ 19.99 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ "ุชุฌุณุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชูƒ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ" ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุช
07:10
It's really terrifying.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู…ุฎูŠู.
07:11
And then, of course, it's used by governments.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช
07:14
And there's obviously a sexual violence component to this,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ู ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
07:17
which is that this kind of surveillance can be used most effectively
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
07:20
against women and other people who can be shamed in our society.
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ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุถุญู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง.
07:28
Even if you think you have nothing to hide,
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุธู†ู†ุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุดูŠุก ู„ุชุฎููŠู‡
07:30
at the very least, if you have children, teenagers in your lives,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุŒ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูƒุŒ
07:35
make sure you put a sticker on their camera and protect them.
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ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุถุน ู…ู„ุตู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ูˆ ู‚ู… ุจุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ู….
07:38
HW: Wow. Thank you so much. CS: Thank you.
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- ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒ. - ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง
07:40
HW: Thanks, Chris.
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- ุดูƒุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูƒุฑูŠุณ.
07:41
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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