Your smartphone is a civil rights issue | Christopher Soghoian

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

In the spring of 2016,

U proljeće 2016,

pravna borba između Applea i FBI-a

a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation

captured the world's attention.

zapela je svijetu za oko.

Apple has built security features into its mobile products

Apple je ugradio sigurnosne postavke u svoje mobilne proizvode

which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner.

koje štite podatke na svojim uređajima od svakog osim vlasnika.

That means that criminals, hackers and yes, even governments

To znači da su kriminalci, hakeri i da, čak i vlade

are all locked out.

bez pristupa.

For Apple's customers, this is a great thing.

Za Appleove korisnike to je odlična stvar.

But governments are not so happy.

Ali vlade nisu baš sretne.

Vidite, Apple je napravio svjesnu odluku

You see, Apple has made a conscious decision

to get out of the surveillance business.

da bude izvan nadzora.

Apple je pokušao otežati nadzor što je više moguće

Apple has tried to make surveillance as difficult as possible

for governments and any other actors.

vladama i bilo kome drugome.

There are really two smartphone operating systems

Postoje dva operativna sustava

na svjetskom tržištu pametnih telefona:

in the global smartphone market:

iOS and Android.

iOS i Android.

iOS is made by Apple. Android is made by Google.

iOS je stvorio Apple. Android je stvorio Google.

Apple has spent a lot of time and money

Apple je potrošio mnogo vremena i novca

to make sure that its products are as secure as possible.

kako bi se osigurao da njihovi proizvodi budu što sigurniji.

Apple encrypts all data stored on iPhones by default,

Apple automatski enkriptira sve podatke uskladištene na iPhoneu,

and text messages sent from one Apple customer to another Apple customer

a tekstualne poruke poslane od jednog do drugog Apple korisnika

are encrypted by default

enkriptirane su automatski,

without the user having to take any actions.

bez da korisnik mora bilo što poduzeti.

What this means is that,

To znači da,

if the police seize an iPhone and it has a password,

ako policija zaplijeni iPhone koji ima šifru,

they'll have a difficult time getting any data off of it,

teško će doći do ikakvih podataka s njega,

if they can do it at all.

ako to uopće i mogu učiniti.

In contrast, the security of Android just really isn't as good.

Nasuprot tome, sigurnost Androida jednostavno nije tako dobra.

Android phones, or at least most of the Android phones

Android telefoni, ili bar većina njih,

that have been sold to consumers,

koji su prodani korisnicima,

do not encrypt data stored on the device by default,

ne enkriptiraju automatski podatke pohranjene na uređaju,

a aplikacija za slanje poruka na Androidu ne koristi enkripciju.

and the built-in text messaging app in Android does not use encryption.

So if the police seize an Android phone,

Tako da ako policija zaplijeni Android telefon,

chances are, they'll be able to get all the data they want

velike su šanse da će moći dobiti sve željene podatke

off of that device.

s tog uređaja.

Two smartphones

Dva pametna telefona

from two of the biggest companies in the world;

od dvije najveće kompanije svijeta;

one that protects data by default,

jedna koja automatski štiti podatke

and one that doesn't.

i druga koja to ne čini.

Apple is a seller of luxury goods.

Apple prodaje luksuzne proizvode.

On dominira na tržištu visoke kupovne moći.

It dominates the high end of the market.

And we would expect a manufacturer of luxury goods to have products

A od proizvođača luksuznih dobara bismo očekivali da njegovi proizvodi

uključuju više odlika.

that include more features.

But not everyone can afford an iPhone.

Ali ne mogu svi sebi priuštiti iPhone.

That's where Android really, really dominates:

Tu Android zaista dominira,

at the middle and low end of the market,

na srednjem i nižem dijelu tržišta,

smartphones for the billion and a half people

pametni telefoni za milijardu i pol ljudi

koji ne mogu ili ne žele potrošiti

who cannot or will not spend

600 dollars on a phone.

600 dolara na telefon.

But the dominance of Android has led to what I call

Ali, dominacija Androida je dovela do nečega što ja zovem

"podjela digitalne sigurnosti."

the "digital security divide."

That is, there is now increasingly a gap

To jest, sada je sve veći jaz

between the privacy and security of the rich,

između privatnosti i sigurnosti bogatih,

who can afford devices that secure their data by default,

koji si mogu priuštiti uređaje koji štite njihove podatke,

i siromašnih,

and of the poor,

whose devices do very little to protect them by default.

čiji uređaji rade vrlo malo na automatskoj zaštiti.

So, think of the average Apple customer:

Zamislite prosječnog korisnika Appleovih proizvoda:

bankara, odvjetnika, liječnika, političara.

a banker, a lawyer, a doctor, a politician.

These individuals now increasingly have smartphones in their pockets

Te osobe sada sve više imaju u svojim džepovima telefone,

that encrypt their calls, their text messages,

koji enkriptiraju njihove pozive, njihove tekstualne poruke,

sve te podatke na uređaju,

all the data on the device,

without them doing really anything to secure their information.

bez da oni učine išta za zaštitu svojih informacija.

In contrast, the poor and the most vulnerable in our societies

Nasuprot tome, siromašni i najranjiviji u našim društvima

are using devices that leave them completely vulnerable to surveillance.

koriste uređaje zbog kojih su potpuno osjetljivi na nadzor.

U Sjedinjenim Državama, gdje živim,

In the United States, where I live,

Afro-Amerikance će češće gledati kao sumnjive,

African-Americans are more likely to be seen as suspicious

ili će ih češće provjeravati,

or more likely to be profiled,

and are more likely to be targeted by the state with surveillance.

i vjerojatnije je da će biti meta nadzora države.

Ali mnogo je vjerojatnije da će Afro-Amerikanci

But African-Americans are also disproportionately likely

to use Android devices that do nothing at all

koristiti Android uređaje koji ne poduzimaju baš ništa

to protect them from that surveillance.

kako bi ih zaštitili od nadzora.

This is a problem.

To je problem.

We must remember that surveillance is a tool.

Moramo se sjetiti da je nadzor alat.

It's a tool used by those in power

To je alat kojeg koriste moćni

against those who have no power.

protiv onih koji nemaju moć.

I dok mislim da je odlično

And while I think it's absolutely great

that companies like Apple are making it easy for people to encrypt,

što kompanije poput Applea olakšavaju ljudima enkripciju,

if the only people who can protect themselves

ako su jedini ljudi koji se mogu zaštititi

from the gaze of the government

od pogleda vlade

are the rich and powerful,

bogati i moćni,

that's a problem.

to je problem.

And it's not just a privacy or a cybersecurity problem.

A to nije samo problem privatnosti ili cyber sigurnosti.

It's a civil rights problem.

To je problem građanskih prava.

So the lack of default security in Android

Tako da nedostatak automatske zaštite na Androidu

is not just a problem for the poor and vulnerable users

nije samo problem za siromašne i nezaštićene korisnike

koji ovise o ovim uređajima.

who are depending on these devices.

This is actually a problem for our democracy.

To je, zapravo, problem za našu demokraciju.

I'll explain what I mean.

Objasnit ću što time mislim.

Modern social movements rely on technology --

Moderni društveni pokreti se oslanjaju na tehnologiju

from Black Lives Matter to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street.

od Black Lives Matter do Arapskog proljeća te Occupy Wall Street.

The organizers of these movements and the members of these movements

Organizatori i članovi ovih pokreta

increasingly communicate and coordinate with smartphones.

sve više komuniciraju i koordiniraju se uz pomoć pametnih telefona.

And so, naturally governments that feel threatened by these movements

I tako, vlade koje se osjećaju ugroženo od strane tih pokreta

will also target the organizers and their smartphones.

također će ciljati organizatore i njihove pametne telefone.

Now, it's quite possible

Vrlo je moguće

that a future Martin Luther King or a Mandela or a Gandhi

da će budući Martin Luther King, Mandela ili Gandhi

will have an iPhone and be protected from government surveillance.

imati iPhone i biti zaštićeni od nadzora vlade.

But chances are,

Ali vjerojatnije je

they'll probably have a cheap, $20 Android phone in their pocket.

da će u svojim džepovima imati jeftini Android telefon od 20 dolara.

And so if we do nothing to address the digital security divide,

I tako da, ako ne poduzmemo ništa da riješimo podjelu digitalne sigurnosti,

if we do nothing to ensure that everyone in our society

ako ne poduzmemo ništa da osiguramo da svatko u našem društvu

dobije jednaku korist od enkripcije

gets the same benefits of encryption

and is equally able to protect themselves from surveillance by the state,

i bude jednako u mogućnosti zaštititi se od prismotre države,

ne samo da će siromašni i ranjivi biti izloženi nadzoru,

not only will the poor and vulnerable be exposed to surveillance,

but future civil rights movements may be crushed

već bi budući pokreti za građanska prava mogli biti uništeni,

before they ever reach their full potential.

prije nego što uopće dostignu svoj puni potencijal.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Helen Walters: Chris, thank you so much.

Helen Walters: Chris, hvala ti puno.

I have a question for you.

Imam pitanje za tebe.

We saw recently in the press

Nedavno smo vidjeli u tisku

that Mark Zuckerberg from Facebook covers over his camera

da Mark Zuckerberg iz Facebooka prekriva svoju kameru

and does something with his headphone mic jack.

i radi nešto sa svojom utičnicom za slušalice.

So I wanted to ask you a personal question, which is:

Zato sam te željela pitati osobno pitanje, a to je:

Do you do that?

Radiš li i ti to?

And, on behalf of everyone here, particularly myself,

I u ime svih prisutnih, pogotovo mene,

Should we be doing that?

trebamo li i mi to raditi?

Should we be covering these things?

Trebamo li prekrivati te dijelove?

Christopher Soghoian: Putting a sticker -- actually, I like Band-Aids,

Christopher Soghoian: Staviti naljepnicu, zapravo, ja volim flastere,

because you can remove them and put them back on

jer ih možete ukloniti i vratiti natrag

kad god želite zvati redovno ili preko Skypea.

whenever you want to make a call or a Skype call.

Putting a sticker over your web cam

Stavljanje naljepnice preko web kamere

vjerojatno je najbolje što možete učiniti za svoju privatnost

is probably the best thing you can do for your privacy

in terms of bang for buck.

u smislu dobivenog za uloženi novac.

There really is malware, malicious software out there

Zaista postoji malware, zloćudni softver

that can take over your web cam,

koji može preuzeti vašu web kameru

even without the light turning on.

a da ona nije ni upaljena.

To koriste kriminalci, stalkeri (uhode).

This is used by criminals. This is used by stalkers.

You can buy $19.99 "spy on your ex-girlfriend" software online.

Možete kupiti softver za špijuniranje svoje djevojke za 20 dolara.

It's really terrifying.

To je vrlo zastrašujuće.

And then, of course, it's used by governments.

I onda, naravno, to koriste vlade.

Očigledno postoji komponenta seksualnog nasilja u ovome,

And there's obviously a sexual violence component to this,

which is that this kind of surveillance can be used most effectively

a to je da se ova vrsta nadzora najučinkovitije može koristiti

against women and other people who can be shamed in our society.

protiv žena i drugih ljudi koje se može osramotiti u našem društvu.

Even if you think you have nothing to hide,

Čak i ako mislite da nemate što kriti,

at the very least, if you have children, teenagers in your lives,

barem, ako imate djecu, tinejdžere,

pobrinite se da stavite naljepnicu na njihovu kameru i zaštitite ih.

make sure you put a sticker on their camera and protect them.

HW: Hvala ti puno. CS: Hvala.

HW: Wow. Thank you so much. CS: Thank you.

HW: Hvala, Chris.

HW: Thanks, Chris.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)