Your smartphone is a civil rights issue | Christopher Soghoian

170,112 views ใƒป 2016-11-23

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
In the spring of 2016,
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ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ 2016,
00:15
a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
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ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคืœ ื•ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช
00:19
captured the world's attention.
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ืœื›ื“ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:21
Apple has built security features into its mobile products
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ืืคืœ ื‘ื ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
00:24
which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืคืจื˜ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื.
00:28
That means that criminals, hackers and yes, even governments
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืคื•ืฉืขื™ื, ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
00:33
are all locked out.
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ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
00:35
For Apple's customers, this is a great thing.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคืœ, ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื.
00:38
But governments are not so happy.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ื•ืช.
00:41
You see, Apple has made a conscious decision
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืืคืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช
00:43
to get out of the surveillance business.
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ืœืฆืืช ืžืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘.
00:46
Apple has tried to make surveillance as difficult as possible
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ืืคืœ ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ
00:49
for governments and any other actors.
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ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืื—ืจ.
00:53
There are really two smartphone operating systems
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืœืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
00:56
in the global smartphone market:
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ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™:
00:57
iOS and Android.
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iOS ื•ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“.
00:59
iOS is made by Apple. Android is made by Google.
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iOS ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ ืืคืœ. ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื’ืœ.
01:03
Apple has spent a lot of time and money
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ืืคืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ
01:06
to make sure that its products are as secure as possible.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
01:10
Apple encrypts all data stored on iPhones by default,
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ืืคืœ ืžืฆืคื™ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ,
01:13
and text messages sent from one Apple customer to another Apple customer
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืœืงื•ื— ืืคืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™
01:17
are encrypted by default
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ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ
01:19
without the user having to take any actions.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
01:22
What this means is that,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”,
01:24
if the police seize an iPhone and it has a password,
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ืฉืื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžื—ืจื™ืžื” ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกืกืžื”,
01:28
they'll have a difficult time getting any data off of it,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
01:32
if they can do it at all.
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ืื ื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
01:34
In contrast, the security of Android just really isn't as good.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื–ื”, ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
01:38
Android phones, or at least most of the Android phones
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ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“
01:41
that have been sold to consumers,
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ืฉื ืžื›ืจื• ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื,
01:43
do not encrypt data stored on the device by default,
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ืœื ืžืฆืคื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ,
01:46
and the built-in text messaging app in Android does not use encryption.
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ื•ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ื”.
01:51
So if the police seize an Android phone,
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ืื– ืื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžื—ืจื™ืžื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“,
01:54
chances are, they'll be able to get all the data they want
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
01:57
off of that device.
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ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:59
Two smartphones
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ืฉื ื™ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
02:01
from two of the biggest companies in the world;
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ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื;
02:04
one that protects data by default,
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ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ,
02:06
and one that doesn't.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื.
02:08
Apple is a seller of luxury goods.
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ืืคืœ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื”.
02:12
It dominates the high end of the market.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื.
02:14
And we would expect a manufacturer of luxury goods to have products
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ื•ื ืฆืคื” ืฉืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
02:19
that include more features.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:21
But not everyone can afford an iPhone.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ.
02:23
That's where Android really, really dominates:
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ืฉื ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ืœื˜:
02:26
at the middle and low end of the market,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง,
02:29
smartphones for the billion and a half people
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ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:32
who cannot or will not spend
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื•
02:34
600 dollars on a phone.
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600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
02:41
But the dominance of Android has led to what I call
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื
02:47
the "digital security divide."
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"ืงื• ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™."
02:49
That is, there is now increasingly a gap
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ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš
02:52
between the privacy and security of the rich,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
02:56
who can afford devices that secure their data by default,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ,
03:00
and of the poor,
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
03:01
whose devices do very little to protect them by default.
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ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.
03:07
So, think of the average Apple customer:
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ืื–, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืœืงื•ื— ืืคืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข:
03:12
a banker, a lawyer, a doctor, a politician.
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ื‘ื ืงืื™, ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ืจื•ืคื, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™.
03:17
These individuals now increasingly have smartphones in their pockets
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
03:22
that encrypt their calls, their text messages,
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ืฉืžืฆืคื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
03:26
all the data on the device,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
03:27
without them doing really anything to secure their information.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื.
03:32
In contrast, the poor and the most vulnerable in our societies
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
03:36
are using devices that leave them completely vulnerable to surveillance.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืงื‘.
03:43
In the United States, where I live,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื’ืจ,
03:45
African-Americans are more likely to be seen as suspicious
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ื
03:49
or more likely to be profiled,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉืจื˜ื˜ื• ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
03:51
and are more likely to be targeted by the state with surveillance.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื.
03:56
But African-Americans are also disproportionately likely
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:58
to use Android devices that do nothing at all
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ
04:01
to protect them from that surveillance.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
04:04
This is a problem.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:07
We must remember that surveillance is a tool.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™.
04:10
It's a tool used by those in power
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ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—
04:13
against those who have no power.
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ื ื’ื“ ืืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื—.
04:17
And while I think it's absolutely great
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขื•ืœื”
04:21
that companies like Apple are making it easy for people to encrypt,
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืคืœ ืฉืžืงืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆืคื™ืŸ,
04:26
if the only people who can protect themselves
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ืื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื
04:30
from the gaze of the government
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ืžืžื‘ื˜ื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ
04:31
are the rich and powerful,
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ื”ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
04:33
that's a problem.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:35
And it's not just a privacy or a cybersecurity problem.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ.
04:39
It's a civil rights problem.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—.
04:42
So the lack of default security in Android
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ืื– ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“
04:45
is not just a problem for the poor and vulnerable users
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ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
04:51
who are depending on these devices.
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ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:53
This is actually a problem for our democracy.
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ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:56
I'll explain what I mean.
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ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
04:58
Modern social movements rely on technology --
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ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” --
05:01
from Black Lives Matter to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜.
05:07
The organizers of these movements and the members of these movements
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ื”ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช
05:11
increasingly communicate and coordinate with smartphones.
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ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
05:16
And so, naturally governments that feel threatened by these movements
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
05:20
will also target the organizers and their smartphones.
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ื™ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืžืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
05:25
Now, it's quite possible
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
05:27
that a future Martin Luther King or a Mandela or a Gandhi
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ืฉืœืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืื• ืžื ื“ืœื” ืื• ื’ื ื“ื™
05:31
will have an iPhone and be protected from government surveillance.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืžืขืงื‘ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
05:36
But chances are,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื,
05:37
they'll probably have a cheap, $20 Android phone in their pocket.
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื–ื•ืœ, ืฉืœ20$.
05:42
And so if we do nothing to address the digital security divide,
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืขืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
05:46
if we do nothing to ensure that everyone in our society
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•
05:51
gets the same benefits of encryption
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื ื”
05:53
and is equally able to protect themselves from surveillance by the state,
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
05:57
not only will the poor and vulnerable be exposed to surveillance,
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ืœื ืจืง ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืขืงื‘,
06:02
but future civil rights movements may be crushed
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ืืœื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื—ืฅ
06:05
before they ever reach their full potential.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
06:07
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
06:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:15
Helen Walters: Chris, thank you so much.
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ื”ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจืก: ื›ืจื™ืก, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš.
06:17
I have a question for you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš.
06:19
We saw recently in the press
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช
06:21
that Mark Zuckerberg from Facebook covers over his camera
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ืฉืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืžืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœื•
06:27
and does something with his headphone mic jack.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:30
So I wanted to ask you a personal question, which is:
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ืื– ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืš ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื:
06:32
Do you do that?
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
06:33
And, on behalf of everyone here, particularly myself,
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ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื•ืœื ืคื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื™,
06:36
Should we be doing that?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
06:37
Should we be covering these things?
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
06:39
Christopher Soghoian: Putting a sticker -- actually, I like Band-Aids,
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ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื”ื•ื™ืืŸ: ืœืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื” -- ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืคืœืกื˜ืจื™ื,
06:43
because you can remove them and put them back on
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื
06:46
whenever you want to make a call or a Skype call.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืกืงื™ื™ืค.
06:48
Putting a sticker over your web cam
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ืœืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืขืœ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื›ื
06:50
is probably the best thing you can do for your privacy
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ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
06:52
in terms of bang for buck.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
06:54
There really is malware, malicious software out there
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื’ืœื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
06:58
that can take over your web cam,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื›ื,
07:00
even without the light turning on.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื ื“ืœืง.
07:02
This is used by criminals. This is used by stalkers.
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ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื. ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื ื™ื.
07:05
You can buy $19.99 "spy on your ex-girlfriend" software online.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ 19.99$ ืชื•ื›ื ืช "ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ" ื‘ืจืฉืช.
07:10
It's really terrifying.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
07:11
And then, of course, it's used by governments.
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
07:14
And there's obviously a sexual violence component to this,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืœื–ื”,
07:17
which is that this kind of surveillance can be used most effectively
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ืฉื–ื” ืฉืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
07:20
against women and other people who can be shamed in our society.
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ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:28
Even if you think you have nothing to hide,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ,
07:30
at the very least, if you have children, teenagers in your lives,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื,
07:35
make sure you put a sticker on their camera and protect them.
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ื“ืื’ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
07:38
HW: Wow. Thank you so much. CS: Thank you.
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ื”.ื•: ื•ื•ืื•, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš. ื›.ืก: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
07:40
HW: Thanks, Chris.
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ื”.ื•: ืชื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื™ืก.
07:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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