Hans Rosling: The good news of the decade?

170,076 views ใƒป 2010-10-07

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mahmoud Aghiorly ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:15
We are here today
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ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
00:17
because [the] United Nations
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ุจุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
00:19
have defined goals
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ู‚ุฏ ุญุฏุฏุช ุงู‡ุฏุงูุงู‹
00:21
for the progress of countries.
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ู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฏูˆู„
00:23
They're called Millennium Development Goals.
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ุชุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ
00:26
And the reason I really like these goals
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ูˆุณุจุจ ุงู†ู†ูŠ ุงุญุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู
00:29
is that there are eight of them.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ุฏุงู
00:32
And by specifying eight different goals,
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ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุญุฏุฏ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงู‹ ู…ุนูŠู†ุงู‹
00:34
the United Nations has said
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
00:36
that there are so many things needed
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ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุง
00:38
to change in a country
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ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุง
00:40
in order to get the good life for people.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชุญุณู† ูˆุถุน ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ู‚ุงุทู†ูŠู‡ุง
00:42
Look here -- you have to end poverty,
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ูุนู„ูŠู‡ุง .. ุงู† ุชู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ
00:44
education, gender,
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ูˆุงู† ุชู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… .. ูˆุชู„ุบูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก
00:46
child and maternal health,
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ูˆุงู† ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ุตุญุฉ .. ูˆุงู† ุชุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
00:48
control infections, protect the environment
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ูˆุงู† ุชุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ .. ูˆุงู† ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
00:51
and get the good global links between nations
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ูˆุงู† ุชุญุฑุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู‡ุง
00:53
in every aspect
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู…
00:55
from aid to trade.
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช .. ุงูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุจุถุงุฆุน
00:58
There's a second reason I like these development goals,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุงุญุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ
01:01
and that is because each and every one is measured.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡
01:04
Take child mortality;
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ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
01:07
the aim here is to reduce child mortality
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ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
01:09
by two-thirds,
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซู„ุซูŠู†
01:11
from 1990 to 2015.
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ู…ู† ุนุงู… 1990 ุงู„ู‰ ุนุงู… 2015
01:14
That's a four percent reduction per year --
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ุงูŠ ุฎูุถ 4% ูƒู„ ุนุงู…
01:18
and this, with measuring.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ
01:20
That's what makes the difference
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูุฑู‚
01:22
between political talking like this
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ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
01:24
and really going for the important thing,
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
01:26
a better life for people.
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ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุงูุฑุงุฏ
01:29
And what I'm so happy about with this
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ูˆุงู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุญูŠุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ
01:31
is that we have already documented
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ุงู‚ุตุฏ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชูˆุซูŠู‚ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
01:33
that there are many countries
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุฏูˆู„
01:35
in Asia, in the Middle East,
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ููŠ ุงุณูŠุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุงูˆุณุท
01:37
in Latin America and East Europe
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ูˆููŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠุฉ
01:40
that [are] reducing with this rate.
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ู‚ุฏ ุฎูุถุช ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
01:42
And even mighty Brazil is going down with five percent per year,
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ูุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ ุฎูุถุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 5% ูƒู„ ุนุงู…
01:45
and Turkey with seven percent per year.
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ูˆุชุฑูƒูŠุง 7% ูƒู„ ุนุงู…
01:47
So there's good news.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุจุงุฑ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
01:49
But then I hear people saying, "There is no progress in Africa.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ .. ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
01:52
And there's not even statistics on Africa
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุญุชู‰ ุงุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ุง
01:54
to know what is happening."
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุนู„ู… ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
01:56
I'll prove them wrong on both points.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณูˆู ุงุจุฑู‡ู† ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุทุฆูˆู† ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠู†
01:59
Come with me to the wonderful world of statistics.
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ู„ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„
02:02
I bring you to the webpage, ChildMortality.org,
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ุดูˆู ุงุนุฑุถ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน " ChildMortality.org "
02:05
where you can take deaths in children
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุณุชุนุฑุถ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง
02:07
below five years of age for all countries --
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ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
02:10
it's done by U.N. specialists.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตูุญุฉ ุตู…ู…ุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
02:12
And I will take Kenya as an example.
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ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
02:14
Here you see the data.
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ุณู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง
02:16
Don't panic -- don't panic now, I'll help you through this.
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ู„ุงุชูุฒุนูˆุง ุงู„ุงู† .. ู„ุง ุชูุฒุนูˆุง .. ุณูˆู ุงุณุงุนุฏูƒู… ููŠ ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
02:19
It looks nasty, like in college
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุจุนุซุฑุฉ .. ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุฉ
02:21
when you didn't like statistics.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุญุจ ุงู„ุงุญุตุงุก ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง
02:23
But first thing, when you see dots like this,
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ุญุณู†ุง.. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู†ู‚ุงุท ูƒู‡ุฐู‡
02:25
you have to ask yourself:
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู† ุชุณุฃู„ ู†ูุณูƒ
02:27
from where do the data come?
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ู…ู† ุงูŠู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุŸ
02:29
What is the origin of the data?
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ุงูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง .. ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุงุณู‡ุง
02:31
Is it so that in Kenya,
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ู‡ู„ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
02:33
there are doctors and other specialists
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ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุงุทุจุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตูˆู†
02:35
who write the death certificate at the death of the child
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆู† ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุช ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
02:37
and it's sent to the statistical office?
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ุจุฑูุน ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุงุญุตุงุก
02:39
No -- low-income countries like Kenya
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ู„ุง .. ูููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุซู„ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
02:42
still don't have that level of organization.
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ู„ุง ุชู…ู„ูƒ ู†ุธู… ู…ุซู„ ุชู„ูƒ ..
02:45
It exists, but it's not complete
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… .. ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูƒุชู…ู„ ุจุนุฏ
02:47
because so many deaths occur in the home
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ู„ุงู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„
02:50
with the family,
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ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช
02:52
and it's not registered.
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ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ู…ุณุฌู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ
02:54
What we rely on is not an incomplete system.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุธู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุชู…ู„ุฉ
02:56
We have interviews, we have surveys.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช .. ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุกุงุช
02:59
And this is highly professional
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ
03:01
female interviewers
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ุญูŠุซ ุชู‚ูˆู… ู†ุณูˆุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช
03:03
who sit down for one hour with a woman
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ูˆุชุฌู„ุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุณูˆุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
03:05
and ask her about [her] birth history.
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ุชุณุฆู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูˆู„ุงุฏุงุชู‡ุง
03:07
How many children did you have?
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ูˆุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงู†ุฌุจุช
03:09
Are they alive?
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ูˆุนู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงูˆ ู„ุง
03:11
If they died, at what age and what year?
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ูˆุงู† ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุญุชูู‡ .. ูู…ุชู‰ ุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
03:14
And then this is done in a representative sample
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ูˆูŠุชู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุชู…ุซู„ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
03:16
of thousands of women in the country
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ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณูˆุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
03:19
and put together in what used to be called
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูŠุชู… ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
03:21
a demographic health survey report.
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุก ุฏูŠู…ูˆุบุฑุงููŠ ุตุญูŠ
03:24
But these surveys are costly,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุกุงุช ู…ูƒู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
03:26
so they can only be done [in] three- to five-year intervals.
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ูˆุชุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู† 3-5 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู„ุงุชู…ุงู…ู‡ุง
03:29
But they have good quality.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ
03:31
So this is a limitation.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ
03:33
And all these colored lines here are results;
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ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
03:36
each color is one survey.
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ูŠุนุจุฑ ูƒู„ ู„ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู† ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุก
03:38
But that's too complicated for today, so I'll simplify it for you,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ูƒุงู ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… .. ุณูˆู ุงุจุณุท ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู„ูƒู…
03:41
and I give you one average point for each survey.
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ุณูˆู ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุณุทูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุก
03:44
This was 1977, 1988,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุนุงู… 1977 .. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุนุงู… 1988
03:47
1992, '97
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ 1992 .. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ 1997
03:49
and 2002.
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ูˆ 2002
03:52
And when the experts in the U.N.
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก
03:54
have got these surveys in place in their database,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ .. ูˆูŠุชู… ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
03:57
then they use advanced mathematical formulas
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ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ
04:00
to produce a trend line, and the trend line looks like this.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠูุฑุณู… ุฎุท ู…ู†ุญู‰ ุนุงู… ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท .. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท
04:03
See here -- it's the best fit they can get of this point.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงูุถู„ ุฎุท ูŠู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
04:06
But watch out --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง
04:08
they continue the line
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
04:10
beyond the last point
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ุจุนุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
04:12
out into nothing.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
04:14
And they estimated that in 2008,
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ูˆูŠุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ููŠ ุนุงู… 2008
04:17
Kenya had per child mortality of 128.
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ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ 128
04:20
And I was sad,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ู…ุญุฒู† ู„ูŠ
04:22
because we could see
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ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰
04:24
this reversal in Kenya
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ุงู„ุขูŠุฉ
04:26
with an increased child mortality in the 90s.
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ูˆุงุตุจุญ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ูŠุฑุชูุน ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ
04:29
It was so tragic.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู…ุฑุงู‹ ู…ูุฒุนุงู‹
04:31
But in June, I got a mail in my inbox
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ .. ูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠ
04:34
from Demographic Health Surveys,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุก ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆุบุฑุงููŠ ุงู„ุตุญูŠ
04:36
and it showed good news from Kenya.
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ุงู†ุจุงุก ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
04:38
I was so happy.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุณุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹
04:40
This was the estimate of the new survey.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุชุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู„ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุก
04:43
Then it just took another three months
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ูˆุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู„ุงุฏุฎุงู„ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช
04:45
for [the] U.N. to get it into their server,
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ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
04:47
and on Friday we got the new trend line --
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ูˆููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุญู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
04:50
it was down here.
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ุงุตุจุญ ูŠู‡ุจุท ู‡ูƒุฐุง ..
04:52
Isn't it nice -- isn't it nice, yeah?
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ุงู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุฆุนุงู‹ .. ุฑุงุฆุนูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
04:54
I was actually, on Friday, sitting in front of my computer,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุงุฌู„ุณ ุงู…ุงู… ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุฎุงุตูŠ
04:57
and I saw the death rate fall
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ูˆุฑุฃูŠุช ูƒูŠู ุงู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
04:59
from 128 to 84 just that morning.
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ู…ู† 128 ุงู„ู‰ 84 ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ
05:02
So we celebrated.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุญุชูู„ู†ุง ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง
05:04
But now, when you have this trend line,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู‰
05:06
how do we measure progress?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุŸ
05:08
I'm going into some details here,
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ุณูˆู ุงุฑูŠูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ..
05:10
because [the] U.N. do it like this.
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ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก
05:12
They start [in] 1990 -- they measure to 2009.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 1990 .. ูˆุชู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู‰ ุนุงู… 2009
05:15
They say, "0.9 percent, no progress."
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ 0.9 .. ู„ูŠุณ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุฌูŠุฏ
05:18
That's unfair.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„
05:20
As a professor, I think I have the right to propose something differently.
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ูƒุจุฑูˆูุณูˆุฑ .. ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุจุงู† ุงุนุชุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
05:23
I would say, at least do this --
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ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู‰
05:25
10 years is enough to follow the trend.
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10 ุงุนูˆุงู… ู‡ูŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู‰
05:27
It's two surveys, and you can see what's happening now.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงุกุงู† .. ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง
05:30
They have 2.4 percent.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 2.4
05:32
Had I been in the Ministry of Health in Kenya,
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ู‡ู„ ูƒู†ุช ุงุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง !
05:34
I may have joined these two points.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุถู…ู…ุช ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู†
05:37
So what I'm telling you
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ู…ุง ุงุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุงูŠุงู‡
05:39
is that we know the child mortality.
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ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุนูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
05:41
We have a decent trend.
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ูุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู†ุญู‰ ุฌูŠุฏ
05:43
It's coming into some tricky things then
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงูŠุง
05:45
when we are measuring MDGs.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุงู„ููŠุฉ
05:47
And the reason here for Africa is especially important,
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุจุนูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
05:50
because '90s was a bad decade,
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ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู‚ุฏุงู‹ ุนุตูŠุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
05:52
not only in Kenya, but across Africa.
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ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ูุญุณุจ .. ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
05:55
The HIV epidemic peaked.
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุชุดุฑ ูˆุจุงุก ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุณุจุฉ
05:57
There was resistance for the old malaria drugs, until we got the new drugs.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ ุถุฏ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง .. ูˆุงู†ุชุธุฑู†ุง ู‚ุฏูˆู… ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
06:00
We got, later, the mosquito netting.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูˆุตูˆู„ ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ุจุนูˆุถ
06:02
And there was socio-economic problems,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
06:04
which are now being solved at a much better scale.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุญู„ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน
06:07
So look at the average here --
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ู‡ู†ุง
06:09
this is the average for all of sub-Saharan Africa.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก
06:11
And [the] U.N. says
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ูˆุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„
06:13
it's a reduction with 1.8 percent.
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ุงู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูƒุงู†ุช 1.8
06:16
Now this sounds a little theoretical,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุฑูŠูŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ..
06:18
but it's not so theoretical.
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ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุธุฑูŠูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹
06:20
You know, these economists,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนูŠ .. ุงู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู†
06:22
they love money, they want more and more of it, they want it to grow.
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ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุงู„ .. ูˆูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ูˆูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฏูˆู…ุง
06:25
So they calculate the percent annual growth rate of [the] economy.
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู… ูŠุญุณุจูˆู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ
06:28
We in public health, we hate child death,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ .. ู†ูƒุฑู‡ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
06:31
so we want less and less and less of child deaths.
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ูู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุฎูุถ .. ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„
06:33
So we calculate the percent reduction per year,
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ู„ุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุญุณุงุจ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉ
06:35
but it's sort of the same percentage.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
06:37
If your economy grows with four percent,
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ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุฐ ู†ู…ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 4%
06:39
you ought to reduce child mortality four percent;
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 4%
06:41
if it's used well and people are really involved
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ุงู† ู‚ุงู… ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุจู…ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„
06:44
and can get the use of the resources in the way they want it.
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ูˆุงุฐุง ุชู… ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุซู„
06:47
So is this fair now to measure this over 19 years?
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู† ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ 19 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ ุŸ
06:50
An economist would never do that.
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ุงู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู† ู„ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทู„ุงู‚
06:53
I have just divided it into two periods.
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ุจู„ ุณูˆู ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุตููŠู† ูƒู…ุง ุณุฃูุนู„
06:55
In the 90s, only 1.2 percent,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ุงุช ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ 1.2
06:58
only 1.2 percent.
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ูู‚ุท 1.2
07:00
Whereas now, second gear --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… .. ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
07:02
it's like Africa had first gear,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ุงุช ุชุณูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰
07:04
now they go into second gear.
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
07:06
But even this
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
07:08
is not a fair representation of Africa,
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ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุง ุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
07:10
because it's an average,
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ
07:12
it's an average speed of reduction in Africa.
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ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู„ูƒู„ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
07:14
And look here when I take you into my bubble graphs.
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ูู‚ุงุนุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
07:17
Still here,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ..
07:19
child death per 1,000 on that axis.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ู„ูƒู„ 1000 ุทูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุฏุงุช
07:22
Here we have [the] year.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช
07:24
And I'm now giving you a wider picture than the MDG.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆุณุน ู„ู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุงู„ููŠุฉ
07:27
I start 50 years ago
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ุณูˆู ุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† 50 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุช
07:29
when Africa celebrated independence in most countries.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุญุชูู„ุช ู…ุนุธู… ุฏูˆู„ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุจุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ู‡ุง
07:32
I give you Congo, which was high,
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ุณูˆู ุงุนุฑุถ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนู„ู‰
07:34
Ghana -- lower. And Kenya -- even lower.
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ูˆ ุบุงู†ุง .. ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณูู„
07:36
And what has happened over the years since then? Here we go.
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ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ .. ู„ู†ู†ุทู„ู‚
07:39
You can see, with independence, literacy improved
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ .. ุชุญุณู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
07:42
and vaccinations started, smallpox was eradicated,
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ูˆุชู… ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช .. ูˆุชู… ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑูŠ
07:45
hygiene was improved, and things got better.
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ูˆุชุญุณู†ุช ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ .. ูˆุงุฎุฐุช ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุฌุฑู‰ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹
07:48
But then, in the '80s, watch out here.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†ุงุช .. ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง
07:50
Congo got into civil war,
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ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ ููŠ ุญุฑุจ ุงู‡ู„ูŠุฉ
07:52
and they leveled off here.
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ูุชูˆู‚ูุช ู‡ู†ุง
07:54
Ghana got very ahead, fast.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงุตุจุญุช ุบุงู†ุง ุชุณุฑุน ุงู„ุฎูุทู‰
07:56
This was the backlash in Kenya, and Ghana bypassed,
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ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ .. ูุชู‚ุฏู…ุช ุบุงู†ุง
07:59
but then Kenya and Ghana go down together --
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู‡ุจุท ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุบุงู†ุง ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ู…ุนุงู‹
08:01
still a standstill in Congo.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจู‚ูŠ ู…ุชูˆู‚ูุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ
08:03
That's where we are today.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
08:05
You can see it doesn't make sense
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ
08:08
to make an average of this zero improvement
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ุงู† ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูˆู… ู‡ู†ุง
08:11
and this very fast improvement.
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ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
08:15
Time has come
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุก ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
08:17
to stop thinking about sub-Saharan Africa as one place.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ูƒูƒุชู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
08:21
Their countries are so different,
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ุงู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
08:24
and they merit to be recognized in the same way,
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุญู ุงู† ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ูˆุญูŠุฏ
08:27
as we don't talk about Europe as one place.
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ูู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
08:29
I can tell you that the economy in Greece and Sweden are very different --
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ุงุณุชุทูŠุน ุฌุงุฒู…ุงู‹ ุงู† ุงุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูุฑูˆู‚ูŒ ุฌู…ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ
08:32
everyone knows that.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุนู„ู… ู‡ุฐุง
08:34
And they are judged, each country, on how they are doing.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงุฏุงุฆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‰
08:37
So let me show the wider picture.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุงุฑูŠูƒู… ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุณุน
08:40
My country, Sweden:
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุทู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ
08:43
1800, we were up there.
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1800 .. ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
08:46
What a strange personality disorder we must have,
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ูŠุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง
08:49
counting the children so meticulously in spite of a high child death rate.
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ุงู† ู†ุญุณุจ ูƒู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฑู‚ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน ุฌุฏุงู‹
08:52
It's very strange. It's sort of embarrassing.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู…ุฑูŒ ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฌุฏุงู‹ .. ูˆู…ุญุฑุฌ ุงูŠุถุงู‹
08:55
But we had that habit in Sweden, you know,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุชู†ุง ..
08:57
that we counted all the child deaths,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุณุจ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
08:59
even if we didn't do anything about it.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุดูŠุก ุญูŠุงู„ู‡ุง
09:01
And then, you see, these were famine years.
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ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ูƒุงู† ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ุฌุงุนุฉ
09:03
These were bad years, and people got fed up with Sweden.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนุตูŠุจุฉ .. ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชู…ู„ู…ู„ูˆู† ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ
09:05
My ancestors moved to the United States.
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ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงุฌุฏุงุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
09:08
And eventually, soon they started to get better and better here.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ .. ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ุชุชุญุณู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูƒุซุฑ
09:11
And here we got better education, and we got health service,
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงูุถู„ .. ูˆุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงูƒุซุฑ
09:14
and child mortality came down.
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ูˆุงุฎุฐ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠู†ุฎูุถ
09:16
We never had a war; Sweden was in peace all this time.
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ูˆู„ู… ู†ุฎุถ ุงูŠ ุญุฑูˆุจ .. ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุณุงู„ู…ุฉ ุทูŠู„ุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
09:19
But look, the rate of lowering
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ
09:21
in Sweden
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ
09:23
was not fast.
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
09:25
Sweden achieved a low child mortality
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
09:28
because we started early.
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ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ุจูƒุฑุงู‹
09:31
We had primary school actually
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ูู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ
09:33
started in 1842.
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1842
09:35
And then you get that wonderful effect
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‚ุนูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„
09:37
when we got female literacy
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ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุงู†ุงุซ
09:39
one generation later.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฌูŠู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
09:41
You have to realize that the investments we do in progress
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ .. ูˆุซู…ุงุฑู‡
09:44
are long-term investments.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ .. ุงู†ู‡ ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฏ
09:46
It's not about just five years --
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ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุชุงุฌ ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูุญุณุจ
09:48
it's long-term investments.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฏ
09:50
And Sweden never reached [the] Millennium Development Goal rate,
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ูˆุฑุบู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุจุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ
09:53
3.1 percent when I calculated.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† 3.1 ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ุงู†ุง
09:55
So we are off track -- that's what Sweden is.
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ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฑูƒุจ .. ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ
09:58
But you don't talk about it so much.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹
10:00
We want others to be better than we were, and indeed, others have been better.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ุงูุถู„ ู…ู†ุง .. ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูุนู„ุงู‹
10:03
Let me show you Thailand,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุงุฑูŠูƒู… ุชุงูŠู„ู†ุฏ
10:05
see what a success story, Thailand from the 1960s --
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุงูŠู„ู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 1960
10:07
how they went down here
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ุงู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ
10:09
and reached almost the same child mortality levels as Sweden.
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ูˆูˆุตู„ุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ
10:12
And I'll give you another story -- Egypt,
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ .. ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
10:15
the most hidden, glorious success in public health.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชุฎููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
10:18
Egypt was up here in 1960,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุตุฑ ููŠ 1960
10:20
higher than Congo.
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ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ู„ู„ุงุทูุงู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ
10:22
The Nile Delta was a misery for children
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฏู„ุชุง ุงู„ู†ูŠู„ ุงุณูˆุก ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุงุทูุงู„
10:25
with diarrheal disease
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ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุงุณู‡ุงู„ ุชูุชูƒ ุจู‡ู…
10:27
and malaria and a lot of problems.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
10:29
And then they got the Aswan Dam. They got electricity in their homes,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆู…ุน ุจู†ุงุก ุณุฏ ุงุณูˆุงู† .. ูˆู…ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„
10:32
they increased education
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ูˆู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
10:34
and they got primary health care.
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ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
10:36
And down they went, you know.
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ู‡ุจุท ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง .. ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†
10:38
And they got safer water, they eradicated malaria.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุตู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠ .. ูˆุชู… ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง
10:41
And isn't it a success story.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุตุฉ ู†ุฌุงุญ ุญู‚ุงู‹
10:43
Millennium Development Goal rates for child mortality
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ุงู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุงู„ููŠุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
10:46
is fully possible.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง
10:48
And the good thing is
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ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ
10:50
that Ghana today is going with the same rate
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ุงู† ุบุงู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชุณูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ
10:52
as Egypt did at its fastest.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุงุฑุช ุจู‡ุง ู…ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
10:55
Kenya is now speeding up.
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ูˆูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชุณุงุฑุน ุงู„ุฎูุทู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
10:57
Here we have a problem.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
10:59
We have a severe problem in countries which are at a standstill.
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ู…ูƒุดู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ .. ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชุญุณู†
11:03
Now, let me now bring you to a wider picture,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุงุธู‡ุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู„ู„ุงู…ุฑ
11:06
a wider picture of child mortality.
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ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆุณุน ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
11:08
I'm going to show you the relationship
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ุณูˆู ุงุฑูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ..
11:10
between child mortality on this axis here --
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ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ .. ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุชูˆุถุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
11:13
this axis here is child mortality --
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
11:16
and here I have the family size.
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ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ ..ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
11:19
The relationship between child mortality and family size.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ .. ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
11:21
One, two, three, four children per woman:
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ู‡ู†ุง .. ุทูู„ .. ุงุซู†ูŠู† .. ุซู„ุงุซ .. ู„ูƒู„ ุฅู…ุฑุฃุฉ
11:23
six, seven, eight children per woman.
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ุณุชุฉ ุงุทูุงู„ .. ุณุจุน .. ุซู…ุงู†
11:25
This is, once again, 1960 --
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ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู… 1960
11:27
50 years ago.
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ู…ู†ุฐ 50 ุนุงู…
11:29
Each bubble is a country --
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ูƒู„ ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง .. ุชู…ุซู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
11:31
the color, you can see, a continent.
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ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฉ
11:33
The dark blue here is sub-Saharan Africa.
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ูˆุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงูƒู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก
11:35
And the size of the bubble is the population.
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ูˆุญุฌู… ุงู„ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†
11:39
And these are
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
11:41
the so-called "developing" countries.
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ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ
11:43
They had high, or very high, child mortality
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงูุฑุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ .. ูˆุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
11:46
and family size, six to eight.
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ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ ู…ู† 6-8
11:49
And the ones over there,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง
11:51
they were so-called Western countries.
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ
11:53
They had low child mortality
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงุทูุงู„ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
11:55
and small families.
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ูˆุงุณุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
11:57
What has happened?
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ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ..
11:59
What I want you [to do] now is to see with your own eyes
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ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุฑูŠูƒู… ุจุฃู… ุฃุนูŠู†ูƒู…
12:02
the relation between fall in child mortality
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ูƒูŠู ุงู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠู†ุฎูุถ
12:05
and decrease in family size.
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ู…ุน ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ
12:08
I just want not to have any room for doubt --
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ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ
12:10
you have to see that for yourself.
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ุณูˆู ูŠุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ูุณู‡
12:12
This is what happened. Now I start the world.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ .. ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
12:15
Here we come down with the eradication of
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง . ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
12:17
smallpox, better education,
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ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ .. ููŠู‡ ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ
12:19
health service.
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ูˆุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ
12:21
It got down there -- China comes into the Western box here.
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู‡ู†ุง .. ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุชู†ุฒู„
12:24
And here Brazil is in the Western Box.
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ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ
12:26
India is approaching. The first African countries coming into the Western box,
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ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… .. ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงูˆู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ
12:29
and we get a lot a new neighbors.
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ูˆู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠุฑุงู† ุฌุฏุฏ
12:31
Welcome to a decent life.
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ุงู‡ู„ุง ุจูƒู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฆู‚ุฉ
12:33
Come on. We want everyone down there.
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ุงู‡ู„ุงู‹ ุจูƒู… .. ู†ุฑูŠุฏูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง
12:35
This is the vision we have, isn't it.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู…ู„ูƒ .. ุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
12:37
And look now, the first African countries here are coming in.
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ .. ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ู‡ู†ุง
12:40
There we are today.
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ู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
12:43
There is no such thing
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ู„ุงูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹
12:45
as a "Western world" and "developing world."
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ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ .. ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠ
12:47
This is the report from [the] U.N.,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏ ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
12:49
which came out on Friday.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
12:51
It's very good -- "Levels and Trends in Child Mortality" --
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ุงู†ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน .. ููŠ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
12:54
except this page.
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ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ
12:56
This page is very bad;
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุตูุญุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹
12:58
it's a categorization of countries.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุตูุญุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ุฏูˆู„
13:01
It labels "developing countries," -- I can read from the list here --
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตู†ู ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ูƒุฏูˆู„ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ .. ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
13:04
developing countries: Republic of Korea -- South Korea.
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ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠุฉ .. ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ !!
13:07
Huh?
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ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุŸุŸ
13:09
They get Samsung, how can they be [a] developing country?
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† " ุณุงู…ุณูˆู†ุบ " ูƒูŠู ู‡ู… ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ..
13:12
They have here Singapore.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณู†ุบุงููˆุฑุฉ .. !!
13:14
They have the lowest child mortality in the world, Singapore.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
13:16
They bypassed Sweden five years ago,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุช ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุฐ 5 ุงุนูˆุงู…
13:18
and they are labeled a developing country.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูุฉ ูƒุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ !
13:20
They have here Qatar.
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‚ุทุฑ !
13:22
It's the richest country in the world with Al Jazeera.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุบู†ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… .. ูˆุชู…ู„ูƒ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ
13:24
How the heck could they be [a] developing country?
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ูƒูŠู ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ ุชุตู†ู ูƒุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุŸ
13:26
This is crap.
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ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฑุงุก
13:28
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
13:31
The rest here is good -- the rest is good.
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ุงู…ุง ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ุฑุงุฆุน .. ุฑุงุฆุน
13:33
We have to have a modern concept,
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
13:35
which fits to the data.
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ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูŠุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
13:37
And we have to realize
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนูŠ
13:39
that we are all going to into this, down to here.
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ุงู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ุณู†ุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน .. ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณูู„
13:42
What is the importance now with the relations here.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฑุคูŠุชู†ุง ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
13:45
Look -- even if we look in Africa --
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
13:47
these are the African countries.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
13:49
You can clearly see the relation with falling child mortality
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุจูˆุถูˆุน ูƒูŠู ุงู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠู†ุฎูุถ
13:52
and decreasing family size,
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ู…ุน ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุฑุฉ
13:54
even within Africa.
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
13:56
It's very clear that this is what happens.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌู„ูŠูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
13:58
And a very important piece of research came out on Friday
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุจุญุซูŒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุธู‡ุฑ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ
14:01
from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle
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ู…ู† ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ููŠ ุณูŠุงุชู„
14:05
showing that almost 50 percent
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† 50% ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
14:07
of the fall in child mortality
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ู…ู† ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
14:09
can be attributed to female education.
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ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช
14:12
That is, when we get girls in school,
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ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุงุซ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
14:15
we'll get an impact 15 to 20 years later,
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ุณูˆู ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุจุนุฏ 15-20 ุนุงู… ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
14:17
which is a secular trend which is very strong.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ุญุฉ ุฌูŠุฏูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆู‚ูˆูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฎูุถ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„
14:20
That's why we must have that long-term perspective,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู…ูุงู‡ูŠู… ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฏ
14:23
but we must measure the impact
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
14:25
over 10-year periods.
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ูƒู„ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช
14:27
It's fully possible
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู…ุฑูŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุฏูˆุซู‡
14:29
to get child mortality down in all of these countries
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ุงู† ู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
14:31
and to get them down in the corner
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ูˆุงู† ู†ุฏูุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
14:33
where we all would like to live together.
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ุญูŠุซ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ุนูŠุด ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ู…ุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง
14:37
And of course, lowering child mortality
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ูˆุญุชู…ุงู‹ ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
14:40
is a matter of utmost importance
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู…ุฑูŒ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹
14:43
from humanitarian aspects.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู†ูŠ..
14:45
It's a decent life for children,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู…ุฑูŒ ูˆุงุฌุจ .. ุงู† ู†ุนุทูŠ ู„ู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ุงุฆู‚ุฉ
14:47
we are talking about.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงู†
14:49
But it is also a strategic investment
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงูŠุถุงู‹
14:52
in the future of all mankind,
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ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ .. ูˆู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง
14:54
because it's about the environment.
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงูŠุถุงู‹
14:57
We will not be able to manage the environment
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ูู†ุญู† ู„ู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ
14:59
and avoid the terrible climate crisis
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ูˆุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุงุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉ
15:01
if we don't stabilize the world population.
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ุงู† ู„ู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ .. ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุณูƒุงู† ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ
15:03
Let's be clear about that.
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ู„ู†ูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต
15:05
And the way to do that,
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ูˆู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ
15:07
that is to get child mortality down, get access to family planning
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ .. ูˆุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุณู„ ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡
15:10
and behind that drive female education.
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ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู…ุน ู†ุดุฑ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุงู†ุงุซ
15:13
And that is fully possible. Let's do it.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ .. ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡
15:15
Thank you very much.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒู…
15:17
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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