Hans Rosling: The good news of the decade?

169,600 views ใƒป 2010-10-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ji-Hyuk Park
00:15
We are here today
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UN์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„
00:17
because [the] United Nations
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:19
have defined goals
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:21
for the progress of countries.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
They're called Millennium Development Goals.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
And the reason I really like these goals
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:29
is that there are eight of them.
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8๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And by specifying eight different goals,
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8๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
00:34
the United Nations has said
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UN์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:36
that there are so many things needed
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:38
to change in a country
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„
00:40
in order to get the good life for people.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Look here -- you have to end poverty,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
education, gender,
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๊ต์œก, ์„ฑ๋ณ„,
00:46
child and maternal health,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•,
00:48
control infections, protect the environment
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ†ต์ œ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ,
00:51
and get the good global links between nations
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์›์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ต์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
00:53
in every aspect
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
00:55
from aid to trade.
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ํš๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
There's a second reason I like these development goals,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
and that is because each and every one is measured.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Take child mortality;
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:07
the aim here is to reduce child mortality
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 1990๋…„์—์„œ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
01:09
by two-thirds,
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ 2/3๊นŒ์ง€
01:11
from 1990 to 2015.
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๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
That's a four percent reduction per year --
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์—ฐ 4%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
and this, with measuring.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
01:20
That's what makes the difference
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€
01:22
between political talking like this
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์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:24
and really going for the important thing,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
01:26
a better life for people.
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์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And what I'm so happy about with this
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์•„์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘๋™, ๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜
01:31
is that we have already documented
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
01:33
that there are many countries
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„
01:35
in Asia, in the Middle East,
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์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
01:37
in Latin America and East Europe
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:40
that [are] reducing with this rate.
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์ €๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And even mighty Brazil is going down with five percent per year,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฐ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—ฐ 5%๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
01:45
and Turkey with seven percent per year.
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ 7%๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So there's good news.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
But then I hear people saying, "There is no progress in Africa.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And there's not even statistics on Africa
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"์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
01:54
to know what is happening."
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—†์ฃ ."
01:56
I'll prove them wrong on both points.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Come with me to the wonderful world of statistics.
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ฃ .
02:02
I bring you to the webpage, ChildMortality.org,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ 5์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜
02:05
where you can take deaths in children
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:07
below five years of age for all countries --
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ChildMortality.org ๋ผ๋Š” ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
it's done by U.N. specialists.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ UN์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And I will take Kenya as an example.
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์ผ€๋ƒ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:14
Here you see the data.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:16
Don't panic -- don't panic now, I'll help you through this.
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๊ฒ๋จน์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ฒ๋จน์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:19
It looks nasty, like in college
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋˜
02:21
when you didn't like statistics.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์‹œ์ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋”์ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
02:23
But first thing, when you see dots like this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
02:25
you have to ask yourself:
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
from where do the data come?
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€?
02:29
What is the origin of the data?
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
02:31
Is it so that in Kenya,
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—๋Š”
02:33
there are doctors and other specialists
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ง„๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
02:35
who write the death certificate at the death of the child
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”
02:37
and it's sent to the statistical office?
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:39
No -- low-income countries like Kenya
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€๋ƒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š”
02:42
still don't have that level of organization.
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์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
It exists, but it's not complete
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์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
02:47
because so many deaths occur in the home
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๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:50
with the family,
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์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ง์‹ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€
02:52
and it's not registered.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
What we rely on is not an incomplete system.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
We have interviews, we have surveys.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And this is highly professional
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ
03:01
female interviewers
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:03
who sit down for one hour with a woman
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š”
03:05
and ask her about [her] birth history.
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๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
How many children did you have?
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์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:09
Are they alive?
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์ƒ์กดํ•ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:11
If they died, at what age and what year?
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์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ์‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:14
And then this is done in a representative sample
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์ผ€๋ƒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„
03:16
of thousands of women in the country
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๋Œ€ํ‘œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:19
and put together in what used to be called
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ฑด์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
03:21
a demographic health survey report.
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์ทจํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
But these surveys are costly,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
so they can only be done [in] three- to five-year intervals.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 3~5๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์„œ๋งŒ ์‹ค์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
But they have good quality.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:31
So this is a limitation.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And all these colored lines here are results;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ‰๊น” ์„ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
each color is one survey.
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๊ฐ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
But that's too complicated for today, so I'll simplify it for you,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
and I give you one average point for each survey.
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๊ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
This was 1977, 1988,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1977, 1988,
03:47
1992, '97
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1992, 1997, 2002๋…„์˜
03:49
and 2002.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
And when the experts in the U.N.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  UN ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
03:54
have got these surveys in place in their database,
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์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ์ €์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:57
then they use advanced mathematical formulas
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:00
to produce a trend line, and the trend line looks like this.
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๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
See here -- it's the best fit they can get of this point.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์ ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
But watch out --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:08
they continue the line
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜
04:10
beyond the last point
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€
04:12
out into nothing.
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์„ ์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And they estimated that in 2008,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 2008๋…„ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด
04:17
Kenya had per child mortality of 128.
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์ฒœ ๋ช…๋‹น 128๋ช…์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
And I was sad,
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์ €๋Š” ์ŠฌํŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
because we could see
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90๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ์˜
04:24
this reversal in Kenya
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด
04:26
with an increased child mortality in the 90s.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
It was so tragic.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
But in June, I got a mail in my inbox
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 6์›”, ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ฑด์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ
04:34
from Demographic Health Surveys,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:36
and it showed good news from Kenya.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ€๋ƒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
I was so happy.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ปค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
This was the estimate of the new survey.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Then it just took another three months
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ UN์ด ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
04:45
for [the] U.N. to get it into their server,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ ,
04:47
and on Friday we got the new trend line --
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
it was down here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:52
Isn't it nice -- isn't it nice, yeah?
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:54
I was actually, on Friday, sitting in front of my computer,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์ œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:57
and I saw the death rate fall
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ์•„์นจ, 128๋ช…์—์„œ 84๋ช…์œผ๋กœ์˜
04:59
from 128 to 84 just that morning.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So we celebrated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
But now, when you have this trend line,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
05:06
how do we measure progress?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ฒ™์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:08
I'm going into some details here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
because [the] U.N. do it like this.
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UN์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
They start [in] 1990 -- they measure to 2009.
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UN์€ 1990๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
They say, "0.9 percent, no progress."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "0.9%๋ฉด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋„ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
That's unfair.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
As a professor, I think I have the right to propose something differently.
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
I would say, at least do this --
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
10 years is enough to follow the trend.
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10๋…„์€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
It's two surveys, and you can see what's happening now.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
They have 2.4 percent.
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2.4%์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ๋ฅ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Had I been in the Ministry of Health in Kenya,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:34
I may have joined these two points.
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์ด ๋‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So what I'm telling you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:39
is that we know the child mortality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
We have a decent trend.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
It's coming into some tricky things then
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:45
when we are measuring MDGs.
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๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And the reason here for Africa is especially important,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:50
because '90s was a bad decade,
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90๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ€๋ƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
05:52
not only in Kenya, but across Africa.
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์•ˆ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ 10๋…„์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
The HIV epidemic peaked.
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HIV ์ „์—ผ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
There was resistance for the old malaria drugs, until we got the new drugs.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ตฌ์‹ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
We got, later, the mosquito netting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์—์•ผ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:02
And there was socio-economic problems,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:04
which are now being solved at a much better scale.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
So look at the average here --
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:09
this is the average for all of sub-Saharan Africa.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ „์ฒด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
And [the] U.N. says
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UN์€ 1.8% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
06:13
it's a reduction with 1.8 percent.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Now this sounds a little theoretical,
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์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:18
but it's not so theoretical.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
You know, these economists,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
06:22
they love money, they want more and more of it, they want it to grow.
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๋ˆ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:25
So they calculate the percent annual growth rate of [the] economy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
We in public health, we hate child death,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
so we want less and less and less of child deaths.
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
So we calculate the percent reduction per year,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฝ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
but it's sort of the same percentage.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
If your economy grows with four percent,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ 4% ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:39
you ought to reduce child mortality four percent;
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„ 4% ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
if it's used well and people are really involved
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:44
and can get the use of the resources in the way they want it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
So is this fair now to measure this over 19 years?
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19๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
An economist would never do that.
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
I have just divided it into two periods.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
In the 90s, only 1.2 percent,
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90๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ 1.2%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
only 1.2 percent.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 1.2%์š”.
07:00
Whereas now, second gear --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 2๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
it's like Africa had first gear,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” 1๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
07:04
now they go into second gear.
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์ด์ œ 2๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
But even this
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
07:08
is not a fair representation of Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
because it's an average,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
it's an average speed of reduction in Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ์†Œ ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And look here when I take you into my bubble graphs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„๋ธ” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:17
Still here,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ถ• ์œ„์—์„œ
07:19
child death per 1,000 on that axis.
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์ฒœ ๋ช… ๋‹น ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Here we have [the] year.
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์ด์ชฝ ์ถ•์€ ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ฃ .
07:24
And I'm now giving you a wider picture than the MDG.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
I start 50 years ago
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
07:29
when Africa celebrated independence in most countries.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ธ, 50๋…„ ์ „์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
I give you Congo, which was high,
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์ฝฉ์ฝ”๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ฃ .
07:34
Ghana -- lower. And Kenya -- even lower.
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์ผ€๋ƒ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์ฃ .
07:36
And what has happened over the years since then? Here we go.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:39
You can see, with independence, literacy improved
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๋…๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธ๋งน๋ฅ ์ด ์ค„๊ณ , ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ ,
07:42
and vaccinations started, smallpox was eradicated,
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋˜๊ณ , ์œ„์ƒ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:45
hygiene was improved, and things got better.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
But then, in the '80s, watch out here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 80๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
07:50
Congo got into civil war,
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
07:52
and they leveled off here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Ghana got very ahead, fast.
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•ž์„œ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
07:56
This was the backlash in Kenya, and Ghana bypassed,
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
but then Kenya and Ghana go down together --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
still a standstill in Congo.
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
That's where we are today.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
You can see it doesn't make sense
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
08:08
to make an average of this zero improvement
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:11
and this very fast improvement.
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์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Time has come
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ
08:17
to stop thinking about sub-Saharan Africa as one place.
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Their countries are so different,
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
08:24
and they merit to be recognized in the same way,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
as we don't talk about Europe as one place.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
I can tell you that the economy in Greece and Sweden are very different --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
everyone knows that.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:34
And they are judged, each country, on how they are doing.
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๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So let me show the wider picture.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:40
My country, Sweden:
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์ €์˜ ์กฐ๊ตญ์ธ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์€
08:43
1800, we were up there.
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1800๋…„๋Œ€, ์ € ์œ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:46
What a strange personality disorder we must have,
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์Šค์›จ๋ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋†’์€ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:49
counting the children so meticulously in spite of a high child death rate.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
It's very strange. It's sort of embarrassing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:55
But we had that habit in Sweden, you know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:57
that we counted all the child deaths,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋ผ๋„
08:59
even if we didn't do anything about it.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Š” ์Šต์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And then, you see, these were famine years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
These were bad years, and people got fed up with Sweden.
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์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์— ์งˆ๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
09:05
My ancestors moved to the United States.
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์ €์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And eventually, soon they started to get better and better here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
And here we got better education, and we got health service,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
09:14
and child mortality came down.
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์ฃ .
09:16
We never had a war; Sweden was in peace all this time.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
But look, the rate of lowering
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์Šค์›จ๋ด์—์„œ
09:21
in Sweden
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€
09:23
was not fast.
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๋น ๋ฅด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Sweden achieved a low child mortality
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:28
because we started early.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
We had primary school actually
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1842๋…„์— ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์ด
09:33
started in 1842.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
And then you get that wonderful effect
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ›„,
09:37
when we got female literacy
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ๋งน๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:39
one generation later.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
You have to realize that the investments we do in progress
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž„์„
09:44
are long-term investments.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
It's not about just five years --
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๊ทธ์ € 5๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
it's long-term investments.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
And Sweden never reached [the] Millennium Development Goal rate,
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
3.1 percent when I calculated.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 3.1%์˜€์ฃ .
09:55
So we are off track -- that's what Sweden is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ถค๋„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด์ฃ .
09:58
But you don't talk about it so much.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:00
We want others to be better than we were, and indeed, others have been better.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Let me show you Thailand,
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ํƒœ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:05
see what a success story, Thailand from the 1960s --
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ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ
10:07
how they went down here
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์Šค์›จ๋ด๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
10:09
and reached almost the same child mortality levels as Sweden.
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:12
And I'll give you another story -- Egypt,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
10:15
the most hidden, glorious success in public health.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Egypt was up here in 1960,
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋Š” ์ € ์œ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
higher than Congo.
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋†’์•˜์ฃ .
10:22
The Nile Delta was a misery for children
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๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ• ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ค์‚ฌ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„,
10:25
with diarrheal disease
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ
10:27
and malaria and a lot of problems.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
And then they got the Aswan Dam. They got electricity in their homes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์Šค์™„ ๋Œ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
they increased education
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๊ต์œก์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
10:34
and they got primary health care.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And down they went, you know.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ,
10:38
And they got safer water, they eradicated malaria.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
And isn't it a success story.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:43
Millennium Development Goal rates for child mortality
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
10:46
is fully possible.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
And the good thing is
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:50
that Ghana today is going with the same rate
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:52
as Egypt did at its fastest.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
Kenya is now speeding up.
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์ผ€๋ƒ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Here we have a problem.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
We have a severe problem in countries which are at a standstill.
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์ •์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Now, let me now bring you to a wider picture,
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:06
a wider picture of child mortality.
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๋” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
11:08
I'm going to show you the relationship
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์ด์ชฝ ์ถ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ
11:10
between child mortality on this axis here --
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-- ์ด์ชฝ ์ถ•์ด ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
11:13
this axis here is child mortality --
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์ด์ชฝ ์ถ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜
11:16
and here I have the family size.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
The relationship between child mortality and family size.
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
One, two, three, four children per woman:
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹น ํ•œ ๋ช…, ๋‘ ๋ช…, ์„ธ ๋ช…, ๋„ค ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค,
11:23
six, seven, eight children per woman.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹น ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…, ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ช…, ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
This is, once again, 1960 --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ, 1960๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
50 years ago.
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50๋…„ ์ „์ด์ฃ .
11:29
Each bubble is a country --
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๊ฐ ๋ฒ„๋ธ”์€ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
the color, you can see, a continent.
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์ƒ‰๊น”์€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ฃ .
11:33
The dark blue here is sub-Saharan Africa.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง™์€ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
And the size of the bubble is the population.
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๋ฒ„๋ธ”์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
And these are
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
11:41
the so-called "developing" countries.
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์†Œ์œ„ "๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ" ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
They had high, or very high, child mortality
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๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ
11:46
and family size, six to eight.
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6~8์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
And the ones over there,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
11:51
they were so-called Western countries.
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์†Œ์œ„ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
They had low child mortality
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ณผ
11:55
and small families.
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์†Œ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
What has happened?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:59
What I want you [to do] now is to see with your own eyes
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ํ•˜๋ฝ๊ณผ
12:02
the relation between fall in child mortality
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
12:05
and decrease in family size.
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์ง์ ‘ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
I just want not to have any room for doubt --
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์ €๋Š” ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
you have to see that for yourself.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
This is what happened. Now I start the world.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
12:15
Here we come down with the eradication of
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:17
smallpox, better education,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ
12:19
health service.
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
It got down there -- China comes into the Western box here.
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์ €์ชฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ฃ . ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์„œ๊ตฌ ์นธ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
And here Brazil is in the Western Box.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๋„ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์นธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
India is approaching. The first African countries coming into the Western box,
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์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์นธ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
and we get a lot a new neighbors.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งž์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Welcome to a decent life.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์„œ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
12:33
Come on. We want everyone down there.
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์–ด์„œ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
This is the vision we have, isn't it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„์ „์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
12:37
And look now, the first African countries here are coming in.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
There we are today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ฃ .
12:43
There is no such thing
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"์„œ๊ตฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„"์™€ "๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„"
12:45
as a "Western world" and "developing world."
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
This is the report from [the] U.N.,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— UN์—์„œ
12:49
which came out on Friday.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
It's very good -- "Levels and Trends in Child Mortality" --
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ถ”์„ธ"
12:54
except this page.
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
12:56
This page is very bad;
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
it's a categorization of countries.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ™” ํ•ด๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:01
It labels "developing countries," -- I can read from the list here --
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"๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด ๋†จ๊ตฐ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
developing countries: Republic of Korea -- South Korea.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€: ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ, ๋‚จํ•œ.
13:07
Huh?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”?
13:09
They get Samsung, how can they be [a] developing country?
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์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:12
They have here Singapore.
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด๋„ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:14
They have the lowest child mortality in the world, Singapore.
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
They bypassed Sweden five years ago,
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5๋…„ ์ „์— ์Šค์›จ๋ด์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:18
and they are labeled a developing country.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:20
They have here Qatar.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
It's the richest country in the world with Al Jazeera.
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์•Œ์ž์ง€๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
13:24
How the heck could they be [a] developing country?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
13:26
This is crap.
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์ด๊ฑด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:31
The rest here is good -- the rest is good.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
13:33
We have to have a modern concept,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋งž์•„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
13:35
which fits to the data.
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์š”์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And we have to realize
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๊ณณ,
13:39
that we are all going to into this, down to here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
What is the importance now with the relations here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:45
Look -- even if we look in Africa --
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณธ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
these are the African countries.
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
13:49
You can clearly see the relation with falling child mortality
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„, ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ
13:52
and decreasing family size,
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๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
13:54
even within Africa.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
It's very clear that this is what happens.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And a very important piece of research came out on Friday
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ํ•˜๋ฝ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 50%๋Š”
14:01
from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ต์œก ๋•๋ถ„์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
14:05
showing that almost 50 percent
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ
14:07
of the fall in child mortality
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์‹œ์• ํ‹€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
14:09
can be attributed to female education.
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๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ‰๊ฐ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
That is, when we get girls in school,
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์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด,
14:15
we'll get an impact 15 to 20 years later,
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15~20๋…„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ถ”์„ธ์—
14:17
which is a secular trend which is very strong.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
That's why we must have that long-term perspective,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
but we must measure the impact
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
14:25
over 10-year periods.
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10๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
It's fully possible
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ
14:29
to get child mortality down in all of these countries
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
14:31
and to get them down in the corner
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ชฝ ๊ตฌ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:33
where we all would like to live together.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
And of course, lowering child mortality
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:40
is a matter of utmost importance
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์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
14:43
from humanitarian aspects.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
It's a decent life for children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:47
we are talking about.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
But it is also a strategic investment
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜
14:52
in the future of all mankind,
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์ „๋žต์  ํˆฌ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
because it's about the environment.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
We will not be able to manage the environment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:59
and avoid the terrible climate crisis
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ , ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
15:01
if we don't stabilize the world population.
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ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Let's be clear about that.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:05
And the way to do that,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
15:07
that is to get child mortality down, get access to family planning
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์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:10
and behind that drive female education.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ›„์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
And that is fully possible. Let's do it.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:15
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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