How to fix a broken education system ... without any more money | Seema Bansal

270,086 views ใƒป 2016-07-20

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Fatima Zahra El Hafa ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ahmad Altamimi
00:12
So we all have our own biases.
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ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุชูŽุญูŽูŠู‘ูุฒุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู†ุง.
00:15
For example, some of us tend to think
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูŠู„ ุจุนุถู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ
00:17
that it's very difficult to transform failing government systems.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตุนุจ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุดู„ุฉ.
00:21
When we think of government systems,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉุŒ
00:23
we tend to think that they're archaic, set in their ways,
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ู†ู…ูŠู„ ู„ู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุจุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจู‡ุง
00:27
and perhaps, the leadership is just too bureaucratic
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุงุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง
00:29
to be able to change things.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
00:32
Well, today, I want to challenge that theory.
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ.
00:35
I want to tell you a story of a very large government system
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ู‚ุตุฉ ู†ุธุงู… ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง
00:39
that has not only put itself on the path of reform
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุถุน ู†ูุณู‡ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ
00:43
but has also shown fairly spectacular results
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู ู…ุง
00:46
in less than three years.
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ููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
00:48
This is what a classroom in a public school in India looks like.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุตู ููŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
00:53
There are 1 million such schools in India.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
00:55
And even for me, who's lived in India all her life,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุดุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุทูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุŒ
00:59
walking into one of these schools is fairly heartbreaking.
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ูุฅู† ู…ุตุงุฏูุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ูุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง.
01:03
By the time kids are 11,
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ุนู†ุฏ ุจู„ูˆุบ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุณู† 11ุŒ
01:05
50 percent of them have fallen so far behind in their education
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ูŠูƒูˆู† 50 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆุฑุงุก ููŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู‡ู…
01:09
that they have no hope to recover.
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ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠูู‚ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุณู†.
01:11
11-year-olds cannot do simple addition,
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ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุจุณู† 11 ุนุงู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู†ุฌุฒูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุน ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
01:14
they cannot construct a grammatically correct sentence.
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ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู†ุญูˆูŠู‘ู‹ุง.
01:17
These are things that you and I would expect an 8-year-old
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‚ุฏ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฃู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุจุนู…ุฑ 8 ุณู†ูˆุงุช
01:21
to be able to do.
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ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุง.
01:22
By the time kids are 13 or 14,
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ุนู†ุฏ ุจู„ูˆุบ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุณู† 13 ุฃูˆ 14ุŒ
01:25
they tend to drop out of schools.
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ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ.
01:28
In India, public schools not only offer free education --
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุง ู‹ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุงู‹ ูู‚ุท--
01:31
they offer free textbooks, free workbooks, free meals,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูˆูุฑ ุฏูุงุชุฑ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฌุจุงุช ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
01:35
sometimes even cash scholarships.
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ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ู…ูู†ุญุงู‹ ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏูŠุฉ.
01:37
And yet, 40 percent of the parents today
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ูˆุฑุบู… ุฐู„ูƒุŒ 40% ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุจุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
01:40
are choosing to pull their children out of public schools
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ูŠุฎุชุงุฑูˆู† ุณุญุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ
01:43
and pay out of their pockets to put them in private schools.
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ูˆูŠุฏูุนูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌูŠูˆุจู‡ู… ู„ูˆุถุนู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
01:47
As a comparison, in a far richer country, the US,
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ูƒู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ุจุจู„ุฏ ุฃุบู†ู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุŒ
01:51
that number is only 10 percent.
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ูŠุตู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ 10%.
01:53
That's a huge statement on how broken the Indian public education system is.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุชุตุฑูŠุญ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุถุนู ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ.
01:59
So it was with that background that I got a call in the summer of 2013
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ุฅุฐุง ูˆุจุฎู„ููŠุฉ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงุชุตุงู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุตูŠู 2013
02:03
from an absolutely brilliant lady called Surina Rajan.
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ู…ู† ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง ุชูุฏุนู‰ ุณูˆุฑูŠู†ุง ุฑุงุฌุงู†.
02:07
She was, at that time, the head of the Department of School Education
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุฑุฆูŠุณุฉ ู‚ุณู… ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
02:11
in a state called Haryana in India.
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ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
02:14
So she said to us, "Look, I've been heading this department
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ู†ุงุŒ"ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุงุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุฃุณุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู…
02:17
for the last two years.
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ู„ู„ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†.
02:18
I've tried a number of things, and nothing seems to work.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑุจุช ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู…ู„.
02:22
Can you possibly help?"
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ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉุŸ"
02:24
Let me describe Haryana a little bit to you.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุตู ู„ูƒู… ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹.
02:27
Haryana is a state which has 30 million people.
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ู‡ูŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 30 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต.
02:31
It has 15,000 public schools
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ูˆ 15.000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุฉ
02:34
and 2 million plus children in those public schools.
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠ ุทูู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
02:38
So basically, with that phone call,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ูุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉ
02:40
I promised to help a state and system
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ูˆุนุฏุช ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุธุงู…
02:43
which was as large as that of Peru or Canada transform itself.
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ุจู†ูุณ ูƒุจุฑ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆ ุฃูˆ ูƒู†ุฏุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
02:48
As I started this project, I was very painfully aware of two things.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง ุญูŠุงู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู†.
02:52
One, that I had never done anything like this before.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃู‚ู… ุจุดูŠุก ูƒู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
02:55
And two, many others had, perhaps without too much success.
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ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุญุธู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู…ู…ู† ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุฌุงุญ ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
03:00
As my colleagues and I looked across the country
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุญุซุช ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒู…ู„ุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ
03:03
and across the world,
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ูˆููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
03:04
we couldn't find another example
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ู„ู… ู†ุณุชุทุน ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ
03:06
that we could just pick up and replicate in Haryana.
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ูู‚ุท ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง.
03:09
We knew that we had to craft our own journey.
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ุฃุฏุฑูƒู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุตู†ุน ุฑุญู„ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
03:12
But anyway, we jumped right in and as we jumped in,
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุดุฑุนู†ุง ููˆุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู…ุง ุฅู† ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
03:15
all sorts of ideas started flying at us.
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ุญุชู‰ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุฑุงูˆุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ.
03:18
People said, "Let's change the way we recruit teachers,
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ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ:" ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุบูŠุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†"
03:21
let's hire new principals and train them
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูˆุธู ู…ุฏุฑุงุก ุฌุฏุฏ ูˆู†ุฏุฑุจู‡ู…
03:24
and send them on international learning tours,
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ูˆู†ุฑุณู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุฌูˆู„ุงุช ุชุนู„ู… ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ
03:26
let's put technology inside classrooms."
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ูˆู„ู†ุถุน ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุตููˆู."
03:29
By the end of week one, we had 50 ideas on the table,
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ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู†ุง 50 ููƒุฑุฉุŒ
03:31
all amazing, all sounded right.
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.
03:34
There was no way we were going to be able to implement 50 things.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„50 ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†ุงู‹ .
03:39
So I said, "Hang on, stop.
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ู„ุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช:"ุงู†ุชุธุฑูˆุงุŒ ุชูˆู‚ููˆุง.
03:41
Let's first at least decide what is it we're trying to achieve."
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡."
03:44
So with a lot of push and pull and debate,
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ู„ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุŒ
03:47
Haryana set itself a goal which said: by 2020,
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ุญุฏุฏุช ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฏูุงู‹ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู„: ุจุญู„ูˆู„ 2020ุŒ
03:51
we want 80 percent of our children to be at grade-level knowledge.
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† 80% ู…ู† ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ู„ุณู†ู‡ู….
03:55
Now the specifics of the goal don't matter here,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู„ุง ุชู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
03:58
but what matters is how specific the goal is.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฏู‰ ุฏู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู.
04:01
Because it really allowed us to take all those ideas
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ
04:04
which were being thrown at us
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู„ู‚ูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง
04:06
and say which ones we were going to implement.
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ููŠุฐู‡ุง.
04:08
Does this idea support this goal? If yes, let's keep it.
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ู‡ู„ ุชุฏุนู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุจุŒ ูู„ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
04:12
But if it doesn't or we're not sure, then let's put it aside.
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูู„ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจุงู‹.
04:16
As simple as it sounds, having a very specific goal right up front
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ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู‡ุฏู ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฌูุฏู‘ู‹ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
04:20
has really allowed us to be very sharp and focused
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ุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู† ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆู…ุฑูƒู‘ูุฒูŠู†
04:24
in our transformation journey.
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ููŠ ุฑุญู„ุชู†ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ.
04:25
And looking back over the last two and a half years,
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ูˆุฑุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ
04:28
that has been a huge positive for us.
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ูˆุงู„ู„ุชูŠู† ูƒุงู†ุชุง ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุชูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง.
04:31
So we had the goal,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฏูุŒ
04:32
and now we needed to figure out what are the issues, what is broken.
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนุทู„.
04:37
Before we went into schools, a lot of people told us
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
04:39
that education quality is poor
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ุฃู† ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุถุนูŠูุฉ
04:41
because either the teachers are lazy, they don't come into schools,
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ุฅู…ุง ุจุณุจุจ ูƒุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ
04:45
or they're incapable, they actually don't know how to teach.
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ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ ูƒููˆุฆูŠู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ูุนู„ุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ.
04:49
Well, when we went inside schools, we found something completely different.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู‹ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
04:53
On most days, most teachers were actually inside schools.
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ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ.
04:57
And when you spoke with them,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ
04:59
you realized they were perfectly capable of teaching elementary classes.
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ุชุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุคู‡ู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุตููˆู ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ.
05:03
But they were not teaching.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠูุฏุฑู‘ูุณูˆู†.
05:06
I went to a school
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ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
05:08
where the teachers were getting the construction of a classroom
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุดูŠุฏูˆู† ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุตููˆู
05:11
and a toilet supervised.
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ูˆูŠุดุฑููˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญุงุถ
05:13
I went to another school
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ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
05:15
where two of the teachers had gone to a nearby bank branch
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ุญูŠุซ ุฐู‡ุจ ุงุซู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ูุฑุน ุจู†ูƒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ
05:18
to deposit scholarship money into kids' accounts.
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ู„ุฅูŠุฏุงุน ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู…ู†ุญุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
05:21
At lunchtime, most teachers were spending all of their time
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ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุบุฏุงุกุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠู†ูู‚ูˆู† ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู…
05:25
getting the midday meal cooking, supervised and served to the students.
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ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุทุจุฎ ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ู…ู† ุฅุดุฑุงู ูˆุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ.
05:30
So we asked the teachers,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ
05:32
"What's going on, why are you not teaching?"
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"ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชูุฏุฑู‘ูุณูˆู†ุŸ "
05:35
And they said, "This is what's expected of us.
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง: "ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ู…ู†ุง.
05:38
When a supervisor comes to visit us,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุชู†ุงุŒ
05:40
these are exactly the things that he checks.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุชู‡ุง.
05:43
Has the toilet been made, has the meal been served.
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ู‡ู„ ุชู… ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญุงุถุŒ ูˆู‡ู„ ุชู… ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช.
05:45
When my principal goes to a meeting at headquarters,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุŒ
05:49
these are exactly the things which are discussed."
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชู… ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุชู‡ุง ".
05:52
You see, what had happened was, over the last two decades,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุŒ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†ุŒ
05:56
India had been fighting the challenge of access, having enough schools,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุชุญุงุฑุจ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ูˆุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูƒุงููŠุฉ
06:00
and enrollment, bringing children into the schools.
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ูˆุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ูˆุฅุญุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ.
06:03
So the government launched a whole host of programs
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุทู„ู‚ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ
06:06
to address these challenges,
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ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุชุŒ
06:08
and the teachers became the implicit executors of these programs.
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ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู†ูุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุถู…ู†ูŠูŠู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ.
06:13
Not explicitly, but implicitly.
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ู„ูŠุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุถู…ู†ูŠุงู‹.
06:16
And now, what was actually needed was not to actually train teachers further
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ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชุฏุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุฅุถุงููŠุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†
06:21
or to monitor their attendance
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุญุถูˆุฑู‡ู…
06:23
but to tell them that what is most important
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุฎุจุฑู‡ู… ุฃู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
06:27
is for them to go back inside classrooms and teach.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ.
06:30
They needed to be monitored and measured and awarded
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุฑุตุฏู‡ู… ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ู… ูˆู…ูƒุงูุฆุชู‡ู…
06:34
on the quality of teaching
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
06:35
and not on all sorts of other things.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
06:38
So as we went through the education system,
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ุฅุฐู† ูˆู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑู†ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
06:40
as we delved into it deeper, we found a few such core root causes
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ูุชุด ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
06:45
which were determining, which were shaping how people behaved in the system.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดูƒู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู….
06:49
And we realized that unless we change those specific things,
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ูˆุฃุฏุฑูƒู†ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ู†ุบูŠุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ
06:53
we could do a number of other things.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
06:55
We could train, we could put technology into schools,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ
06:58
but the system wouldn't change.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู„ู† ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ.
07:00
And addressing these non-obvious core issues
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ูˆู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
07:03
became a key part of the program.
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ุฃุตุจุญ ุฌุฒุกุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠุง ู‹ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ.
07:06
So, we had the goal and we had the issues,
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ุฅุฐุงุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฏู ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ุถุงูŠุงุŒ
07:09
and now we needed to figure out what the solutions were.
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„.
07:12
We obviously did not want to recreate the wheel,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ
07:15
so we said, "Let's look around and see what we can find."
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ "ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏู‡ ".
07:18
And we found these beautiful, small pilot experiments
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ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ
07:23
all over the country and all over the world.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ูˆููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
07:26
Small things being done by NGOs, being done by foundations.
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ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุชู†ุฌุฒู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู†ุฌุฒู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช.
07:30
But what was also interesting was that none of them actually scaled.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูŠุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุงู‹.
07:34
All of them were limited to 50, 100 or 500 schools.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ 50ุŒ 100 ุฃูˆ 500 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
07:37
And here, we were looking for a solution for 15,000 schools.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ู„ู„ุชูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู„ ู„15ุŒ000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
07:41
So we looked into why,
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุญุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ
07:42
if these things actually work, why don't they actually scale?
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุนู…ู„ ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฑู‚ู…ุง ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุงู‹ุŸ
07:46
What happens is that when a typical NGO comes in,
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ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉุŒ
07:49
they not only bring in their expertise
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุฌู„ุจ ุฎุจุฑุงุชู‡ุง ูู‚ุท
07:52
but they also bring in additional resources.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุฌู„ุจ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ.
07:54
So they might bring in money,
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุฌู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ
07:56
they might bring in people,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุฌู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
07:57
they might bring in technology.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุฌู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
07:59
And in the 50 or 100 schools that they actually operate in,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„50 ุฃูˆ 100 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจู‡ุงุŒ
08:04
those additional resources actually create a difference.
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ุฎู„ู‚ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูุฑู‚ุงู‹.
08:07
But now imagine that the head of this NGO
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู† ุฑุฆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ
08:10
goes to the head of the School Education Department
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ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
08:12
and says, "Hey, now let's do this for 15,000 schools."
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: " ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„15ุŒ000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ".
08:16
Where is that guy or girl going to find the money
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ุฃูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูุชุงุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูˆู ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
08:19
to actually scale this up to 15,000 schools?
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ู„ู†ุดุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุดู…ู„ 15ุŒ000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุŸ
08:22
He doesn't have the additional money,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ุงู‹ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉุŒ
08:24
he doesn't have the resources.
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ูˆู„ุงูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ.
08:25
And hence, innovations don't scale.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ูุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ .
08:28
So right at the beginning of the project, what we said was,
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ู„ุฐุง ูˆููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆุŒ
08:32
"Whatever we have to do has to be scalable,
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"ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุงู‹ุŒ
08:35
it has to work in all 15,000 schools."
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„15000 ".
08:38
And hence, it has to work within the existing budgets
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
08:42
and resources that the state actually has.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹.
08:45
Much easier said than done.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„.
08:47
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:48
I think this was definitely the point in time
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุธุฉ
08:51
when my team hated me.
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ูƒูุฑู‡ ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ูŠ.
08:52
We spent a lot of long hours in office, in cafรฉs,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุถูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู‡ูŠ
08:58
sometimes even in bars,
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ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุชุŒ
08:59
scratching out heads and saying,
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ู†ุญูƒ ุฑุคูˆุณู†ุง ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„:
09:01
"Where are the solutions, how are we going to solve this problem?"
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"ุฃูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ "
09:04
In the end, I think we did find solutions to many of the issues.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุญู„ูˆู„ุงู‹ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง.
09:08
I'll give you an example.
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ุณุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:10
In the context of effective learning,
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ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูุนุงู„ุŒ
09:12
one of the things people talk about is hands-on learning.
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ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ .
09:15
Children shouldn't memorize things from books,
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ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠุญูุธูˆุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ
09:17
they should do activities,
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุฃู†ุดุทุฉุŒ
09:19
and that's a more effective way to learn.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู….
09:21
Which basically means giving students things
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
09:23
like beads, learning rods, abacuses.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑุฒ ูˆู‚ุถุจุงู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงุฏ.
09:27
But we did not have the budgets to give that
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุช ู„ุชูˆููŠุฑู‡ุง
09:29
to 15,000 schools, 2 million children.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ 15000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุทูู„.
09:32
We needed another solution.
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ูƒู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู„ ุขุฎุฑ.
09:34
We couldn't think of anything.
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ู„ู… ู†ุณุชุทุน ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก.
09:36
One day, one of our team members went to a school
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ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุฐู‡ุจ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุนุถุงุก ูุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
09:39
and saw a teacher pick up sticks and stones from the garden outside
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ูˆุฑุฃู‰ ู…ูุนู„ู…ุง ูŠู„ุชู‚ุท ุงู„ุนุตูŠ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
09:43
and take them into the classroom
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ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ
09:45
and give them to the students.
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ูˆูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ.
09:47
That was a huge eureka moment for us.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง.
09:51
So what happens now in the textbooks in Haryana
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง
09:54
is that after every concept, we have a little box
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุฑุจุน ุตุบูŠุฑ
09:57
which are instructions for the teachers which say,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
09:59
"To teach this concept, here's an activity that you can do.
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"ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡.
10:03
And by the way, in order to actually do this activity,
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ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุทุŒ
10:06
here are things that you can use from your immediate environment,
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ูƒุŒ
10:10
whether it be the garden outside or the classroom inside,
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ุณูˆุงุกุงู‹ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
10:13
which can be used as learning aids for kids."
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ".
10:16
And we see teachers all over Haryana
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง
10:18
using lots of innovative things to be able to teach students.
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ.
10:22
So in this way, whatever we designed,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุŒ
10:26
we were actually able to implement it
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ูƒู†ุง ูุนู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ููŠุฐู‡
10:28
across all 15,000 schools from day one.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„15000 ุจุฏุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
10:32
Now, this brings me to my last point.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.
10:34
How do you implement something across 15,000 schools
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุดูŠุก ุนุจุฑ 15ุŒ000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
10:37
and 100,000 teachers?
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ูˆ 100ุŒ000 ู…ุนู„ู…ุงู‹ุŸ
10:40
The department used to have a process
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชุงุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ
10:42
which is very interesting.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู….
10:43
I like to call it "The Chain of Hope."
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจ ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ุจ "ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„".
10:48
They would write a letter from the headquarters
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑ
10:50
and send it to the next level,
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ูˆูŠุฑุณู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
10:52
which was the district offices.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒุงุชุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช.
10:54
They would hope that in each of these district offices,
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุฃู…ู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงุชุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ
10:56
an officer would get the letter, would open it, read it
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ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุจุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุชุญู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ุง
11:00
and then forward it to the next level,
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฅุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
11:02
which was the block offices.
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ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠุงุช.
11:05
And then you would hope that at the block office,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุฃู’ู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจุŒ
11:08
somebody else got the letter,
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ู‚ุฏ ุชูŽุณูŽู„ู‘ูŽู… ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉุŒ
11:10
opened it, read it and forwarded it eventually to the 15,000 principals.
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ูุชุญู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ูˆุฃุญุงู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„15ุŒ000 .
11:14
And then one would hope that the principals
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูุฅู† ู„ู„ู…ุฑุก ุฃู† ูŠุฃู…ู„ ุฃู† ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
11:17
got the letter, received it, understood it
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูˆูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง
11:19
and started implementing it.
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ูˆุจุฏุฃูˆุง ุจุชู†ููŠุฐู‡ุง.
11:21
It was a little bit ridiculous.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ุณุฎุฑูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹.
11:24
Now, we knew technology was the answer,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจุŒ
11:27
but we also knew that most of these schools
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
11:29
don't have a computer or email.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ.
11:32
However, what the teachers do have are smartphones.
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุฐูƒูŠุฉ.
11:35
They're constantly on SMS, on Facebook and on WhatsApp.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุตู„ูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ููŠุณุจูˆูƒ ูˆูˆุงุชุณุขุจ.
11:40
So what now happens in Haryana is,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง ู‡ูˆุŒ
11:42
all principals and teachers are divided into hundreds of WhatsApp groups
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ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ูˆู…ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู…ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุชุณุขุจ.
11:47
and anytime something needs to be communicated,
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ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุจู„ูŠุบ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุงุŒ
11:50
it's just posted across all WhatsApp groups.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุดุฑ ูู‚ุท ุนุจุฑ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ูˆุงุชุณุขุจ.
11:53
It spreads like wildfire.
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ููŠู†ุชุดุฑ ูƒุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุดูŠู….
11:55
You can immediately check who has received it,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชู„ู‚ูˆู‡ุŒ
11:58
who has read it.
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ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุฑุฃูˆู‡.
12:00
Teachers can ask clarification questions instantaneously.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ุทุฑุญ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ.
12:03
And what's interesting is,
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูˆุŒ
12:05
it's not just the headquarters who are answering these questions.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
12:08
Another teacher from a completely different part of the state
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ูŠู‚ูˆู… ู…ุนู„ู… ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ
12:11
will stand up and answer the question.
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ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„.
12:13
Everybody's acting as everybody's peer group,
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ูŠุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงู†ุŒ
12:16
and things are getting implemented.
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ูˆูŠุชู… ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
12:19
So today, when you go to a school in Haryana,
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุงุŒ
12:22
things look different.
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ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
12:23
The teachers are back inside classrooms,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ุŒ
12:26
they're teaching.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠูุฏุฑู‘ูŽุณูˆู†.
12:27
Often with innovative techniques.
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ูˆููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ.
12:29
When a supervisor comes to visit the classroom,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ุดุฑู ู…ุง ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
12:32
he or she not only checks the construction of the toilet
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฑุงู‚ุจ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุญุงุถ ูู‚ุท
12:36
but also what is the quality of teaching.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ.
12:40
Once a quarter, all students across the state
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฑุจุน ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ููŠ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ.
12:43
are assessed on their learning outcomes
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ูŠุชู… ุชู‚ูŠูŠู…ู‡ู… ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุชุนู„ู…ู‡ู…
12:45
and schools which are doing well are rewarded.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจู„ูŠ ุจู„ุงุกู‹ ุญุณู†ุง ู‹ ุชุชู… ู…ูƒุงูุฃุชู‡ุง.
12:48
And schools which are not doing so well
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฏุงุกู‡ุง ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹
12:50
find themselves having difficult conversations.
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ุชุฌุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชุฌุฑูŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุตุนุจุฉ.
12:53
Of course, they also get additional support
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ูˆุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุตู„ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุนู… ุฅุถุงููŠ
12:55
to be able to do better in the future.
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ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ุฃุฏุงุก ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
12:59
In the context of education,
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ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
13:00
it's very difficult to see results quickly.
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ูŠุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ.
13:03
When people talk about systemic, large-scale change,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู†ุธุงู…ูŠุŒ ูˆุงุณุน ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚ ุŒ
13:06
they talk about periods of 7 years and 10 years.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ูุชุฑุงุช 7 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆ 10 ุณู†ุฉ.
13:10
But not in Haryana.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง.
13:12
In the last one year, there have been three independent studies,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉุŒ
13:16
all measuring student learning outcomes,
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ุชู‡ุฏู ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ
13:18
which indicate that something fundamental,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงู‹ุŒ
13:21
something unique is happening in Haryana.
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ุดูŠุก ูุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง.
13:23
Learning levels of children have stopped declining,
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ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุชูˆู‚ูุช ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุŒ
13:26
and they have started going up.
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ูˆ ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน.
13:28
Haryana is one of the few states in the country
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ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ
13:31
which is showing an improvement,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุชุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
13:33
and certainly the one that is showing the fastest rate of improvement.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ุนุฏู„ ู„ู„ุชุญุณู†.
13:38
These are still early signs,
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ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉุŒ
13:39
there's a long way to go,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุนู‡ุŒ
13:40
but this gives us a lot of hope for the future.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
13:44
I recently went to a school,
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ุฐู‡ุจุช ู…ุคุฎุฑุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
13:46
and as I was leaving,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉุŒ
13:48
I ran into a lady,
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ุตุงุฏูุช ุณูŠุฏุฉุŒ
13:49
her name was Parvati,
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ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุงุฑูุงุชูŠุŒ
13:50
she was the mother of a child,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุฉ ู„ุทูู„ุŒ
13:52
and she was smiling.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุชุณู….
13:53
And I said, "Why are you smiling, what's going on?"
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ูˆู‚ู„ุช: "ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุจุชุณู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ุŸ"
13:56
And she said, "I don't know what's going on,
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช: "ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ุŒ
13:59
but what I do know is that my children are learning,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุทูุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
14:02
they're having fun,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชู…ุชุนูˆู†ุŒ
14:04
and for the time being, I'll stop my search for a private school
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑุŒ ุณุฃูˆู‚ู ุจุญุซูŠ ุนู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ
14:07
to send them to."
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ู„ุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ".
14:09
So I go back to where I started:
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจู‡:
14:11
Can government systems transform?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฃู† ุชุชุบูŠุฑุŸ
14:14
I certainly believe so.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒู„ ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ .
14:15
I think if you give them the right levers,
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุงูุนุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ
14:17
they can move mountains.
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„.
14:19
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง.
14:20
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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