How to fix a broken education system ... without any more money | Seema Bansal

268,601 views ใƒป 2016-07-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Niv Morgenstern ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
So we all have our own biases.
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ืื– ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
00:15
For example, some of us tend to think
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:17
that it's very difficult to transform failing government systems.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืœื•ืช.
00:21
When we think of government systems,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช,
00:23
we tend to think that they're archaic, set in their ways,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื›ืื™ื•ืช, ืชืงื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ืŸ,
00:27
and perhaps, the leadership is just too bureaucratic
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ื•ืื•ืœื™, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช
00:29
to be able to change things.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:32
Well, today, I want to challenge that theory.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”.
00:35
I want to tell you a story of a very large government system
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“
00:39
that has not only put itself on the path of reform
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื”
00:43
but has also shown fairly spectacular results
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืจืืชื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™
00:46
in less than three years.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:48
This is what a classroom in a public school in India looks like.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
00:53
There are 1 million such schools in India.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืืœื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
00:55
And even for me, who's lived in India all her life,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™, ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™,
00:59
walking into one of these schools is fairly heartbreaking.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืœืœื•.
01:03
By the time kids are 11,
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ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ 11,
01:05
50 percent of them have fallen so far behind in their education
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50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื
01:09
that they have no hope to recover.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื.
01:11
11-year-olds cannot do simple addition,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 11 ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
01:14
they cannot construct a grammatically correct sentence.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช.
01:17
These are things that you and I would expect an 8-year-old
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ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื•ืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 8
01:21
to be able to do.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข.
01:22
By the time kids are 13 or 14,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 13 ืื• 14,
01:25
they tend to drop out of schools.
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ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:28
In India, public schools not only offer free education --
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ื™ื ื--
01:31
they offer free textbooks, free workbooks, free meals,
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ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื™ื ื, ืกืคืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื ื, ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื,
01:35
sometimes even cash scholarships.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื’ื•ืช.
01:37
And yet, 40 percent of the parents today
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:40
are choosing to pull their children out of public schools
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ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
01:43
and pay out of their pockets to put them in private schools.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืกื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:47
As a comparison, in a far richer country, the US,
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ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืจื”"ื‘,
01:51
that number is only 10 percent.
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ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:53
That's a huge statement on how broken the Indian public education system is.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”.
01:59
So it was with that background that I got a call in the summer of 2013
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขื ืจืงืข ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2013
02:03
from an absolutely brilliant lady called Surina Rajan.
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ืžืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืฉืžื” ืกื•ืจื™ื ื” ืจืื’'ืืŸ.
02:07
She was, at that time, the head of the Department of School Education
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™
02:11
in a state called Haryana in India.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
02:14
So she said to us, "Look, I've been heading this department
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื ื•, "ืชืจืื•, ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื”
02:17
for the last two years.
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ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:18
I've tried a number of things, and nothing seems to work.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ,
02:22
Can you possibly help?"
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ?"
02:24
Let me describe Haryana a little bit to you.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
02:27
Haryana is a state which has 30 million people.
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ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” 30 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:31
It has 15,000 public schools
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” 15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
02:34
and 2 million plus children in those public schools.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
02:38
So basically, with that phone call,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
02:40
I promised to help a state and system
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ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช
02:43
which was as large as that of Peru or Canada transform itself.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื• ืื• ืงื ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
02:48
As I started this project, I was very painfully aware of two things.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:52
One, that I had never done anything like this before.
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ืื—ื“, ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
02:55
And two, many others had, perhaps without too much success.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืฉื•, ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ืชืจื”.
03:00
As my colleagues and I looked across the country
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
03:03
and across the world,
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ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
03:04
we couldn't find another example
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืจืช
03:06
that we could just pick up and replicate in Haryana.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืืžืฅ ื•ืœืฉื›ืคืœ ื‘ืจื™ื”ืื ื”.
03:09
We knew that we had to craft our own journey.
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ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื ื•.
03:12
But anyway, we jumped right in and as we jumped in,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืงืคืฆื ื• ื™ืฉืจ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืคืฆื ื• ืคื ื™ืžื”,
03:15
all sorts of ideas started flying at us.
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ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขื•ืฃ ืœืขื‘ืจื ื•.
03:18
People said, "Let's change the way we recruit teachers,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•, "ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื,
03:21
let's hire new principals and train them
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืชื
03:24
and send them on international learning tours,
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ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื ืœืžืกืข ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
03:26
let's put technology inside classrooms."
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื›ื ื™ืก ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช."
03:29
By the end of week one, we had 50 ideas on the table,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 50 ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
03:31
all amazing, all sounded right.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืขื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
03:34
There was no way we were going to be able to implement 50 things.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื 50 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:39
So I said, "Hang on, stop.
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, "ื—ื›ื• ืจื’ืข, ืขืฆืจื•".
03:41
Let's first at least decide what is it we're trying to achieve."
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’."
03:44
So with a lot of push and pull and debate,
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ืื– ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื,
03:47
Haryana set itself a goal which said: by 2020,
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ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื™ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ: ืขื“ 2020,
03:51
we want 80 percent of our children to be at grade-level knowledge.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:55
Now the specifics of the goal don't matter here,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ,
03:58
but what matters is how specific the goal is.
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื™ืขื“.
04:01
Because it really allowed us to take all those ideas
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
04:04
which were being thrown at us
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ืืฉืจ ื ื–ืจืงื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
04:06
and say which ones we were going to implement.
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื.
04:08
Does this idea support this goal? If yes, let's keep it.
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ื”ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืžืš ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”? ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
04:12
But if it doesn't or we're not sure, then let's put it aside.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื“.
04:16
As simple as it sounds, having a very specific goal right up front
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ื›ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืžื•ืœื ื•
04:20
has really allowed us to be very sharp and focused
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืงืกื™ื
04:24
in our transformation journey.
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ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:25
And looking back over the last two and a half years,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
04:28
that has been a huge positive for us.
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ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
04:31
So we had the goal,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”,
04:32
and now we needed to figure out what are the issues, what is broken.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจ.
04:37
Before we went into schools, a lot of people told us
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•
04:39
that education quality is poor
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ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ืžื•ื›ื”
04:41
because either the teachers are lazy, they don't come into schools,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆืœื ื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ,
04:45
or they're incapable, they actually don't know how to teach.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืœืžื“.
04:49
Well, when we went inside schools, we found something completely different.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
04:53
On most days, most teachers were actually inside schools.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
04:57
And when you spoke with them,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ืื™ืชื,
04:59
you realized they were perfectly capable of teaching elementary classes.
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ื”ื‘ื ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.
05:03
But they were not teaching.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื•.
05:06
I went to a school
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
05:08
where the teachers were getting the construction of a classroom
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื”
05:11
and a toilet supervised.
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ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
05:13
I went to another school
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ืจ
05:15
where two of the teachers had gone to a nearby bank branch
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืกื ื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืง ืกืžื•ืš
05:18
to deposit scholarship money into kids' accounts.
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ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
05:21
At lunchtime, most teachers were spending all of their time
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ื‘ื”ืคืกืงืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื
05:25
getting the midday meal cooking, supervised and served to the students.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ืฉื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ืืžืฆืข ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:30
So we asked the teachers,
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ืื– ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื,
05:32
"What's going on, why are you not teaching?"
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"ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื?"
05:35
And they said, "This is what's expected of us.
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
05:38
When a supervisor comes to visit us,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืคืงื— ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื ื•,
05:40
these are exactly the things that he checks.
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ืืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง.
05:43
Has the toilet been made, has the meal been served.
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ื”ืื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ืงื•, ื”ืื ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื•.
05:45
When my principal goes to a meeting at headquarters,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ื”,
05:49
these are exactly the things which are discussed."
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ืืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื™ื."
05:52
You see, what had happened was, over the last two decades,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
05:56
India had been fighting the challenge of access, having enough schools,
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ื”ื•ื“ื• ื ืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ,
06:00
and enrollment, bringing children into the schools.
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ื•ื”ืจืฉืžื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
06:03
So the government launched a whole host of programs
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื–ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
06:06
to address these challenges,
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ืฉื™ืคื ื• ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
06:08
and the teachers became the implicit executors of these programs.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:13
Not explicitly, but implicitly.
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ืœื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ืืœื ื‘ืžืฉืชืžืข.
06:16
And now, what was actually needed was not to actually train teachers further
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ื•ื›ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:21
or to monitor their attendance
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ืื• ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:23
but to tell them that what is most important
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ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
06:27
is for them to go back inside classrooms and teach.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื“.
06:30
They needed to be monitored and measured and awarded
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื“ื“ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื
06:34
on the quality of teaching
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ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”
06:35
and not on all sorts of other things.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:38
So as we went through the education system,
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ืื– ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
06:40
as we delved into it deeper, we found a few such core root causes
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืžืงื ื• ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื•ืช
06:45
which were determining, which were shaping how people behaved in the system.
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ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืขื•, ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช.
06:49
And we realized that unless we change those specific things,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืืœื ื›ืŸ ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
06:53
we could do a number of other things.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:55
We could train, we could put technology into schools,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืžืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ,
06:58
but the system wouldn't change.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ืชืฉืชื ื”.
07:00
And addressing these non-obvious core issues
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ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
07:03
became a key part of the program.
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ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
07:06
So, we had the goal and we had the issues,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
07:09
and now we needed to figure out what the solutions were.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
07:12
We obviously did not want to recreate the wheel,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ,
07:15
so we said, "Let's look around and see what we can find."
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, "ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื."
07:18
And we found these beautiful, small pilot experiments
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ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื”ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
07:23
all over the country and all over the world.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:26
Small things being done by NGOs, being done by foundations.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ืงืจื ื•ืช.
07:30
But what was also interesting was that none of them actually scaled.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
07:34
All of them were limited to 50, 100 or 500 schools.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœ-50, 100 ืื• 500 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
07:37
And here, we were looking for a solution for 15,000 schools.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
07:41
So we looked into why,
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื“ื•ืข,
07:42
if these things actually work, why don't they actually scale?
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ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื”?
07:46
What happens is that when a typical NGO comes in,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื’ื™ืข,
07:49
they not only bring in their expertise
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
07:52
but they also bring in additional resources.
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ืืœื ื”ื ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
07:54
So they might bring in money,
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ืื– ื”ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ืกืฃ,
07:56
they might bring in people,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื,
07:57
they might bring in technology.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
07:59
And in the 50 or 100 schools that they actually operate in,
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ื•ื‘-50 ืื• 100 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
08:04
those additional resources actually create a difference.
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
08:07
But now imagine that the head of this NGO
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”
08:10
goes to the head of the School Education Department
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
08:12
and says, "Hey, now let's do this for 15,000 schools."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœ-15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ."
08:16
Where is that guy or girl going to find the money
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ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ
08:19
to actually scale this up to 15,000 schools?
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ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืœ-15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ?
08:22
He doesn't have the additional money,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ,
08:24
he doesn't have the resources.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
08:25
And hence, innovations don't scale.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
08:28
So right at the beginning of the project, what we said was,
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ืื– ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื”ื™ื”,
08:32
"Whatever we have to do has to be scalable,
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"ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘,
08:35
it has to work in all 15,000 schools."
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ 15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ".
08:38
And hence, it has to work within the existing budgets
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื
08:42
and resources that the state actually has.
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ.
08:45
Much easier said than done.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข.
08:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:48
I think this was definitely the point in time
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
08:51
when my team hated me.
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ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ื ืื•ืชื™.
08:52
We spent a lot of long hours in office, in cafรฉs,
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื”,
08:58
sometimes even in bars,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื,
08:59
scratching out heads and saying,
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ืžื’ืจื“ื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
09:01
"Where are the solutions, how are we going to solve this problem?"
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"ืื™ืคื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?"
09:04
In the end, I think we did find solutions to many of the issues.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
09:08
I'll give you an example.
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ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
09:10
In the context of effective learning,
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
09:12
one of the things people talk about is hands-on learning.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช.
09:15
Children shouldn't memorize things from books,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื,
09:17
they should do activities,
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
09:19
and that's a more effective way to learn.
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืงืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“.
09:21
Which basically means giving students things
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืชืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
09:23
like beads, learning rods, abacuses.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื, ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื”.
09:27
But we did not have the budgets to give that
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืืช ื–ื”
09:29
to 15,000 schools, 2 million children.
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ืœ-15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, 2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
09:32
We needed another solution.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
09:34
We couldn't think of anything.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:36
One day, one of our team members went to a school
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
09:39
and saw a teacher pick up sticks and stones from the garden outside
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ื•ืจืื” ืžื•ืจื” ืื•ืกืคืช ืžืงืœื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
09:43
and take them into the classroom
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ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืชื”
09:45
and give them to the students.
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ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
09:47
That was a huge eureka moment for us.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข "ืืื•ืจืงื”" ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
09:51
So what happens now in the textbooks in Haryana
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืจื™ืื ื”
09:54
is that after every concept, we have a little box
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงื˜ื ื”
09:57
which are instructions for the teachers which say,
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ืืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื•ืช,
09:59
"To teach this concept, here's an activity that you can do.
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"ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
10:03
And by the way, in order to actually do this activity,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•,
10:06
here are things that you can use from your immediate environment,
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ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœืš,
10:10
whether it be the garden outside or the classroom inside,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
10:13
which can be used as learning aids for kids."
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ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื–ืจื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื."
10:16
And we see teachers all over Haryana
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ืื ื”
10:18
using lots of innovative things to be able to teach students.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
10:22
So in this way, whatever we designed,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื•,
10:26
we were actually able to implement it
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื•
10:28
across all 15,000 schools from day one.
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ื‘ื›ืœ 15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
10:32
Now, this brings me to my last point.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
10:34
How do you implement something across 15,000 schools
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ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘-15,000 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ
10:37
and 100,000 teachers?
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ื•-100,000 ืžื•ืจื™ื?
10:40
The department used to have a process
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ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš
10:42
which is very interesting.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:43
I like to call it "The Chain of Hope."
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• "ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”".
10:48
They would write a letter from the headquarters
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืžื˜ื”
10:50
and send it to the next level,
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ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
10:52
which was the district offices.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–.
10:54
They would hope that in each of these district offices,
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ื”ื ืงื™ื•ื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืœืœื•,
10:56
an officer would get the letter, would open it, read it
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ืื—ืจืื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื™ืคืชื— ืื•ืชื•, ื™ืงืจื ืื•ืชื•
11:00
and then forward it to the next level,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
11:02
which was the block offices.
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ืฉื–ื• ืจืžืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™.
11:05
And then you would hope that at the block office,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™,
11:08
somebody else got the letter,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘,
11:10
opened it, read it and forwarded it eventually to the 15,000 principals.
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ืคืชื— ืื•ืชื•, ืงืจื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœ-15,000 ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื.
11:14
And then one would hope that the principals
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ื•ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื
11:17
got the letter, received it, understood it
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื•
11:19
and started implementing it.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื•.
11:21
It was a little bit ridiculous.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
11:24
Now, we knew technology was the answer,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
11:27
but we also knew that most of these schools
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ืืš ื’ื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ
11:29
don't have a computer or email.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื• ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
11:32
However, what the teachers do have are smartphones.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
11:35
They're constantly on SMS, on Facebook and on WhatsApp.
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ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค.
11:40
So what now happens in Haryana is,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ื–ื”,
11:42
all principals and teachers are divided into hundreds of WhatsApp groups
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืžืื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค
11:47
and anytime something needs to be communicated,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื“ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•,
11:50
it's just posted across all WhatsApp groups.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืœื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค.
11:53
It spreads like wildfire.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื›ืžื• ืืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืงื•ืฆื™ื.
11:55
You can immediately check who has received it,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”,
11:58
who has read it.
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ืžื™ ืงืจื ืืช ื–ื”.
12:00
Teachers can ask clarification questions instantaneously.
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ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ืช.
12:03
And what's interesting is,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื,
12:05
it's not just the headquarters who are answering these questions.
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ืžื˜ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
12:08
Another teacher from a completely different part of the state
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ืžื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
12:11
will stand up and answer the question.
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ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช.
12:13
Everybody's acting as everybody's peer group,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื,
12:16
and things are getting implemented.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื.
12:19
So today, when you go to a school in Haryana,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ืื ื”,
12:22
things look different.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
12:23
The teachers are back inside classrooms,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช,
12:26
they're teaching.
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ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื.
12:27
Often with innovative techniques.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
12:29
When a supervisor comes to visit the classroom,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืงื— ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
12:32
he or she not only checks the construction of the toilet
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ื”ื™ื ืื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
12:36
but also what is the quality of teaching.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”.
12:40
Once a quarter, all students across the state
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ืคืขื ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
12:43
are assessed on their learning outcomes
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ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื
12:45
and schools which are doing well are rewarded.
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื.
12:48
And schools which are not doing so well
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
12:50
find themselves having difficult conversations.
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
12:53
Of course, they also get additional support
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
12:55
to be able to do better in the future.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชืคืจื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
12:59
In the context of education,
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
13:00
it's very difficult to see results quickly.
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ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
13:03
When people talk about systemic, large-scale change,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ,
13:06
they talk about periods of 7 years and 10 years.
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ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ 7 ื•-10 ืฉื ื™ื.
13:10
But not in Haryana.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื”ืจื™ืื ื”
13:12
In the last one year, there have been three independent studies,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื,
13:16
all measuring student learning outcomes,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
13:18
which indicate that something fundamental,
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ืืœื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,
13:21
something unique is happening in Haryana.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ืื ื”.
13:23
Learning levels of children have stopped declining,
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ืจืžืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืจื“ืช,
13:26
and they have started going up.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”.
13:28
Haryana is one of the few states in the country
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ื”ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
13:31
which is showing an improvement,
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ืฉืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ,
13:33
and certainly the one that is showing the fastest rate of improvement.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื• ืฉืžืจืื” ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:38
These are still early signs,
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ืืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื,
13:39
there's a long way to go,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช,
13:40
but this gives us a lot of hope for the future.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“.
13:44
I recently went to a school,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
13:46
and as I was leaving,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื–ื‘ืชื™,
13:48
I ran into a lady,
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืฉื”,
13:49
her name was Parvati,
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ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™,
13:50
she was the mother of a child,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“,
13:52
and she was smiling.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื›ื”.
13:53
And I said, "Why are you smiling, what's going on?"
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”, "ืœืžื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ืช, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?"
13:56
And she said, "I don't know what's going on,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
13:59
but what I do know is that my children are learning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
14:02
they're having fun,
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ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื,
14:04
and for the time being, I'll stop my search for a private school
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™
14:07
to send them to."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื ืืœื™ื•."
14:09
So I go back to where I started:
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™:
14:11
Can government systems transform?
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ื”ืื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?
14:14
I certainly believe so.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš.
14:15
I think if you give them the right levers,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
14:17
they can move mountains.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื”ืจื™ื.
14:19
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
14:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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