How to fix a broken education system ... without any more money | Seema Bansal

267,290 views ใƒป 2016-07-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sophie KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sungho Yoo
00:12
So we all have our own biases.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
For example, some of us tend to think
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:17
that it's very difficult to transform failing government systems.
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๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
00:21
When we think of government systems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
00:23
we tend to think that they're archaic, set in their ways,
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๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:27
and perhaps, the leadership is just too bureaucratic
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
00:29
to be able to change things.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Well, today, I want to challenge that theory.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I want to tell you a story of a very large government system
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ
00:39
that has not only put itself on the path of reform
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๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๊ธธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:43
but has also shown fairly spectacular results
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๊ฝค ๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
in less than three years.
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3๋…„๋„ ์•ˆ ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:48
This is what a classroom in a public school in India looks like.
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์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ธ๋„ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
There are 1 million such schools in India.
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ 100๋งŒ ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
And even for me, who's lived in India all her life,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ด์•„ ์˜จ ์ €๋„
00:59
walking into one of these schools is fairly heartbreaking.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ฐœ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
By the time kids are 11,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด 11์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
01:05
50 percent of them have fallen so far behind in their education
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50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋’ค์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
that they have no hope to recover.
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ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ฃ .
01:11
11-year-olds cannot do simple addition,
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11์‚ด๋œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ง์…ˆ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:14
they cannot construct a grammatically correct sentence.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
These are things that you and I would expect an 8-year-old
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8์‚ด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:21
to be able to do.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:22
By the time kids are 13 or 14,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด 13์‚ด ๋˜๋Š” 14์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
01:25
they tend to drop out of schools.
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
In India, public schools not only offer free education --
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:31
they offer free textbooks, free workbooks, free meals,
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ, ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘, ์‹์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
sometimes even cash scholarships.
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์ข…์ข… ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:37
And yet, 40 percent of the parents today
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค 40ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š”
01:40
are choosing to pull their children out of public schools
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์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
01:43
and pay out of their pockets to put them in private schools.
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์ž๋น„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
As a comparison, in a far richer country, the US,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:51
that number is only 10 percent.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
That's a huge statement on how broken the Indian public education system is.
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๊ต์œก์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So it was with that background that I got a call in the summer of 2013
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 2013๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ „ํ™” ํ•œํ†ต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
from an absolutely brilliant lady called Surina Rajan.
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ž”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:07
She was, at that time, the head of the Department of School Education
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
in a state called Haryana in India.
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02:14
So she said to us, "Look, I've been heading this department
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
"๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ตœ๊ทผ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:17
for the last two years.
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02:18
I've tried a number of things, and nothing seems to work.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:22
Can you possibly help?"
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋„์™€ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
02:24
Let me describe Haryana a little bit to you.
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:27
Haryana is a state which has 30 million people.
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
It has 15,000 public schools
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1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:34
and 2 million plus children in those public schools.
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2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
So basically, with that phone call,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
02:40
I promised to help a state and system
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ์™€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
which was as large as that of Peru or Canada transform itself.
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ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:48
As I started this project, I was very painfully aware of two things.
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์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
One, that I had never done anything like this before.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And two, many others had, perhaps without too much success.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:00
As my colleagues and I looked across the country
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์—ญ๊ณผ
03:03
and across the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
we couldn't find another example
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
03:06
that we could just pick up and replicate in Haryana.
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We knew that we had to craft our own journey.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:12
But anyway, we jumped right in and as we jumped in,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์ž๋งˆ์ž
03:15
all sorts of ideas started flying at us.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:18
People said, "Let's change the way we recruit teachers,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰์‹œ๋‹ค."
03:21
let's hire new principals and train them
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"์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ต์žฅ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค."
03:24
and send them on international learning tours,
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03:26
let's put technology inside classrooms."
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"๊ต์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹ฌ์์‹œ๋‹ค."
03:29
By the end of week one, we had 50 ideas on the table,
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์ฒซ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต์— 50๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
03:31
all amazing, all sounded right.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
There was no way we were going to be able to implement 50 things.
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50๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
So I said, "Hang on, stop.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”. ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์š”."
03:41
Let's first at least decide what is it we're trying to achieve."
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"์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."
03:44
So with a lot of push and pull and debate,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋์—
03:47
Haryana set itself a goal which said: by 2020,
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ด๋“ค 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค."
03:51
we want 80 percent of our children to be at grade-level knowledge.
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03:55
Now the specifics of the goal don't matter here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
but what matters is how specific the goal is.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Because it really allowed us to take all those ideas
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๋ฉด ๋˜์ ธ์ง„ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
04:04
which were being thrown at us
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04:06
and say which ones we were going to implement.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Does this idea support this goal? If yes, let's keep it.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:12
But if it doesn't or we're not sure, then let's put it aside.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ์ณ๋†“์์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:16
As simple as it sounds, having a very specific goal right up front
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋งŒํผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด์— ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด
04:20
has really allowed us to be very sharp and focused
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
in our transformation journey.
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04:25
And looking back over the last two and a half years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:28
that has been a huge positive for us.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So we had the goal,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:32
and now we needed to figure out what are the issues, what is broken.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Before we went into schools, a lot of people told us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
that education quality is poor
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๊ต์œก ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋‹ค.
04:41
because either the teachers are lazy, they don't come into schools,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
04:45
or they're incapable, they actually don't know how to teach.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
04:49
Well, when we went inside schools, we found something completely different.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
On most days, most teachers were actually inside schools.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚ ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And when you spoke with them,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด
04:59
you realized they were perfectly capable of teaching elementary classes.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But they were not teaching.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
I went to a school
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
where the teachers were getting the construction of a classroom
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์„
05:11
and a toilet supervised.
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๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
I went to another school
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
where two of the teachers had gone to a nearby bank branch
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์€ํ–‰ ์ง€์ ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
to deposit scholarship money into kids' accounts.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
05:21
At lunchtime, most teachers were spending all of their time
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
05:25
getting the midday meal cooking, supervised and served to the students.
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์ ์‹ฌ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹์„ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
So we asked the teachers,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
"What's going on, why are you not teaching?"
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"๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์—์š”? ์™œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”?"
05:35
And they said, "This is what's expected of us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:38
When a supervisor comes to visit us,
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๊ฐ๋…๊ด€์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ
05:40
these are exactly the things that he checks.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด์š”.
05:43
Has the toilet been made, has the meal been served.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€. ์‹์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€.
05:45
When my principal goes to a meeting at headquarters,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์žฅ์ด ๋ณธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ
05:49
these are exactly the things which are discussed."
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋…ผ๋ผ์š”."
05:52
You see, what had happened was, over the last two decades,
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์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ง€๋‚œ ์ด์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„์š”.
05:56
India had been fighting the challenge of access, having enough schools,
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์ „๊ณผ ์‹ธ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
06:00
and enrollment, bringing children into the schools.
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์ž…ํ•™, ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:03
So the government launched a whole host of programs
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
to address these challenges,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์ „์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:08
and the teachers became the implicit executors of these programs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์˜ ์•”์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ง‘ํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Not explicitly, but implicitly.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•”์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
06:16
And now, what was actually needed was not to actually train teachers further
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
06:21
or to monitor their attendance
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์ถœ์„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
but to tell them that what is most important
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:27
is for them to go back inside classrooms and teach.
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๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
They needed to be monitored and measured and awarded
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žก๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:34
on the quality of teaching
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๊ฐ๋…๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ณ 
06:35
and not on all sorts of other things.
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๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
So as we went through the education system,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
06:40
as we delved into it deeper, we found a few such core root causes
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๋” ๊นŠ์ด ํŒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
which were determining, which were shaping how people behaved in the system.
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์ œ๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
And we realized that unless we change those specific things,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
06:53
we could do a number of other things.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
We could train, we could put technology into schools,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
but the system wouldn't change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And addressing these non-obvious core issues
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:03
became a key part of the program.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So, we had the goal and we had the issues,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
and now we needed to figure out what the solutions were.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
We obviously did not want to recreate the wheel,
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
so we said, "Let's look around and see what we can find."
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"์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:18
And we found these beautiful, small pilot experiments
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
all over the country and all over the world.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์—ญ๊ณผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์š”.
07:26
Small things being done by NGOs, being done by foundations.
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๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
But what was also interesting was that none of them actually scaled.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
All of them were limited to 50, 100 or 500 schools.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 50๊ณณ, 100๊ณณ, 500๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And here, we were looking for a solution for 15,000 schools.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ์“ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So we looked into why,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
if these things actually work, why don't they actually scale?
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:46
What happens is that when a typical NGO comes in,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
they not only bring in their expertise
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
but they also bring in additional resources.
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๋˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ฃ .
07:54
So they might bring in money,
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๋ˆ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
they might bring in people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:57
they might bring in technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And in the 50 or 100 schools that they actually operate in,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  50๊ณณ์ด๋‚˜ 100๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
those additional resources actually create a difference.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž์›๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ์š”.
08:07
But now imagine that the head of this NGO
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ด ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:10
goes to the head of the School Education Department
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08:12
and says, "Hey, now let's do this for 15,000 schools."
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"์ด์ œ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ด๊ฑธ ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:16
Where is that guy or girl going to find the money
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๊ทธ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:19
to actually scale this up to 15,000 schools?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:22
He doesn't have the additional money,
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๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
he doesn't have the resources.
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์ž์›์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
And hence, innovations don't scale.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
So right at the beginning of the project, what we said was,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:32
"Whatever we have to do has to be scalable,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
08:35
it has to work in all 15,000 schools."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
08:38
And hence, it has to work within the existing budgets
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
08:42
and resources that the state actually has.
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์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ ธ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค."
08:45
Much easier said than done.
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๋ง์€ ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
08:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:48
I think this was definitely the point in time
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ๋•Œ
08:51
when my team hated me.
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์›Œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:52
We spent a lot of long hours in office, in cafรฉs,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ, ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ,
08:58
sometimes even in bars,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
scratching out heads and saying,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:01
"Where are the solutions, how are we going to solve this problem?"
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"ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
09:04
In the end, I think we did find solutions to many of the issues.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
I'll give you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:10
In the context of effective learning,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
09:12
one of the things people talk about is hands-on learning.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Children shouldn't memorize things from books,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”๊ธฐํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
they should do activities,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
and that's a more effective way to learn.
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์ข€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Which basically means giving students things
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:23
like beads, learning rods, abacuses.
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๊ตฌ์Šฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
But we did not have the budgets to give that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
to 15,000 schools, 2 million children.
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1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต, 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด์š”.
09:32
We needed another solution.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
We couldn't think of anything.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
09:36
One day, one of our team members went to a school
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์›์ด ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
and saw a teacher pick up sticks and stones from the garden outside
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ์„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ฃผ์›Œ์„œ
09:43
and take them into the classroom
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๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€
09:45
and give them to the students.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
That was a huge eureka moment for us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” '๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ์•ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So what happens now in the textbooks in Haryana
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
09:54
is that after every concept, we have a little box
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๋งค ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
which are instructions for the teachers which say,
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์ƒ์ž์—๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
"To teach this concept, here's an activity that you can do.
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"์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
And by the way, in order to actually do this activity,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
10:06
here are things that you can use from your immediate environment,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
whether it be the garden outside or the classroom inside,
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๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์›์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:13
which can be used as learning aids for kids."
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:16
And we see teachers all over Haryana
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:18
using lots of innovative things to be able to teach students.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So in this way, whatever we designed,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
10:26
we were actually able to implement it
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
across all 15,000 schools from day one.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์š”.
10:32
Now, this brings me to my last point.
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ง€๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
How do you implement something across 15,000 schools
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์™€ 10๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ
10:37
and 100,000 teachers?
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:40
The department used to have a process
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๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
which is very interesting.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด๋ฐ์š”.
10:43
I like to call it "The Chain of Hope."
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'ํฌ๋ง์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
10:48
They would write a letter from the headquarters
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๋ณธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
and send it to the next level,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃ .
10:52
which was the district offices.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒญ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
They would hope that in each of these district offices,
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์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒญ์—์„œ
10:56
an officer would get the letter, would open it, read it
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ด€์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ฝ๊ณ 
11:00
and then forward it to the next level,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
which was the block offices.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒญ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
And then you would hope that at the block office,
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๊ตฌ์ฒญ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„
11:08
somebody else got the letter,
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์—ด์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€
11:10
opened it, read it and forwarded it eventually to the 15,000 principals.
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1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ต์žฅ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธธ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And then one would hope that the principals
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ต์žฅ๋“ค์ด
11:17
got the letter, received it, understood it
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ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด
11:19
and started implementing it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:21
It was a little bit ridiculous.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Now, we knew technology was the answer,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
but we also knew that most of these schools
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€
11:29
don't have a computer or email.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
11:32
However, what the teachers do have are smartphones.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
They're constantly on SMS, on Facebook and on WhatsApp.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:40
So what now happens in Haryana is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:42
all principals and teachers are divided into hundreds of WhatsApp groups
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๊ต์žฅ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
and anytime something needs to be communicated,
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์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œํ†ต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:50
it's just posted across all WhatsApp groups.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
It spreads like wildfire.
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์‚ฝ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:55
You can immediately check who has received it,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
who has read it.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
12:00
Teachers can ask clarification questions instantaneously.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
And what's interesting is,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
12:05
it's not just the headquarters who are answering these questions.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ๋ถ€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Another teacher from a completely different part of the state
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋„
12:11
will stand up and answer the question.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Everybody's acting as everybody's peer group,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:16
and things are getting implemented.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
So today, when you go to a school in Haryana,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:22
things look different.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
The teachers are back inside classrooms,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
they're teaching.
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:27
Often with innovative techniques.
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์ข…์ข… ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
When a supervisor comes to visit the classroom,
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๊ฐ๋…๊ด€์ด ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
12:32
he or she not only checks the construction of the toilet
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์ง€์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:36
but also what is the quality of teaching.
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Once a quarter, all students across the state
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4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฃผ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด
12:43
are assessed on their learning outcomes
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
and schools which are doing well are rewarded.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And schools which are not doing so well
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์ž˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๋Š”
12:50
find themselves having difficult conversations.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Of course, they also get additional support
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ง€์›๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
to be able to do better in the future.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
12:59
In the context of education,
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
13:00
it's very difficult to see results quickly.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
When people talk about systemic, large-scale change,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
13:06
they talk about periods of 7 years and 10 years.
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7๋…„๊ณผ 10๋…„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
But not in Haryana.
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
In the last one year, there have been three independent studies,
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์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์„ธ ๊ฑด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
all measuring student learning outcomes,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:18
which indicate that something fundamental,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด, ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ผ์ด
13:21
something unique is happening in Haryana.
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
Learning levels of children have stopped declining,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:26
and they have started going up.
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Haryana is one of the few states in the country
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
13:31
which is showing an improvement,
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๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
and certainly the one that is showing the fastest rate of improvement.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
These are still early signs,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:39
there's a long way to go,
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๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
but this gives us a lot of hope for the future.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋กœ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
I recently went to a school,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
and as I was leaving,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
13:48
I ran into a lady,
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ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์ณค์–ด์š”.
13:49
her name was Parvati,
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์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํŒŒ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์˜€๊ณ 
13:50
she was the mother of a child,
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜ ์—„๋งˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
and she was smiling.
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๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:53
And I said, "Why are you smiling, what's going on?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™œ ์›ƒ์–ด์š”? ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์—์š”?"
13:56
And she said, "I don't know what's going on,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
13:59
but what I do know is that my children are learning,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€์š”. ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:02
they're having fun,
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:04
and for the time being, I'll stop my search for a private school
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์„
14:07
to send them to."
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๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”."
14:09
So I go back to where I started:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Can government systems transform?
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์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:14
I certainly believe so.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
I think if you give them the right levers,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:17
they can move mountains.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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