How to fix a broken education system ... without any more money | Seema Bansal

267,673 views

2016-07-20 ・ TED


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How to fix a broken education system ... without any more money | Seema Bansal

267,673 views ・ 2016-07-20

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Vilma Milatić Recezent: Sanda L
00:12
So we all have our own biases.
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Svi mi imamo predrasude.
00:15
For example, some of us tend to think
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Na primjer, neki od nas misle
00:17
that it's very difficult to transform failing government systems.
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da je jako teško promijeniti neuspješne vladine sustave.
00:21
When we think of government systems,
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Kada govorimo o vladinim sustavima,
00:23
we tend to think that they're archaic, set in their ways,
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obično mislimo da su zastarjeli i nefleksibilni,
00:27
and perhaps, the leadership is just too bureaucratic
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a vodstvo je možda previše birokratsko
00:29
to be able to change things.
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da bi išta promijenilo.
00:32
Well, today, I want to challenge that theory.
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Pa, danas bih htjela preispitati tu tezu.
00:35
I want to tell you a story of a very large government system
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Želim vam ispričati priču o jako velikom vladinom sustavu
00:39
that has not only put itself on the path of reform
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koji ne samo da je krenuo u smjeru reforme,
00:43
but has also shown fairly spectacular results
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nego je također postigao fantastične rezultate
00:46
in less than three years.
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za manje od tri godine.
00:48
This is what a classroom in a public school in India looks like.
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Ovako izgleda učionica državne škole u Indiji.
00:53
There are 1 million such schools in India.
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U Indiji je jedan milijun takvih škola.
00:55
And even for me, who's lived in India all her life,
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Čak i za mene, koja cijeli život živim u Indiji,
00:59
walking into one of these schools is fairly heartbreaking.
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posjet jednoj od tih škola bio je jako bolan.
01:03
By the time kids are 11,
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Do trenutka kada djeca navrše 11 godina,
01:05
50 percent of them have fallen so far behind in their education
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50 posto njih toliko je zaostalo u svojem obrazovanju
01:09
that they have no hope to recover.
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da je to nemoguće nadoknaditi.
01:11
11-year-olds cannot do simple addition,
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11-ogodišnjaci ne znaju zbrajati,
01:14
they cannot construct a grammatically correct sentence.
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niti sastaviti gramatički ispravnu rečenicu.
01:17
These are things that you and I would expect an 8-year-old
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To su stvari koje bismo vi i ja očekivali
01:21
to be able to do.
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od 8-godišnjaka.
01:22
By the time kids are 13 or 14,
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Do trenutka kada navrše 13 ili 14 godina,
01:25
they tend to drop out of schools.
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uglavnom napuste školu.
01:28
In India, public schools not only offer free education --
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U Indiji, državne škole ne samo da nude besplatno obrazovanje,
01:31
they offer free textbooks, free workbooks, free meals,
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nego nude i besplatne udžbenike, radne bilježnice, obroke,
01:35
sometimes even cash scholarships.
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ponekad čak i novčane stipendije.
01:37
And yet, 40 percent of the parents today
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Ipak, 40 posto današnjih roditelja
01:40
are choosing to pull their children out of public schools
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odabire ispisati svoju djecu iz državnih škola
01:43
and pay out of their pockets to put them in private schools.
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i plaćaju iz svog džepa da ih upišu u privatne škole.
01:47
As a comparison, in a far richer country, the US,
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Za usporedbu, u puno bogatijoj zemlji, SAD-u,
01:51
that number is only 10 percent.
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taj broj je svega 10 posto.
01:53
That's a huge statement on how broken the Indian public education system is.
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To je veliki pokazatelj koliko je uništen državni obrazovni sustav u Indiji.
01:59
So it was with that background that I got a call in the summer of 2013
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U takvoj situaciji sam dobila poziv u ljeto 2013. godine
02:03
from an absolutely brilliant lady called Surina Rajan.
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od apsolutno briljantne gospođe pod imenom Surina Rajan.
02:07
She was, at that time, the head of the Department of School Education
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Ona je, u to vrijeme, bila na čelu Ministarstva obrazovanja
02:11
in a state called Haryana in India.
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u državi Haryana, u Indiji.
02:14
So she said to us, "Look, I've been heading this department
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Rekla nam je, „Gledajte, na čelu sam ovog odjela
02:17
for the last two years.
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zadnje dvije godine.
02:18
I've tried a number of things, and nothing seems to work.
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Pokušala sam mnogo stvari, no ništa ne djeluje.
02:22
Can you possibly help?"
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Možete li mi nekako pomoći?"
02:24
Let me describe Haryana a little bit to you.
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Dopustite da vam malo opišem Haryanu.
02:27
Haryana is a state which has 30 million people.
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Haryana je država od 30 milijuna stanovnika.
02:31
It has 15,000 public schools
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Ima 15,000 državnih škola
02:34
and 2 million plus children in those public schools.
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i preko 2 milijuna djece pohađa te škole.
02:38
So basically, with that phone call,
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Tako sam, u biti, tim pozivom,
02:40
I promised to help a state and system
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obećala pomoći i državi i sustavu
02:43
which was as large as that of Peru or Canada transform itself.
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veličine Perua ili Kanade da se promijeni.
02:48
As I started this project, I was very painfully aware of two things.
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Dok sam započinjala projekt, bila sam bolno svjesna dviju stvari.
02:52
One, that I had never done anything like this before.
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Prvo, da nikad nisam radila ništa slično.
02:55
And two, many others had, perhaps without too much success.
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I drugo, da mnogi drugi jesu, bez puno uspjeha.
03:00
As my colleagues and I looked across the country
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Dok smo moje kolege i ja istraživali diljem države
03:03
and across the world,
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i diljem svijeta,
03:04
we couldn't find another example
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nismo mogli pronaći jedan primjer
03:06
that we could just pick up and replicate in Haryana.
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koji bismo jednostavno mogli preuzeti i ponoviti u Haryani.
03:09
We knew that we had to craft our own journey.
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Znali smo da sami moramo utrti svoj put.
03:12
But anyway, we jumped right in and as we jumped in,
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Bilo kako bilo, bacili smo se na posao i kada smo započeli,
03:15
all sorts of ideas started flying at us.
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dobivali smo raznorazne ideje.
03:18
People said, "Let's change the way we recruit teachers,
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Ljudi su predlagali: „Promijenimo način odabira učitelja,
03:21
let's hire new principals and train them
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zaposlimo nove ravnatelje i educirajmo ih,
03:24
and send them on international learning tours,
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pošaljimo ih na međunarodne edukacije,
03:26
let's put technology inside classrooms."
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uvedimo tehnologiju u učionice."
03:29
By the end of week one, we had 50 ideas on the table,
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Do kraja prvog tjedna, imali smo 50 ideja pred nama,
03:31
all amazing, all sounded right.
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sve su bile odlične, sve su zvučale dobro.
03:34
There was no way we were going to be able to implement 50 things.
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No, nikako nismo mogli uvesti 50 stvari.
03:39
So I said, "Hang on, stop.
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Zato sam rekla, „Čekajte, stanimo.
03:41
Let's first at least decide what is it we're trying to achieve."
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Odlučimo barem prvo što točno želimo postići."
03:44
So with a lot of push and pull and debate,
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Nakon mnogo natezanja i raspravljanja,
03:47
Haryana set itself a goal which said: by 2020,
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Haryana je postavila cilj koji je glasio: do 2020. godine
03:51
we want 80 percent of our children to be at grade-level knowledge.
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želimo da 80 posto djece ima znanje na razini svog razreda.
03:55
Now the specifics of the goal don't matter here,
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Pojedinosti tog cilja ovdje nisu bitne,
03:58
but what matters is how specific the goal is.
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bitno je koliko je cilj precizan.
04:01
Because it really allowed us to take all those ideas
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To nam je stvarno omogućilo da uzmemo sve ideje
04:04
which were being thrown at us
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koje su nam se nudile
04:06
and say which ones we were going to implement.
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i odaberemo one koje želimo provesti.
04:08
Does this idea support this goal? If yes, let's keep it.
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Služi li ova ideja cilju? Ako služi, zadržimo je.
04:12
But if it doesn't or we're not sure, then let's put it aside.
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Ali ako ne služi ili ako nismo sigurni, maknimo je na stranu.
04:16
As simple as it sounds, having a very specific goal right up front
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Koliko god jednostavno zvučalo, to što smo imali jasno određen cilj
04:20
has really allowed us to be very sharp and focused
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omogućilo nam je da budemo jasno usmjereni i vrlo fokusirani
04:24
in our transformation journey.
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na našem putu ka promjenama.
04:25
And looking back over the last two and a half years,
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Kada se osvrnem na zadnje dvije i pol godine,
04:28
that has been a huge positive for us.
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bila je to velika prednost za nas.
04:31
So we had the goal,
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Dakle, imali smo cilj
04:32
and now we needed to figure out what are the issues, what is broken.
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i trebali smo utvrditi koji su problemi, što ne valja.
04:37
Before we went into schools, a lot of people told us
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Prije nego smo otišli u škole, mnogo ljudi nam je reklo
04:39
that education quality is poor
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da je kvaliteta obrazovanja loša
04:41
because either the teachers are lazy, they don't come into schools,
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jer su ili učitelji lijeni, ne dolaze u škole,
04:45
or they're incapable, they actually don't know how to teach.
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ili su nesposobni te ne znaju kako, zapravo, podučavati.
04:49
Well, when we went inside schools, we found something completely different.
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No, kada smo došli u škole, otkrili smo nešto sasvim drugo.
04:53
On most days, most teachers were actually inside schools.
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Većinu vremena, većina učitelja je bila u školama.
04:57
And when you spoke with them,
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Kada smo razgovarali s njima,
04:59
you realized they were perfectly capable of teaching elementary classes.
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shvatili smo da su savršeno sposobni podučavati u osnovnoj školi.
05:03
But they were not teaching.
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Međutim, nisu podučavali.
05:06
I went to a school
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Otišla sam u školu
05:08
where the teachers were getting the construction of a classroom
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gdje su učitelji nadgledali izgradnju učionice
05:11
and a toilet supervised.
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i zahoda.
05:13
I went to another school
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Otišla sam u drugu školu
05:15
where two of the teachers had gone to a nearby bank branch
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gdje su dva učitelja otišla u obližnju banku
05:18
to deposit scholarship money into kids' accounts.
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kako bi uplatili novac za školarinu na račune djece.
05:21
At lunchtime, most teachers were spending all of their time
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Za vrijeme ručka, većina učitelja je provodila svo vrijeme
05:25
getting the midday meal cooking, supervised and served to the students.
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kuhajući ručak, nadgledajući i poslužujući učenike.
05:30
So we asked the teachers,
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Pa smo upitali učitelje,
05:32
"What's going on, why are you not teaching?"
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„Što se događa, zašto ne podučavate?"
05:35
And they said, "This is what's expected of us.
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Odgovorili su, „Ovo se očekuje od nas.
05:38
When a supervisor comes to visit us,
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Kad nas posjeti nadzornik,
05:40
these are exactly the things that he checks.
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upravo ovakve stvari provjerava.
05:43
Has the toilet been made, has the meal been served.
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Je li zahod čist, je li obrok poslužen.
05:45
When my principal goes to a meeting at headquarters,
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Kada moj ravnatelj odlazi do uprave,
05:49
these are exactly the things which are discussed."
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upravo o ovim stvarima raspravljaju.
05:52
You see, what had happened was, over the last two decades,
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Vidite, dogodilo se to da se tijekom zadnja dva desetljeća
05:56
India had been fighting the challenge of access, having enough schools,
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Indija borila s izazovom dostupnosti, da ima dovoljan broj škola
06:00
and enrollment, bringing children into the schools.
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te upisima, da dovedu djecu u škole.
06:03
So the government launched a whole host of programs
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Zato je vlada pokrenula niz programa
06:06
to address these challenges,
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koji se bave tim izazovima,
06:08
and the teachers became the implicit executors of these programs.
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a učitelji su postali implicitni izvršitelji tih programa.
06:13
Not explicitly, but implicitly.
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Ne eksplicitno, već implicitno, prešutno.
06:16
And now, what was actually needed was not to actually train teachers further
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I sada, u stvari, nije bilo potrebno dalje obučavati učitelje
06:21
or to monitor their attendance
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ili kontrolirati njihovo prisustvo,
06:23
but to tell them that what is most important
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nego im reći da je najvažnije
06:27
is for them to go back inside classrooms and teach.
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da se vrate u učionice i poučavaju.
06:30
They needed to be monitored and measured and awarded
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Trebalo ih se nadgledati, vrednovati i nagrađivati
06:34
on the quality of teaching
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prema kvaliteti podučavanja,
06:35
and not on all sorts of other things.
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a ne prema drugim stvarima.
06:38
So as we went through the education system,
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Dok smo proučavali obrazovni sustav,
06:40
as we delved into it deeper, we found a few such core root causes
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ulazili sve dublje, naišli smo na nekoliko glavnih uzroka
06:45
which were determining, which were shaping how people behaved in the system.
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koji su određivali i oblikovali ponašanje ljudi unutar sustava.
06:49
And we realized that unless we change those specific things,
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Shvatili smo da dok ne promijenimo te određene stvari,
06:53
we could do a number of other things.
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možemo napraviti hrpu drugih stvari.
06:55
We could train, we could put technology into schools,
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Možemo obučavati, uvesti tehnologiju u škole,
06:58
but the system wouldn't change.
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ali se sustav neće promijeniti.
07:00
And addressing these non-obvious core issues
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Rješavanje tih pitanja koja nisu bila očigledna
07:03
became a key part of the program.
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postalo je ključni dio programa.
07:06
So, we had the goal and we had the issues,
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Dakle, imali smo cilj i imali smo probleme
07:09
and now we needed to figure out what the solutions were.
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te smo morali naći rješenja.
07:12
We obviously did not want to recreate the wheel,
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Očito nismo htjeli izmišljati toplu vodu
07:15
so we said, "Let's look around and see what we can find."
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pa smo rekli, „Idemo vidjeti što možemo pronaći.“
07:18
And we found these beautiful, small pilot experiments
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I pronašli smo te predivne, male pilot projekte
07:23
all over the country and all over the world.
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diljem zemlje i diljem svijeta.
07:26
Small things being done by NGOs, being done by foundations.
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Male stvari koje rade nevladine organizacije i zaklade.
07:30
But what was also interesting was that none of them actually scaled.
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Zanimljivo je da ništa od toga nije poprimilo veće razmjere.
07:34
All of them were limited to 50, 100 or 500 schools.
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Sve je bilo ograničeno na 50, 100 ili 500 škola,
07:37
And here, we were looking for a solution for 15,000 schools.
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a mi smo tražili rješenje za 15,000 škola.
07:41
So we looked into why,
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Željeli smo znati
07:42
if these things actually work, why don't they actually scale?
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ako te stvari funkcioniraju, zašto nisu obuhvatili veće razmjere?
07:46
What happens is that when a typical NGO comes in,
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Radi se o tome da kada NVO dođu,
07:49
they not only bring in their expertise
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one ne donose samo stručnost,
07:52
but they also bring in additional resources.
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nego i dodatne resurse.
07:54
So they might bring in money,
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Možda donesu novac,
07:56
they might bring in people,
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možda dovedu ljude,
07:57
they might bring in technology.
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možda uvedu tehnologiju.
07:59
And in the 50 or 100 schools that they actually operate in,
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U 50 ili 100 škola u kojima oni djeluju,
08:04
those additional resources actually create a difference.
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ti dodatni resursi stvarno donose promjene.
08:07
But now imagine that the head of this NGO
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Ali sada zamislite da predsjednik te NVO
08:10
goes to the head of the School Education Department
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ode do ministra obrazovanja
08:12
and says, "Hey, now let's do this for 15,000 schools."
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i kaže, „Idemo to sada napraviti u 15,000 škola.“
08:16
Where is that guy or girl going to find the money
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Gdje će taj muškarac ili žena pronaći novac
08:19
to actually scale this up to 15,000 schools?
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da to napravi u 15,000 škola?
08:22
He doesn't have the additional money,
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On nema dodatnog novca,
08:24
he doesn't have the resources.
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nema resurse.
08:25
And hence, innovations don't scale.
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I zbog toga se inovacije ne proširuju.
08:28
So right at the beginning of the project, what we said was,
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Zbog toga smo na početku projekta rekli,
08:32
"Whatever we have to do has to be scalable,
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„Štogod da moramo napraviti, mora se moći proširiti,
08:35
it has to work in all 15,000 schools."
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mora moći funkcionirati u svih 15,000 škola."
08:38
And hence, it has to work within the existing budgets
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Stoga mora moći funkcionirati u okviru postojećeg budžeta
08:42
and resources that the state actually has.
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i resursa koje država ima.
08:45
Much easier said than done.
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Mnogo je lakše to reći nego učiniti.
08:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:48
I think this was definitely the point in time
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Mislim da me u tom trenutku
08:51
when my team hated me.
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moj tim definitivno mrzio.
08:52
We spent a lot of long hours in office, in cafés,
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Proveli smo mnoge sate u uredu, u kafićima,
08:58
sometimes even in bars,
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ponekad čak i u barovima,
08:59
scratching out heads and saying,
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mozgajući i govoreći,
09:01
"Where are the solutions, how are we going to solve this problem?"
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„Gdje su rješenja, kako ćemo riješiti ovaj problem?“
09:04
In the end, I think we did find solutions to many of the issues.
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Mislim da smo na kraju našli rješenja za mnoge probleme.
09:08
I'll give you an example.
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Dat ću vam jedan primjer.
09:10
In the context of effective learning,
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U kontekstu učinkovitog učenja,
09:12
one of the things people talk about is hands-on learning.
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jedna stvar o kojoj ljudi pričaju je praktično učenje.
09:15
Children shouldn't memorize things from books,
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Djeca ne bi trebala pamtiti stvari iz knjiga,
09:17
they should do activities,
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trebala bi odrađivati aktivnosti,
09:19
and that's a more effective way to learn.
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1999
što je učinkovitiji način učenja.
09:21
Which basically means giving students things
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To, u stvari, znači dati učenicima stvari poput
09:23
like beads, learning rods, abacuses.
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kuglica, štapića za učenje, računaljke.
09:27
But we did not have the budgets to give that
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Međutim, mi nismo imali budžet da to možemo dati
09:29
to 15,000 schools, 2 million children.
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u 15,000 škola, za 2 milijuna djece.
09:32
We needed another solution.
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Trebalo nam je drugo rješenje.
09:34
We couldn't think of anything.
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Ništa nam nije padalo na pamet.
09:36
One day, one of our team members went to a school
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Jednog dana, jedan član našeg tima otišao je u školu
09:39
and saw a teacher pick up sticks and stones from the garden outside
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i vidio učitelja kako skuplja štapiće i kamenčiće vani u vrtu
09:43
and take them into the classroom
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i odnosi ih u učionicu
09:45
and give them to the students.
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te daje učenicima.
09:47
That was a huge eureka moment for us.
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Tada nam se upalila lampica.
09:51
So what happens now in the textbooks in Haryana
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Sada u udžbenicima u Haryani
09:54
is that after every concept, we have a little box
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iza svakog pojma, postoji mali okvir
09:57
which are instructions for the teachers which say,
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u kojem su upute za učitelje u kojima stoji,
09:59
"To teach this concept, here's an activity that you can do.
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„Da biste podučavali ovaj koncept, možete odraditi ove aktivnosti.“
10:03
And by the way, in order to actually do this activity,
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Usput, da biste sproveli te aktivnosti,
10:06
here are things that you can use from your immediate environment,
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evo stvari koje možete koristiti iz svog neposrednog okruženja,
10:10
whether it be the garden outside or the classroom inside,
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bilo da se radi o vanjskom vrtu ili unutrašnjoj učionici,
10:13
which can be used as learning aids for kids."
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koje možete koristiti kao pomoć pri poučavaju djece."
10:16
And we see teachers all over Haryana
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I tako vidimo učitelje diljem Haryane
10:18
using lots of innovative things to be able to teach students.
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kako koriste mnogo inovacija da bi poučavali učenike.
10:22
So in this way, whatever we designed,
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Na ovaj način, što god osmislili,
10:26
we were actually able to implement it
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mogli smo zaista ostvariti
10:28
across all 15,000 schools from day one.
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u svih 15,000 škola od prvog dana.
10:32
Now, this brings me to my last point.
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Ovo me dovodi do posljednje točke.
10:34
How do you implement something across 15,000 schools
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Kako primijeniti nešto u 15,000 škola
10:37
and 100,000 teachers?
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i na 100,000 učitelja?
10:40
The department used to have a process
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Ministarstvo je imalo proces
10:42
which is very interesting.
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koji je jako zanimljiv.
10:43
I like to call it "The Chain of Hope."
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Ja ga zovem "Lanac nade."
10:48
They would write a letter from the headquarters
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Napisali bi pismo iz uprave
10:50
and send it to the next level,
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i poslali ga na sljedeću razinu,
10:52
which was the district offices.
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a to su bili područni uredi.
10:54
They would hope that in each of these district offices,
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Nadali su se da će u svakom od tih područnih ureda
10:56
an officer would get the letter, would open it, read it
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činovnik dobiti pismo, otvoriti ga, pročitati
11:00
and then forward it to the next level,
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i proslijediti na sljedeću razinu,
11:02
which was the block offices.
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a to su uredski prostori.
11:05
And then you would hope that at the block office,
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I onda biste se nadali da će u uredskim prostorima
netko drugi dobiti pismo,
11:08
somebody else got the letter,
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otvoriti, pročitati ga i na kraju proslijediti za 15,000 ravnatelja.
11:10
opened it, read it and forwarded it eventually to the 15,000 principals.
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11:14
And then one would hope that the principals
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I onda bi se nadali da su ravnatelji
11:17
got the letter, received it, understood it
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primili pismo, razumjeli ga
11:19
and started implementing it.
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i počeli provoditi naputke.
11:21
It was a little bit ridiculous.
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Bilo je pomalo smiješno.
11:24
Now, we knew technology was the answer,
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Znali smo da je tehnologija odgovor,
11:27
but we also knew that most of these schools
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ali isto tako smo znali da većina tih škola
11:29
don't have a computer or email.
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nema kompjuter niti e-mail.
11:32
However, what the teachers do have are smartphones.
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Međutim, učitelji imaju pametne telefone.
11:35
They're constantly on SMS, on Facebook and on WhatsApp.
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Stalno koriste SMS poruke, Facebook ili WhatsApp.
11:40
So what now happens in Haryana is,
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Zato su sada u Harayani
11:42
all principals and teachers are divided into hundreds of WhatsApp groups
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svi ravnatelji i učitelji podijeljeni u stotine WhatsApp grupa
11:47
and anytime something needs to be communicated,
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i kada se bilo što treba priopćiti,
11:50
it's just posted across all WhatsApp groups.
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samo se objavi putem WhatsApp grupa.
11:53
It spreads like wildfire.
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Proširi se poput požara.
11:55
You can immediately check who has received it,
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Možemo odmah provjeriti tko je primio obavijest,
11:58
who has read it.
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tko je pročitao.
12:00
Teachers can ask clarification questions instantaneously.
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Učitelji mogu odmah tražiti pojašnjenja.
12:03
And what's interesting is,
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Ono što je zanimljivo je
12:05
it's not just the headquarters who are answering these questions.
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da ne odgovara samo uprava na njihova pitanja.
12:08
Another teacher from a completely different part of the state
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Drugi učitelji iz potpuno različitih dijelova države
12:11
will stand up and answer the question.
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se javljaju i daju odgovore.
12:13
Everybody's acting as everybody's peer group,
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Svi se ponašaju kao svačija grupa kolega
12:16
and things are getting implemented.
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i promjene se uvode.
12:19
So today, when you go to a school in Haryana,
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Kada danas odete u školu u Harayani,
12:22
things look different.
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stvari izgledaju drugačije.
12:23
The teachers are back inside classrooms,
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Učitelji su ponovno u učionicama,
12:26
they're teaching.
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podučavaju.
12:27
Often with innovative techniques.
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Često koriste inovativne metode.
12:29
When a supervisor comes to visit the classroom,
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Kada nadzornik dolazi u posjet učionicama,
12:32
he or she not only checks the construction of the toilet
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on ili ona ne provjerava samo izgradnju zahoda,
12:36
but also what is the quality of teaching.
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nego i kvalitetu podučavanja.
12:40
Once a quarter, all students across the state
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Jednom u tromjesečju, sve učenike diljem zemlje
12:43
are assessed on their learning outcomes
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se ocjenjuje prema ishodima učenja
12:45
and schools which are doing well are rewarded.
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i škole koje ostvare dobre rezultate se nagrađuje.
12:48
And schools which are not doing so well
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Škole koje ne ostvare dobre rezultate
12:50
find themselves having difficult conversations.
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moraju se suočiti s teškim razgovorima.
12:53
Of course, they also get additional support
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Naravno, također dobiju i dodatnu podršku
12:55
to be able to do better in the future.
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kako bi u budućnosti bile bolje.
12:59
In the context of education,
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U kontekstu obrazovanja,
13:00
it's very difficult to see results quickly.
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jako je teško brzo vidjeti rezultate.
13:03
When people talk about systemic, large-scale change,
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Kada ljudi govore o sustavnim, velikim promjenama,
13:06
they talk about periods of 7 years and 10 years.
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govore o periodima od 7 i 10 godina.
13:10
But not in Haryana.
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Ali ne i u Harayani.
13:12
In the last one year, there have been three independent studies,
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Tijekom zadnje godine provedena su tri neovisna istraživanja
13:16
all measuring student learning outcomes,
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koja su mjerila ishode učenja kod učenika,
13:18
which indicate that something fundamental,
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koja ukazuju da se nešto bitno,
13:21
something unique is happening in Haryana.
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nešto jedinstveno događa u Harayani.
13:23
Learning levels of children have stopped declining,
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Razina znanja djece više nije u padu,
13:26
and they have started going up.
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već u porastu.
13:28
Haryana is one of the few states in the country
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Harayana je jedna od nekoliko država u zemlji
13:31
which is showing an improvement,
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koja pokazuje napredak
13:33
and certainly the one that is showing the fastest rate of improvement.
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i zasigurno država koja pokazuje najbržu stopu napretka.
13:38
These are still early signs,
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Ovo su još rani znaci,
13:39
there's a long way to go,
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dugačak je put pred nama,
13:40
but this gives us a lot of hope for the future.
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ali to nam daje mnogo nade za budućnost.
13:44
I recently went to a school,
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Nedavno sam otišla u školu
13:46
and as I was leaving,
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i kada sam odlazila,
13:48
I ran into a lady,
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naišla sam na jednu ženu
13:49
her name was Parvati,
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1151
po imenu Parvati,
13:50
she was the mother of a child,
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ona je majka jednog djeteta,
13:52
and she was smiling.
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bila je nasmijana.
13:53
And I said, "Why are you smiling, what's going on?"
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Pitala sam je, „Zašto se smijete, što se događa?“
13:56
And she said, "I don't know what's going on,
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Odgovorila mi je, „Ne znam što se događa,
13:59
but what I do know is that my children are learning,
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ali znam da moja djeca uče,
14:02
they're having fun,
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1451
zabavljaju se
14:04
and for the time being, I'll stop my search for a private school
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3195
i za sada ću prestati tražiti privatnu školu
14:07
to send them to."
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u koju bih ih poslala.“
14:09
So I go back to where I started:
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Na kraju se vraćam na početak:
14:11
Can government systems transform?
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Mogu li se vladini sustavi promijeniti?
14:14
I certainly believe so.
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Svakako smatram da mogu.
14:15
I think if you give them the right levers,
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Vjerujem da ako im date prave poluge,
14:17
they can move mountains.
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mogu pomaknuti planine.
14:19
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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