Why should you read "One Hundred Years of Solitude"? - Francisco Díez-Buzo

3,734,158 views ・ 2018-08-30

TED-Ed


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:06
One day in 1965, while driving to Acapulco for a vacation with his family,
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1965 年,有一天,在開車前往 阿卡普爾科與家人渡假的時候,
00:11
Colombian journalist Gabriel García Márquez abruptly turned his car around,
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哥倫比亞記者加布列 賈西亞馬奎斯突然把車調頭,
00:17
asked his wife to take care of the family’s finances for the coming months,
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請他的太太在接下來幾個月 處理好家中的財務,
00:21
and returned home.
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接著返家。
00:24
The beginning of a new book had suddenly come to him:
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他突然想到了一本書的開端:
00:28
“Many years later, as he faced the firing squad,
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「許多年後,當他面對著行刑隊,
00:31
Colonel Aureliano Buendía was to remember that distant afternoon
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倭良諾邦迪亞上校憶起了 很久以前的那個午後,
00:36
when his father took him to discover ice.”
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他的父親帶他去尋找冰。」
00:40
Over the next eighteen months,
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在接下來的十八個月,
00:42
those words would blossom into One Hundred Years of Solitude.
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那些文字開花結果 成了《百年孤寂》。
00:46
A novel that would go on to bring Latin American literature
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這本小說接下來把 拉丁美洲文學帶到了
00:49
to the forefront of the global imagination,
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全球想像的最前線,
00:52
earning García Márquez the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature.
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讓賈西亞馬奎斯贏得了 1982 年的諾貝爾文學獎。
00:57
What makes One Hundred Years of Solitude so remarkable?
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《百年孤寂》為何如此了不起?
01:00
The novel chronicles the fortunes and misfortunes
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這本小說記述了邦迪亞家族
01:03
of the Buendía family over seven generations.
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七個世代的幸運與不幸。
01:07
With its lush, detailed sentences,
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它有著很豐富又很細膩的文句,
01:10
large cast of characters,
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很龐大的角色人物班底,
01:14
and tangled narrative,
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還有糾結的故事,
01:17
One Hundred Years of Solitude is not an easy book to read.
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所以,《百年孤寂》並不是 很容易讀的一本書。
01:21
But it’s a deeply rewarding one,
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但它是非常值得一讀的,
01:23
with an epic assortment of intense romances,
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它包含了各種史詩般的熱戀、
01:27
civil war,
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內戰、
01:29
political intrigue,
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政治陰謀、
01:30
globe-trotting adventurers,
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旅行全球的冒險家,
01:33
and more characters named Aureliano than you’d think possible.
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還有一大堆叫倭良諾的角色, 多到你無法想像。
01:37
Yet this is no mere historical drama.
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但它並不只是一部歷史劇,
01:39
One Hundred Years of Solitude is one of the most famous examples
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《百年孤寂》是所謂的 「魔幻寫實主義」
01:43
of a literary genre known as magical realism.
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這個文學類別當中 最著名的例子之一。
01:49
Here, supernatural events or abilities
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這本書會用寫實或事實的語調
01:51
are described in a realistic and matter-of-fact tone,
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來描述超自然事件或能力,
01:55
while the real events of human life and history
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而人類生活及歷史的真實事件
01:57
reveal themselves to be full of fantastical absurdity.
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卻是充滿了奇幻的荒誕。
02:01
Surreal phenomena within the fictional village of Macondo
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在虛構的村落「馬康多」 裡的超現實現象
02:05
intertwine seamlessly with events taking place in the real country of Colombia.
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和真實國家哥倫比亞 所發生的事件無縫地交織在一起。
02:11
The settlement begins in a mythical state of isolation,
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這個殖民地一開始是處於 神話般的孤立狀態,
02:14
but is gradually exposed to the outside world,
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但它漸漸和外面的世界接觸,
02:17
facing multiple calamities along the way.
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在過程中要面對許多災難。
02:20
As years pass, characters grow old and die,
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很多年過去了,角色長大並過世,
02:23
only to return as ghosts,
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若不是以鬼魂的形態返回,
02:25
or to be seemingly reincarnated in the next generation.
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似乎就是投胎轉世到下一個世代。
02:29
When the American fruit company comes to town,
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當美國的水果公司來到鎮上,
02:32
so does a romantic mechanic who is always followed by yellow butterflies.
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一個浪漫的技工也來了, 總是有黃色蝴蝶跟在他身邊。
02:36
A young woman up and floats away.
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一名年輕女子向上飄走。
02:39
Although the novel moves forward through subsequent generations,
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雖然這本小說是透過 後續的世代繼續向前走下去,
02:43
time moves in an almost cyclical manner.
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時間的移動則幾乎是循環式的。
02:46
Many characters have similar names and features to their forebears,
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許多角色都有和其祖先 類似的名字和特徵,
02:50
whose mistakes they often repeat.
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他們也常會重覆 其祖先犯過的錯誤。
02:52
Strange prophecies and visits from mysterious gypsies
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奇怪的預言和神秘吉普賽人的造訪
02:56
give way to the skirmishes and firing squads of repeated civil wars.
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讓步給小衝突及重覆 發生之內戰的行刑隊。
03:01
An American fruit company opens a plantation near the village
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一間美國水果公司在村落附近 開了一個種植園,
03:04
and ends up massacring thousands of striking workers,
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最後卻屠殺了數千名罷工工人,
03:07
mirroring the real-life ‘Banana Massacre’ of 1928.
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反映出現實中在 1928 年 發生的「香蕉大屠殺」。
03:12
Combined with the novel’s magical realism,
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和這本小說的魔幻寫實主義結合,
03:15
this produces a sense of history as a downward spiral
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所產生的歷史感像是向下的旋渦,
03:19
the characters seem powerless to escape.
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角色們似乎都沒有能力從中逃脫。
03:21
Beneath the magic is a story about the pattern of Colombian
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在魔術背後的故事 和哥倫比亞的模式
03:25
and Latin American history from colonial times onward.
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以及殖民時期之後的 拉丁美洲歷史有關。
03:28
This is a history that the author experienced firsthand.
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這是作者自己親自經歷過的歷史。
03:32
Gabriel García Márquez grew up in a Colombia torn apart by civil conflict
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加布列賈西亞馬奎斯在哥倫比亞 長大,當時內戰讓國家四分五裂,
03:37
between its Conservative and Liberal political parties.
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內戰的兩方是政治的 保守派和自由派。
03:40
He also lived in an autocratic Mexico
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他也住過獨裁的墨西哥,
03:43
and covered the 1958 Venezuelan coup d’état as a journalist.
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以記者身份報導了 1958 年 委內瑞拉的政變。
03:47
But perhaps his biggest influences were his maternal grandparents.
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但影響他最多的 應該是他的外公外婆。
03:52
Nicolás Ricardo Márquez was a decorated veteran of the Thousand Days War
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尼可拉斯里卡多馬奎斯是 在千日戰爭中被授勛的退伍軍人,
03:57
whose accounts of the rebellion against Colombia's conservative government
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他對於反抗哥倫比亞 保守政府的想法
04:01
led Gabriel García Márquez to a socialist outlook.
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讓加布列賈西亞馬奎斯 有了社會主義的觀點。
04:04
Meanwhile, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes’ omnipresent superstition
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同時,多娜特拉奇莉娜依葛瓦蘭 柯提斯的迷信無所不在,
04:09
became the foundation of One Hundred Years of Solitude’s style.
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成了《百年孤寂》風格的基礎。
04:13
Their small house in Aracataca where the author spent his childhood
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他們的小房子所在的阿拉卡塔卡, 是作者兒時居住的地方,
04:17
formed the main inspiration for Macondo.
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這是創造出馬貢多的 主要靈感來源。
04:20
With One Hundred Years of Solitude,
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透過《百年孤寂》,
04:22
Gabriel García Márquez found a unique way
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加布列賈西亞馬奎斯 找到了一種獨特的方式
04:25
to capture the unique history of Latin America.
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來捕捉拉丁美洲的獨特歷史。
04:28
He was able to depict the strange reality of living in a post-colonial society,
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他能夠描寫出住在 後殖民社會中的奇怪現實,
04:33
forced to relive the tragedies of the past.
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被迫要重新經歷一次過去的悲劇。
04:36
In spite of all this fatalism, the novel still holds hope.
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儘管有所有這些宿命論, 這本小說仍然抱有希望。
04:40
At his Nobel Lecture,
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在諾貝爾演講上,
04:41
García Marquez reflected on Latin America’s long history
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加布列馬奎斯反思了 拉丁美洲的漫長歷史,
04:45
of civil strife and rampant iniquity.
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國內衝突和不平等猖獗的歷史。
04:48
Yet he ended the speech by affirming the possibility of building a better world,
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然而,在演說的最後,他肯定 還是有可能建造出更好的世界,
04:53
to quote, “where no one will be able to decide for others how they die,
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引述他的話:「在那裡,沒有人能 幫其他人決定他們要如何死亡,
04:58
where love will prove true
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在那裡,愛會被證明是真的,
04:59
and happiness be possible,
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且快樂是有可能的,
05:01
and where the races condemned to one hundred years of solitude
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在那裡,被詛咒了百年孤寂的種族,
05:05
will have, at last and forever, a second chance on earth."
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最終且永遠,會得到 在地球上的第二次機會。」
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