How to choose your news - Damon Brown

Kako da izaberete vesti - Dejmon Braun (Damon Brown)

1,474,776 views ・ 2014-06-05

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:08
How do you know what's happening in your world?
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Kako da znate šta se dešava u vašem svetu?
00:11
The amount of information just a click away
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Količina informacija, samo na klik od nas,
00:13
may be limitless,
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možda jeste beskonačna,
00:15
but the time and energy we have
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ali vreme i energija koje imamo
00:17
to absorb and evaluate it is not.
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za njihovu apsorpciju i vrednovanje, nije.
00:20
All the information in the world won't be very useful
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Sve informacije ovog sveta nisu od velike koristi,
00:23
unless you know how to read the news.
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ukoliko ne znate kako da čitate vesti.
00:25
To your grandparents, parents,
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Vašim baki i deki, roditeljima,
00:27
or even older siblings,
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pa čak i starijim rođacima,
00:29
this idea would have sounded strange.
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ova misao bi zvučala čudno.
00:31
Only a few decades ago, news was broad-based.
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Pre samo nekoliko decenija, vesti su bile namenjene širokim masama.
00:34
Your choices were limited
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Izbor je bio ograničen
00:36
to a couple of general interest magazines
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na nekoliko časopisa opšteg interesovanja
00:38
and newspaper of record,
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i zvaničnih novina
00:39
and three or four TV networks
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i tri-četiri TV stanice
00:42
where trusted newscasters delivered the day's news
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na kojima su pouzdani spikeri iznosili dnevne novosti,
00:45
at the same reliable time every evening.
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u isto pouzdano vreme svake večeri.
00:48
But the problems with this system soon became apparent
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No problemi s ovim sistemom su ubrzo postali očigledni
00:51
as mass media spread.
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kad su masovni mediji počeli da se šire.
00:53
While it was known that authoritarian countries
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Iako se znalo da autoritarne države
00:54
controlled and censored information,
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kontrolišu i cenzurišu informacije,
00:57
a series of scandals showed that
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niz skandala je pokazao
00:59
democratic governments were also misleading the public,
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da i demokratske vlade obmanjuju javnost,
01:03
often with media cooperation.
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često uz pomoć medija.
01:06
Revelations of covert wars, secret assassinations,
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Otkriće prikrivenih ratova, tajnih ubistava
01:09
and political corruption
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i političke korupcije,
01:11
undermined public faith in official narratives
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potkopalo je poverenje javnosti u zvanični narativ
01:13
presented by mainstream sources.
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koji su nudili matični izvori.
01:16
This breakdown of trust in media gatekeepers
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Slom poverenja u čuvare medijskih kapija
01:19
lead to alternative newspapers, radio shows, and cable news
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doveo je do pojave alternativnih novina, radio emisija i kablovskih vesti,
01:23
competing with the major outlets and covering events
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koji su se takmičili na glavnom tržištu, pokrivajući događaje
01:26
from various perspectives.
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iz različitih perspektiva.
01:28
More recently, the Internet has multiplied the amount
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U skorije vreme, internet je umnožio količinu
01:31
of information and viewpoints,
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informacija i tačaka gledišta,
01:32
with social media, blogs, and online video
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uz pomoć društvenih mreža, blogova i onlajn videa,
01:35
turning every citizen into a potential reporter.
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pretvorio je svakog građanina u potencijalnog izveštača.
01:39
But if everyone is a reporter, nobody is,
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Ali ako je svako izveštač, onda niko nije,
01:41
and different sources may disagree,
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a različiti izvori mogu da se ne slažu,
01:43
not only opinions, but on the facts themselves.
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ne samo u mišljenjima, već i u samim činjenicama.
01:46
So how do you get the truth, or something close?
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Kako onda saznati istinu ili nešto slično njoj?
01:50
One of the best ways is to get the original news
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Najbolji način je da do izvorne vesti dođete
01:52
unfiltered by middlemen.
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bez učešća posrednika.
01:55
Instead of articles interpreting a scientific study
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Umesto članaka koji tumače naučno istraživanje
01:58
or a politician's speech,
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ili politički govor,
01:59
you can often find the actual material and judge for yourself.
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često možete naći izvorni materijal i proceniti za sebe.
02:03
For current events, follow reporters on social media.
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Za aktuelne vesti, pratite izveštače na društvenim mrežama.
02:06
During major events, such as the Arab Spring
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U toku velikih događaja, poput Arapskog proleća
02:09
or the Ukrainian protests,
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ili ukrajinskih protesta,
02:10
newscasters and bloggers have posted updates and recordings
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spikeri i blogeri su slali i beležili novosti
02:14
from the midst of the chaos.
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iz središta haosa.
02:16
Though many of these later appear in articles or broadcasts,
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Iako se većina ovoga kasnije pojavila u člancima i izveštajima,
02:19
keep in mind that these polished versions
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imajte na umu da ove doterane verzije
02:21
often combine the voice of the person who was there
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često kombinuju glas osobe koja je bila tamo,
02:24
with the input of editors who weren't.
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s umecima urednika, koji nije bio tamo.
02:27
At the same time, the more chaotic the story,
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Istovremeno, što je priča haotičnija,
02:29
the less you should try to follow it in real time.
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manje bi trebalo da je pratite u realnom vremenu.
02:32
In events like terrorist attacks and natural disasters,
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Za vreme događaja, poput napada terorista i prirodnih katastrofa,
02:35
today's media attempts continuous coverage
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težnja današnjih medija za stalnom pokrivenošću,
02:37
even when no reliable new information is available,
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čak i kada nema novih pouzdanih informacija,
02:41
sometimes leading to incorrect information
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ponekad vodi do netačnih informacija
02:44
or false accusations of innocent people.
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ili do optuživanja nevinih ljudi.
02:47
It's easy to be anxious in such events,
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Lako je biti nestrpljiv za vreme ovakvih događaja,
02:49
but try checking for the latest information
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ali pokušajte da proveravate poslednje informacije
02:52
at several points in the day,
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nekoliko puta na dan,
02:53
rather than every few minutes,
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umesto na svakih nekoliko minuta,
02:55
allowing time for complete details to emerge
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ostavljajući tako vremena da se pojave kompletni detalji
02:58
and false reports to be refuted.
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i da se lažni izveštaji opovrgnu.
03:01
While good journalism aims for objectivity,
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Iako dobro novinarstvo teži objektivnosti,
03:03
media bias is often unavoidable.
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medijska pristrasnost je često neizbežna.
03:06
When you can't get the direct story,
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Ako ne možete direktno doći do priče,
03:08
read coverage in multiple outlets
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čitajte izveštaje iz višestrukih izvora,
03:10
which employ different reporters and interview different experts.
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koji koriste različite izveštače i intervjuišu različite stručnjake.
03:14
Tuning in to various sources and noting the differences
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Uključivanje na različite izvore i primećivanje razlika
03:17
lets you put the pieces together
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omogućuje vam da sklopite delove
03:19
for a more complete picture.
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u potpuniju sliku.
03:21
It's also crucial to separate fact from opinion.
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Takođe je krucijalno da razdvojite činjenice od mišljenja.
03:24
Words like think, likely, or probably
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Reči, poput "mislim", "po svoj prilici" ili "verovatno"
03:27
mean that the outlet is being careful
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znače da je izvor oprezan
03:29
or, worse, taking a guess.
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ili, što je još gore, da nagađa.
03:31
And watch out for reports that rely on anonymous sources.
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I pazite se izveštaja koji se oslanjaju na anonimne izvore.
03:35
These could be people who have little connection to the story,
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Ovo bi mogli da budu ljudi koji nemaju mnogo veze s pričom,
03:38
or have an interest in influencing coverage,
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ili je u njihovom interesu da utiču na pokrivanje priče,
03:41
their anonymity making them unaccountable
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njihova anonimnost ih oslobađa odgovornosti
03:43
for the information they provide.
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za informaciju koju obezbeđuju.
03:45
Finally, and most importantly,
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Na kraju i najvažnije,
03:47
try to verify news before spreading it.
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pokušajte da proverite vesti pre nego što ih raširite.
03:50
While social media has enabled the truth
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Iako su društvene mreže omogućile istini
03:52
to reach us faster,
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da brže stigne do nas,
03:53
it's also allowed rumors to spread
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takođe su omogućile tračevima da se šire
03:55
before they can be verified
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pre nego što stignu da se provere
03:57
and falsehoods to survive
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i da neistine prežive
03:59
long after they've been refuted.
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dugo nakon što su opovrgnute.
04:01
So, before you share that unbelievable
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Zato, pre nego što podelite tu neverovatnu
04:03
or outrageous news item,
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ili nečuvenu vest,
04:05
do a web search to find any additional
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pretražite internet, da nađete neku dodatnu
04:07
information or context you might have missed
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informaciju ili kontekst, koji su vam možda promakli
04:10
and what others are saying about it.
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i vidite šta drugi govore o tome.
04:13
Today, we are more free than ever
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Danas smo nezavisniji nego ikad
04:15
from the old media gatekeepers
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od starih čuvara medijskih kapija,
04:17
who used to control the flow of information.
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koji su nekad kontrolisali tok informacija.
04:20
But with freedom comes responsibility:
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Ali sa slobodom dolazi i odgovornost:
04:22
the responsibility to curate our own experience
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odgovornost da organizujemo sopstveno iskustvo
04:25
and ensure that this flow does not become a flood,
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i da se pobrinemo da tok ne postane poplava
04:28
leaving us less informed than before we took the plunge.
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i da nas ne ostavi manje informisanim nego što smo bili pre zaranjanja.
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