How to choose your news - Damon Brown

1,494,626 views ใƒป 2014-06-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:08
How do you know what's happening in your world?
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื›ื?
00:11
The amount of information just a click away
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืง
00:13
may be limitless,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช,
00:15
but the time and energy we have
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
00:17
to absorb and evaluate it is not.
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ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื.
00:20
All the information in the world won't be very useful
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ
00:23
unless you know how to read the news.
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ืืœื ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
00:25
To your grandparents, parents,
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ืœืกื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื,
00:27
or even older siblings,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
00:29
this idea would have sounded strange.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ.
00:31
Only a few decades ago, news was broad-based.
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ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ืช.
00:34
Your choices were limited
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ื”ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ
00:36
to a couple of general interest magazines
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื
00:38
and newspaper of record,
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ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ ืชืขื•ื“.
00:39
and three or four TV networks
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
00:42
where trusted newscasters delivered the day's news
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
00:45
at the same reliable time every evening.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘.
00:48
But the problems with this system soon became apparent
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
00:51
as mass media spread.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื”.
00:53
While it was known that authoritarian countries
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
00:54
controlled and censored information,
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ืฉืœื˜ื• ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจื• ืžื™ื“ืข,
00:57
a series of scandals showed that
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ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืงื ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืชื”
00:59
democratic governments were also misleading the public,
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื˜ืขื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
01:03
often with media cooperation.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื”.
01:06
Revelations of covert wars, secret assassinations,
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ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช,
01:09
and political corruption
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ื•ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
01:11
undermined public faith in official narratives
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ื—ืชืจื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื
01:13
presented by mainstream sources.
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
01:16
This breakdown of trust in media gatekeepers
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ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื”
01:19
lead to alternative newspapers, radio shows, and cable news
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื•, ื•ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ื
01:23
competing with the major outlets and covering events
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ืฉื”ืชื—ืจื• ืขื ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืงืจื• ืืจื•ืขื™ื
01:26
from various perspectives.
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ืžื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:28
More recently, the Internet has multiplied the amount
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช
01:31
of information and viewpoints,
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜,
01:32
with social media, blogs, and online video
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ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื
01:35
turning every citizen into a potential reporter.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ืœื›ืชื‘ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™.
01:39
But if everyone is a reporter, nobody is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื,
01:41
and different sources may disagree,
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ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•,
01:43
not only opinions, but on the facts themselves.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืช, ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
01:46
So how do you get the truth, or something close?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืจื•ื‘?
01:50
One of the best ways is to get the original news
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช
01:52
unfiltered by middlemen.
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ืฉืœื ืกื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš.
01:55
Instead of articles interpreting a scientific study
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื“ืขื™
01:58
or a politician's speech,
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ืื• ื ืื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™,
01:59
you can often find the actual material and judge for yourself.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
02:03
For current events, follow reporters on social media.
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ืœืืจื•ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื, ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
02:06
During major events, such as the Arab Spring
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื•ืขื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™
02:09
or the Ukrainian protests,
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ืื• ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืช,
02:10
newscasters and bloggers have posted updates and recordings
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ืฉื“ืจื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ืขื™ื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช
02:14
from the midst of the chaos.
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ืžืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ.
02:16
Though many of these later appear in articles or broadcasts,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื,
02:19
keep in mind that these polished versions
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ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
02:21
often combine the voice of the person who was there
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ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื
02:24
with the input of editors who weren't.
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ืขื ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
02:27
At the same time, the more chaotic the story,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืื•ื˜ื™,
02:29
the less you should try to follow it in real time.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
02:32
In events like terrorist attacks and natural disasters,
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ื‘ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข,
02:35
today's media attempts continuous coverage
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืจืฆื™ืฃ
02:37
even when no reliable new information is available,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
02:41
sometimes leading to incorrect information
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื’ื•ื™
02:44
or false accusations of innocent people.
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ืื• ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข.
02:47
It's easy to be anxious in such events,
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ื–ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
02:49
but try checking for the latest information
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืกื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
02:52
at several points in the day,
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
02:53
rather than every few minutes,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช,
02:55
allowing time for complete details to emerge
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข
02:58
and false reports to be refuted.
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ื•ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื.
03:01
While good journalism aims for objectivity,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
03:03
media bias is often unavoidable.
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ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช.
03:06
When you can't get the direct story,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
03:08
read coverage in multiple outlets
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ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื
03:10
which employ different reporters and interview different experts.
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ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:14
Tuning in to various sources and noting the differences
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ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื
03:17
lets you put the pieces together
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ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื—ื“
03:19
for a more complete picture.
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ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:21
It's also crucial to separate fact from opinion.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื•ืช.
03:24
Words like think, likely, or probably
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ื ืจืื” ืื• ืืคืฉืจื™
03:27
mean that the outlet is being careful
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ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื ื–ื”ืจ
03:29
or, worse, taking a guess.
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ืื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื ื—ืฉ.
03:31
And watch out for reports that rely on anonymous sources.
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ื•ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
03:35
These could be people who have little connection to the story,
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ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงืœื•ืฉ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
03:38
or have an interest in influencing coverage,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ,
03:41
their anonymity making them unaccountable
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ื›ืฉื”ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
03:43
for the information they provide.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื.
03:45
Finally, and most importantly,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:47
try to verify news before spreading it.
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ื ืกื• ืœืืžืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืฆืชืŸ.
03:50
While social media has enabled the truth
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืืžืช
03:52
to reach us faster,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:53
it's also allowed rumors to spread
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืฉืžื•ืขืช ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜
03:55
before they can be verified
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืชื•
03:57
and falsehoods to survive
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ื•ืœืฉืงืจื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“
03:59
long after they've been refuted.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืคืจื›ื•.
04:01
So, before you share that unbelievable
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ืื–, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
04:03
or outrageous news item,
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ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืื•ืžื ื• ืื• ื”ืžืจื’ื™ื–ื•ืช,
04:05
do a web search to find any additional
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ืขืฉื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื
04:07
information or context you might have missed
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืคืกืคืกืชื
04:10
and what others are saying about it.
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ื•ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:13
Today, we are more free than ever
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ
04:15
from the old media gatekeepers
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ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”
04:17
who used to control the flow of information.
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ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:20
But with freedom comes responsibility:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช:
04:22
the responsibility to curate our own experience
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ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
04:25
and ensure that this flow does not become a flood,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ,
04:28
leaving us less informed than before we took the plunge.
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ืฉื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืคื™ืฆื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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