What are the universal human rights? - Benedetta Berti

2,930,758 views ・ 2015-10-15

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:06
The idea of human rights is that each one of us,
0
6632
3017
Zamisao ljudskih prava je da svakom od nas,
00:09
no matter who we are or where we are born,
1
9649
2696
bez obzira na to ko smo ili gde smo rođeni,
00:12
is entitled to the same basic rights and freedoms.
2
12345
4183
pripadaju ista osnovna prava i slobode.
00:16
Human rights are not privileges,
3
16528
1820
Ljudska prava nisu privilegija
00:18
and they cannot be granted or revoked.
4
18348
2897
i ona ne mogu da budu dodeljena ili ukinuta.
00:21
They are inalienable and universal.
5
21245
3542
Ona su neotuđiva i univerzalna.
00:24
That may sound straighforward enough,
6
24787
2207
To možda zvuči dovoljno konkretno,
00:26
but it gets incredibly complicated
7
26994
2084
ali zna da bude neverovatno složeno
00:29
as soon as anyone tries to put the idea into practice.
8
29078
3852
čim bilo ko pokuša da isproba ovu zamisao u praksi.
00:32
What exactly are the basic human rights?
9
32930
2540
Šta su tačno osnovna ljudska prava?
00:35
Who gets to pick them?
10
35470
1476
Ko ih bira?
00:36
Who enforces them, and how?
11
36946
2797
Ko ih sprovodi i kako?
00:39
The history behind the concept of human rights is a long one.
12
39743
3717
Istorija iza koncepta ljudskih prava je duga.
00:43
Throughout the centuries and across societies, religions, and cultures
13
43460
3506
Kroz vekove i širom društava, religija i kultura
00:46
we have struggled with defining notions of rightfulness, justice, and rights.
14
46966
5264
mučili smo se da definišemo pojmove pravednosti, pravde i prava.
00:52
But one of the most modern affirmations of universal human rights
15
52230
3083
Ali jedna od najmodernijih potvrda univerzalnih ljudskih prava
00:55
emerged from the ruins of World War II with the creation of the United Nations.
16
55313
5181
izronila je iz ruševina Drugog svetskog rata osnivanjem Ujedinjenih nacija.
01:00
The treaty that established the UN gives as one of its purposes
17
60494
3108
Sporazum kojim su osnovane UN nam daje jednu od njenih svrha
01:03
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights.
18
63602
4782
da učvrsti veru u temeljna ljudska prava.
01:08
And with the same spirit,
19
68384
1221
I u istom duhu,
01:09
in 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
20
69605
6424
Generalna skupština UN-a je 1948. usvojila Univerzalnu deklaraciju ljudskih prava.
Ovaj dokument, koji je sastavio međunarodni komitet
01:16
This document, written by an international committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt,
21
76029
4396
na čelu sa Elenor Ruzvelt,
01:20
lays the basis for modern international human rights law.
22
80425
3622
postavio je temelj savremenom međunarodnom pravu ljudskih sloboda.
01:24
The declaration is based on the principle
23
84047
2005
Deklaracija je zasnovana na principu
01:26
that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
24
86052
6546
da su sva ljudska bića rođena slobodna i jednaka prema dostojanstvu i pravima.
01:32
It lists 30 articles recognizing, among other things,
25
92598
3055
Ona ima 30 članova koji prepoznaju, između ostalog
01:35
the principle of nondiscrimination and the right to life and liberty.
26
95653
4271
princip nediskriminacije i pravo na život i slobodu.
01:39
It refers to negative freedoms, like the freedom from torture or slavery,
27
99924
4261
Odnosi se i na negativne slobode, poput slobode od mučenja ili ropstva,
01:44
as well as positive freedoms,
28
104185
1541
kao i na pozitivne slobode,
01:45
such as the freedom of movement and residence.
29
105726
3285
poput slobode kretanja i prebivališta.
01:49
It encompasses basic civil and political rights,
30
109011
2954
Ona obuhvata osnovna građanska i politička prava,
01:51
such as freedom of expression, religion, or peaceful assembly,
31
111965
4016
poput slobode izražavanja, religije, ili mirnog okupljanja,
01:55
as well as social, economic, and cultural rights,
32
115981
3052
kao i društvena, ekonomska, kulturna prava,
01:59
such as the right to education
33
119033
1866
poput prava na obrazovanje
02:00
and the right to freely choose one's occupation
34
120899
2528
i prava na slobodan izbor zanimanja
02:03
and be paid and treated fairly.
35
123427
2831
i pravo na nadoknadu i pravedno postupanje.
02:06
The declaration takes no sides as to which rights are more important,
36
126258
3882
Deklaracija ne određuje koja su prava važnija,
insistirajući na njihovoj univerzalnosti,
02:10
insisting on their universality,
37
130140
1742
02:11
indivisibility,
38
131882
1566
neotuđivosti
02:13
and interdependence.
39
133448
1831
i međuzavisnosti.
02:15
And in the past decades, international human rights law has grown,
40
135279
3827
A proteklih decenija, međunarodni zakoni o ljudskim pravima su narasli,
02:19
deepening and expanding our understanding of what human rights are,
41
139106
3240
produbljujući i proširujući naše razumevanje ljudskih prava
02:22
and how to better protect them.
42
142346
2732
i kako da ih bolje štitimo.
02:25
So if these principles are so well-developed,
43
145078
2186
Pa, ako su ovi principi tako dobro razvijeni,
02:27
then why are human rights abused and ignored time and time again
44
147264
4461
zašto se onda ljudska prava konstantno zloupotrebljavaju i ignorišu
02:31
all over the world?
45
151725
2867
širom sveta?
02:34
The problem in general is that it is not at all easy
46
154592
3882
Problem je uopšteno što nije tako jednostavno
02:38
to universally enforce these rights or to punish transgressors.
47
158474
4271
univerzalno učvrstiti ova prava ili kazniti prestupnike.
02:42
The UDHR itself, despite being highly authoritative and respected,
48
162745
4072
UDLJP sama, uprkos tome što je veoma merodavna i poštovana,
02:46
is a declaration, not a hard law.
49
166817
2885
je deklaracija, ne čvrsti zakon.
02:49
So when individual countries violate it,
50
169702
2000
Pa kada je pojedinačne države prekrše,
02:51
the mechanisms to address those violations are weak.
51
171702
4139
mehanizmi bavljenja ovim prekršajima su slabi.
02:55
For example, the main bodies within the UN in charge of protecting human rights
52
175841
4626
Na primer, glavna tela pri UN koja su nadležna za zaštitu ljudskih prava
03:00
mostly monitor and investigate violations,
53
180467
2975
uglavnom nadgledaju i istražuju prekršaje,
03:03
but they cannot force states to, say, change a policy or compensate a victim.
54
183442
6714
no ne mogu da primoraju države da, recimo, menjaju zakone ili da obeštete žrtvu.
03:10
That's why some critics say it's naive to consider human rights a given
55
190156
3575
Zato neki kritičari smatraju da je naivno smatrati ljudska prava datim
03:13
in a world where state interests wield so much power.
56
193731
4482
u svetu u kome državni interesi imaju toliko moći.
03:18
Critics also question the universality of human rights
57
198213
2928
Kritičari takođe dovode u pitanje univerzalnost ljudskih prava
03:21
and emphasize that their development
58
201141
1896
i naglašavaju da je njihov razvoj
03:23
has been heavily guided by a small number of mostly Western nations
59
203037
4651
bio prilično vođen malim brojem, većinom Zapadnih nacija
03:27
to the detriment of inclusiveness.
60
207688
2476
na štetu sveobuhvatnosti.
03:30
The result?
61
210164
1316
Rezultati?
03:31
A general bias in favor of civil policital liberties
62
211480
2505
Opšta pristrasnost u korist građanskih političkih sloboda,
03:33
over sociopolitical rights
63
213985
2470
iznad društveno-političkih prava
03:36
and of individual over collective or groups rights.
64
216455
4331
i lična prava iznad kolektivnih ili grupnih prava.
03:40
Others defend universal human rights laws
65
220786
2373
Drugi brane univerzalne zakone o ljudskim pravima
03:43
and point at the positive role they have on setting international standards
66
223159
3984
i ističu pozitivnu ulogu koju su imali u postavljanju međunarodnih standarda
03:47
and helping activists in their campaigns.
67
227143
3306
i pomoći aktivistima i njihovim kampanjama.
03:50
They also point out
68
230449
968
Takođe ističu
03:51
that not all international human rights instruments are powerless.
69
231417
3816
da nisu svi instrumenti međunarodnih ljudskih prava nemoćni.
03:55
For example, the European Convention on Human Rights establishes a court
70
235233
3985
Na primer, Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima je osnovala sud
03:59
where the 47 member countries and their citizens can bring cases.
71
239218
4228
gde 47 zemalja članica i njihovi građani mogu da iznesu svoj slučaj.
04:03
The court issues binding decisions that each member state must comply with.
72
243446
5526
Sud donosi obavezujuće odluke kojima se svaka zemlja članica mora povinovati.
04:08
Human rights law is constantly evolving
73
248972
2253
Zakon o ljudskim pravima se stalno unapređuje, kao i naši stavovi
04:11
as are our views and definitions of what the basic human rights should be.
74
251225
4815
i definicije toga šta bi osnovna ljudska prava trebalo da budu.
04:16
For example, how basic or important is the right to democracy
75
256040
3530
Na primer, koliko je elementarno ili važno pravo na demokratiju
04:19
or to development?
76
259570
2143
ili na razvoj?
04:21
And as our lives are increasingly digital,
77
261713
2039
I, kako su naši životi sve više digitalni,
04:23
should there be a right to access the Internet?
78
263752
3108
da li bi trebalo da postoji pravo na pristup internetu?
04:26
A right to digital privacy?
79
266860
2066
Pravo na digitalnu privatnost?
04:28
What do you think?
80
268926
1474
Šta vi mislite?
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7