How does the thyroid manage your metabolism? - Emma Bryce

Kako štitna žlezda upravlja vašim metabolizmom? - Ema Brajs (Emma Bryce)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Ivana Korom

Nestled in the tissues of your neck is a small unassuming organ

U tkivu vašeg vrata smešten je mali, skroman organ

that wields enormous power over your body.

koji ima ogromnu moć nad vašim telom.

It's called the thyroid.

Njegovo ime je štitna žlezda.

Like the operations manager in a company,

Poput rukovodioca posla u kompaniji,

its role is to make sure that the cells in your body are working properly.

njena uloga je da se postara da ćelije u vašem telu funkcionišu.

It does that by using hormones to deliver messages to every single one of them.

Ona to radi uz pomoć hormona, kojima nosi poruke do svake ćelije.

This high-ranking organ is made up of lobules

Ovaj bitni organ sastoji se od lobula,

that each contains smaller cells called follicles,

koje sadrže manje ćelije zvane folikulima,

which store the hormones the thyroid sends out into your blood.

koji skladište hormone koje štitna žlezda šalje u vaš krvotok.

Two of the most important hormones it produces

Najbitnija dva hormona koja ona proizvodi

are thyroxine and triiodothyronine, or T3 and T4.

su tiroksin i trijodotironin, tj. T3 i T4.

As messengers, the hormone's job

Posao hormona kao glasnika je da naloži

is to instruct every cell in the body when to consume oxygen and nutrients.

svakoj ćeliji u telu kada da uzima kiseonik i hranljive materije.

That maintains the body's metabolism,

Ovo održava metabolizam tela,

the series of reactions our cells perform to provide us with energy.

niz reakcija koje obavljaju naše ćelije kako bi nas snabdevale energijom.

This hormonal notification from the thyroid

Ova hormonska obavest od štitne žlezde

gets the heart pumping more efficiently,

tera srce da efikasnije pumpa

and makes our cells break down nutrients faster.

a naše ćelije brže razgrađuju hranljive sastojke.

When you need more energy,

Kada vam je potrebno više energije,

the thyroid helps by sending out hormones to increase metabolism.

štitna žlezda pomaže tako što šalje hormone da se pojača metabolizam.

Ultimately, the thyroid allows our cells to use energy, grow and reproduce.

Na kraju, štitna žlezda našim ćelijama dozvoljava da koriste energiju,

rastu i razmnožavaju se.

The thyroid is controlled by the pituitary gland,

Štitnu žlezdu kontroliše hipofiza,

a hormonal gland deep in the brain that oversees the thyroid's tasks,

hormonska žlezda u dubini mozga koja nadgleda zadatke štitne žlezde

making sure it knows when to send out its messengers.

i stara se da ona zna kada da pošalje svoje glasnike.

The pituitary's role is to sense if hormone levels in the blood

Uloga hipofize je da oseti kada su nivoi hormona u krvi

are too low or too high,

preniski ili previsoki,

in which case it sends out instructions

u kom slučaju šalje uputstva

in the form of the thyroid- stimulating hormone.

u obliku hormona koji stimuliše štitnu žlezdu.

Even in this tightly controlled system, however,

Ipak, čak i u ovom strogo kontrolisanom sistemu,

management sometimes slips up.

upravi se ponekad omakne.

Certain diseases,

Određene bolesti,

growths in the thryoid

izrasline u štitnoj žlezdi

or chemical imbalances in the body can confuse the organ

ili hemijska neravnoteža u telu mogu da zbune ovaj organ

and make it deaf to the pituitary's guiding commands.

čime on ogluvi na uputstva hipofize.

The first problem this causes is hyperthyroidism,

Prvi problem koji iz ovoga proizilazi je hipertireoza,

which happens when the organ sends out too many hormones.

koja nastaje kada organ šalje previše hormona.

That means the cells are overloaded with instructions

To znači da su ćelije preopterećene uputstvima

to consume nutrients and oxygen.

da konzumiraju hranljive materije i kiseonik.

They become overactive as a result,

Za posledicu postaju preaktivne,

meaning a person with hyperthyroidism experiences a higher metabolism

što znači da osoba sa hipertireozom doživljava veći metabolizam

signaled by a faster heartbeat, constant hunger, and rapid weight loss.

u obliku bržeg rada srca, stalne gladi i munjevitog gubitka težine.

They also feel hot, sweaty, anxious, and find it difficult to sleep.

Tim osobama je i vruće, znoje se, anksiozne su

i imaju poteškoće sa spavanjem.

The opposite problem is hypothyroidism,

Suprotan problem je hipotireoza,

which happens when the thyroid sends out too few hormones,

koja nastaje kada štitna žlezda šalje premalo hormona,

meaning the body's cells don't have as many messengers to guide them.

što znači da ćelije u telu nemaju dovoljno glasnika da ih vode.

In response, cells grow listless and metabolism slows.

Kao posledica, ćelije rastu trome i metabolizam se usporava.

People with hypothyroidism see symptoms in weight gain,

Osobe sa hipotireozom doživljavaju simptome poput viška kilograma,

sluggishness, sensitivity to cold, swollen joints and feeling low.

usporenosti, osetljivosti na hladnoću, nateklih zglobova i osećaja depresije.

Luckily, there are medical treatments

Srećom, postoje lekovi

that can help trigger the thyroid's activities again,

koji mogu pomoći da se ponovo aktiviraju aktivnosti štitne žlezde

and bring the body back to a steady metabolic rate.

i da se telo vrati na stabilnu brzinu metabolizma.

For such a little organ, the thyroid wields an awful lot of power.

Za tako mali organ, štitna žlezda ima ogromnu moć.

But a healthy thyroid manages our cells so effectively

Ali zdrava štitna žlezda upravlja našim telom tako efikasno

that it can keep us running smoothly without us even noticing it's there.

da uz pomoć nje funkcionišemo i ni ne primetimo da je ona tu.