How does the thyroid manage your metabolism? - Emma Bryce

Kako štitnjača upravlja vašim metabolizmom? - Emma Bryce

Prevoditelj: Jasna Matek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Nestled in the tissues of your neck is a small unassuming organ

U tkivima vrata smješten je mali skromni organ

that wields enormous power over your body.

koji posjeduje ogromnu moć nad tijelom.

It's called the thyroid.

Zove se štitnjača.

Like the operations manager in a company,

Poput voditelja u tvrtki,

its role is to make sure that the cells in your body are working properly.

njena uloga je brinuti se da stanice u tijelu ispravno rade.

It does that by using hormones to deliver messages to every single one of them.

To čini koristeći hormone da prenose poruke svakoj pojedinoj stanici.

This high-ranking organ is made up of lobules

Ovaj visokorangirani organ sačinjen je od lobula

that each contains smaller cells called follicles,

od kojih svaka sadrži manje stanice zvane folikule,

which store the hormones the thyroid sends out into your blood.

koje pohranjuju hormone koje štitnjača odašilje u krv.

Two of the most important hormones it produces

Dva najvažnija hormona koja proizvodi

are thyroxine and triiodothyronine, or T3 and T4.

su tiroksin i triodtironin, odnosno T3 i T4.

As messengers, the hormone's job

Kao glasnicima, zadatak hormona

is to instruct every cell in the body when to consume oxygen and nutrients.

je uputiti svaku stanicu u tijelu kada konzumirati kisik i hranjive tvari.

That maintains the body's metabolism,

To održava tjelesni metabolizam,

the series of reactions our cells perform to provide us with energy.

niz reakcija koje naše stanice izvode kako bi nas opskrbile energijom.

This hormonal notification from the thyroid

Ova hormonska dojava štitnjače

gets the heart pumping more efficiently,

uzrokuje učinkovitije pumpanje srca

and makes our cells break down nutrients faster.

i pomaže našim stanicama brže razgraditi hranjive tvari.

When you need more energy,

Kada trebate više energije,

the thyroid helps by sending out hormones to increase metabolism.

štitnjača pomaže odašiljanjem hormona radi ubrzanja metabolizma.

Ultimately, the thyroid allows our cells to use energy, grow and reproduce.

Konačno, štitnjača omogućuje stanicama da koriste energiju, da rastu i množe se.

The thyroid is controlled by the pituitary gland,

Štitnjaču kontrolira hipofiza,

a hormonal gland deep in the brain that oversees the thyroid's tasks,

hormonska žlijezda duboko u mozgu koja nadgleda sve zadatke štitnjače,

making sure it knows when to send out its messengers.

brinući se za to da zna kada poslati svoje glasnike.

The pituitary's role is to sense if hormone levels in the blood

Uloga hipofize je osjetiti ukoliko su razine hormona u krvi

are too low or too high,

preniske ili previsoke,

in which case it sends out instructions

u kojem slučaju odašilje upute

in the form of the thyroid- stimulating hormone.

u obliku tiroidno-stimulirajućeg hormona.

Even in this tightly controlled system, however,

Međutim, čak i u ovom strogo kontroliranom sustavu

management sometimes slips up.

rukovodstvo ponekad zakaže.

Certain diseases,

Određene bolesti,

growths in the thryoid

povećanje štitnjače

or chemical imbalances in the body can confuse the organ

ili kemijske neuravnoteženosti u tijelu mogu zbuniti organ

and make it deaf to the pituitary's guiding commands.

i oglušiti ga na hipofizine naredbe.

The first problem this causes is hyperthyroidism,

Prvi problem koji time rezultira je hipertireoza,

which happens when the organ sends out too many hormones.

koja se dogodi kada organ šalje previše hormona.

That means the cells are overloaded with instructions

To znači da su stanice prekrcane uputama

to consume nutrients and oxygen.

da konzumiraju hranjive tvari i kisik.

They become overactive as a result,

Kao rezultat toga, one postaju preaktivne,

meaning a person with hyperthyroidism experiences a higher metabolism

što znači da osoba s hipertireozom osjeća brži metabolizam

signaled by a faster heartbeat, constant hunger, and rapid weight loss.

kojeg signalizira brži rad srca, neprestana glad i brzo mršavljenje.

They also feel hot, sweaty, anxious, and find it difficult to sleep.

Također osjećaju vrućinu, znoj, anksioznost, te im je teže spavati.

The opposite problem is hypothyroidism,

Problem suprotan tome je hipertireoza,

which happens when the thyroid sends out too few hormones,

koja se dogodi kada štitnjača pošalje premalo hormona,

meaning the body's cells don't have as many messengers to guide them.

što znači da tjelesne stanice nemaju dovoljno glasnika da ih usmjeravaju.

In response, cells grow listless and metabolism slows.

Posljedično tome, stanice postaju trome i metabolizam uspori.

People with hypothyroidism see symptoms in weight gain,

Ljudi s hipotireozom simptome vide u debljanju,

sluggishness, sensitivity to cold, swollen joints and feeling low.

sporosti, osjetljivosti na hladnoću, nateklim zglobovima i depresivnosti.

Luckily, there are medical treatments

Srećom, postoje zdravstveni tretmani

that can help trigger the thyroid's activities again,

koji mogu pomoći ponovno potaknuti aktivnosti štitnjače

and bring the body back to a steady metabolic rate.

i vratiti tijelo u stabilni metabolički ritam.

For such a little organ, the thyroid wields an awful lot of power.

Za tako mali organ, štitnjača posjeduje jako veliku moć.

But a healthy thyroid manages our cells so effectively

Ali zdrava štitnjača upravlja našim stanicama tako učinkovito

that it can keep us running smoothly without us even noticing it's there.

da može rukovoditi nama tako glatko da niti ne primijetimo da je tu.