The mystery of motion sickness - Rose Eveleth

Misterija bolesti putovanja - Rouz Evelet (Rose Eveleth)

Prevodilac: Jasna Andjelkovic Lektor: Ivana Korom

Can you read in the car?

Možete li da čitate u kolima?

If so, consider yourself pretty lucky.

Ako možete, smatrajte se prilično srećnim.

For one-third of the population,

Otprilike trećini populacije, čitanje u vožnji automobilom,

looking at a book while moving along in a car

or a boat or train or plane

čamcem, vozom, ili avionom

uzrokuje i mučninu u želucu.

quickly makes them sick to their stomach.

Ali zašto uopšte imamo mučninu?

But why do we get motion sickness in the first place?

Well, believe it or not, scientists aren't exactly sure.

Pa, verovali ili ne,

ni naučnici nisu potpuno sigurni.

The most common theory has to do

Najčešća teorija ima veze sa neusklađenim čulnim signalima.

with mismatched sensory signals.

When you travel in a car, your body gets two different messages.

Kada putujete automobilom,

vaše telo dobija dve vrlo različite poruke.

Your eyes are seeing the inside of a vehicle,

Vaše oči vide unutrašnjost vozila,

which doesn't seem to be moving.

koja deluje nepomično,

dok vaše uši govore mozgu

Meanwhile, your ear is telling your brain you're accelerating.

da se krećete.

Wait, your ear?

Stanite malo, vaše uši?

Your ear has another important function besides hearing.

Da, vaše uši u stvari

imaju još jednu važnu funkciju osim slušanja.

In its innermost part lies a group of structures known as the vestibular system,

U dubokoj unutrašnjosti uha

nalazi se centar za ravnotežu,

which gives us our sense of balance and movement.

koji nam daje osećaj ravnoteže i kretanja.

Inside there are three semicircular tubules

Unutar njega postoje tri polukružne cevčice

that can sense rotation, one for each dimension of space.

koje osećaju rotaciju, po jedna za svaku dimenziju u prostoru.

Tu su i dve vrećice oivičene dlačicama, ispunjene tečnošću.

And there are also two hair-lined sacks filled with fluid.

Kada se krećete, tečnost se premešta i golica dlačice,

When you move, the fluid shifts and tickles the hairs,

koje govore mozgu da li se krećete horizontalno ili vertikalno.

telling your brain if you're moving horizontally or vertically.

All this tells your body which direction you're moving in,

Sa svim tim u kombinaciji vaše telo oseća

u kom pravcu se krećete, koliko ubrzavate,

how much you've accelerated, even at what angle.

pa čak i pod kojim uglom.

Kada ste u kolima,

In a car,

vaš centar za ravnotežu ispravno oseća pokret,

your vestibular system correctly senses your movement,

ali vaše oči ga ne registruju, naročito ako su prikovane za knjigu.

but your eyes don't see it, especially when glued to a book.

I suprotno se može desiti.

The opposite can happen.

Recimo kada ste u bioskopu, a kamera napravi širok, brišući pokret.

You're at the movies, and the camera makes a sweeping move.

Ovog puta vaše oči misle da se krećete

This time, your eyes think you're moving

dok uši znaju da sedite mirno.

while your ear knows you're sitting still.

Zašto ove suprotstavljene informacije čine da se osećamo tako loše?

But why does this conflicting information make us feel so terrible?

Naučnici takođe nisu sigurni,

Scientists aren't sure,

ali smatraju da je objašnjenje u evoluciji.

but they think there's an evolutionary explanation.

Kao što znate, brza vozila i video zapisi

Fast moving vehicles and video recordings

postoje poslednjih nekoliko vekova,

have only existed in the last couple of centuries,

jedva treptaj u evolutivnom periodu.

a blink in evolutionary time.

U najvećem delu istorije nije postojalo toliko toga

For most of our history, there wasn't that much

that could cause this sensory mix-up,

što može dovesti do suprotstavljenih signala

except for poisons.

osim otrova.

And because poisons are not the best thing for survival,

I iz razloga što otrovi nisu najbolja stvar za opstanak

naše telo je razvilo prilično jasan ali ne i veoma prijatan način

our bodies evolved a direct but unpleasant way

da se reši svega što smo pojeli, a može nam izazvati smetnje.

to get rid of what we ate that was causing the confusion.

It's a pretty reasonable theory, but it leaves things unexplained,

Ova teorija čini se razumnom, ali ostavlja dosta neobjašnjenog

na primer: zašto je ženama češće muka nego muškarcima,

like why women are more affected by motion sickness than men,

or why passengers get more nauseous than drivers.

ili usled čega su putnici time pogođeniji nego vozači.

Još jedna teorija kaže da uzrok možda više ima veze

Another theory suggests that the cause is more about

the way some unfamiliar situations

sa nepoznatim situacijama

koje nam otežavaju

make it harder to maintain our natural body posture.

prirodan stav tela.

Studies show that being immersed in water or just changing your stance

Istraživanja pokazuju da zaronom u vodu

ili menjanjem položaja tela u mnogome možemo smanjiti efekat

can greatly reduce the effects of motion sickness.

mučnine pri kretanju.

But we don't really know what's going on.

Ali ipak, ne znamo šta se stvarno dešava.

We know the more common remedies for car queasiness --

Znamo standardna sredstva koja pomažu

kod mučnine pri kretanju -

looking at the horizon, over-the-counter pills, chewing gum,

gledanje u horizont, žvakanje žvake, tablete za mučninu -

but none are totally reliable

iako ništa nije potpuno pouzdano niti može izlečiti

nor can they handle intense motion sickness

jako intenzivne mučnine pri putovanjima, a nekad je rizik

and sometimes the stakes are far higher than just not being bored

daleko veći od dosađivanja pri dugom putovanju autom.

during a long car ride.

U NASI, gde se astronauti šalju u svemir

At NASA, where astronauts are hurled into space at 17,000 miles per hour,

pri brzini od oko 27.000 km / h,

motion sickness is a serious problem.

mučnina pri kretanju je ozbiljan problem.

In addition to researching the latest space-age technologies,

Te, pored istraživanja poslednje svemirske tehnologije,

NASA also spends a lot of time

NASA provodi i dosta vremena u pokušaju da ustanovi

figuring out how to keep astronauts from vomiting up their space rations.

kako da spreči astronaute da ispovraćaju marljivo pripremljene zalihe hrane.

Like understanding the mysteries of sleep or curing the common cold,

Slično razumevanju tajni sna ili lečenju uobičajene prehlade,

motion sickness is one of those seemingly simple problems that,

mučnina u vožnji ostaje jedan od onih naizgled jednostavnih problema,

despite amazing scientific progress, we still know very little about.

o kom, uprkos neverovatnom naučnom napretku,

još uvek znamo vrlo malo.

Perhaps one day the exact cause of motion sickness will be found,

Možda će jednog dana tačan uzrok mučnine pri kretanju,

and with it, a completely effective way to prevent it,

a ujedno i potpuno delotvoran način preventive, biti poznati,

but that day is still on the horizon.

ali za sada taj dan je samo na horizontu.