The mystery of motion sickness - Rose Eveleth

1,575,796 views ใƒป 2014-01-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Can you read in the car?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช?
00:08
If so, consider yourself pretty lucky.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืชื“ืขื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื–ืœ.
00:09
For one-third of the population,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
00:11
looking at a book while moving along in a car
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ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
00:13
or a boat or train or plane
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ืื• ืกื™ืจื”
ืื• ืจื›ื‘ืช
ืื• ืžื˜ื•ืก
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืœื”.
00:15
quickly makes them sick to their stomach.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืœืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
00:17
But why do we get motion sickness in the first place?
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00:19
Well, believe it or not, scientists aren't exactly sure.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื,
ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
00:22
The most common theory has to do
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช
00:23
with mismatched sensory signals.
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ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
00:25
When you travel in a car, your body gets two different messages.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
00:28
Your eyes are seeing the inside of a vehicle,
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ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
00:30
which doesn't seem to be moving.
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ืฉื ืจืื” ื ื™ื™ื—.
ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
00:32
Meanwhile, your ear is telling your brain you're accelerating.
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ืฉืืชื ืžืื™ืฆื™ื
00:35
Wait, your ear?
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ืจื’ืข, ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ?
00:36
Your ear has another important function besides hearing.
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ื›ืŸ, ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”
ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”.
00:39
In its innermost part lies a group of structures known as the vestibular system,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžืฆื ืžื‘ื ื”
ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืœืจื™ืช,
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื”.
00:43
which gives us our sense of balance and movement.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื
00:45
Inside there are three semicircular tubules
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘,
00:47
that can sense rotation, one for each dimension of space.
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ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื“ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœ
00:50
And there are also two hair-lined sacks filled with fluid.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช.
ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ื–ื–ื™ื,
00:53
When you move, the fluid shifts and tickles the hairs,
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ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื ืข ื•ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช,
ืฉืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ื—
ืื ืืชื ื–ื–ื™ื ืื•ืคืงื™ืช
00:56
telling your brain if you're moving horizontally or vertically.
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ืื• ืื ื›ื™ืช.
00:58
All this tells your body which direction you're moving in,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“,
ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ
ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื ื ืขื™ื,
01:01
how much you've accelerated, even at what angle.
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ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืžืื™ืฆื™ื,
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื–ื•ื™ืช.
ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
01:04
In a car,
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
01:05
your vestibular system correctly senses your movement,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืจื•ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื”,
01:07
but your eyes don't see it, especially when glued to a book.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉืืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืœืกืคืจ.
ื”ื”ืคืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:10
The opposite can happen.
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ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
01:11
You're at the movies, and the camera makes a sweeping move.
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ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืกื•ื—ืคืช.
ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
01:14
This time, your eyes think you're moving
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื–ื–ื™ื
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืชื–ื•ื–ื”.
01:16
while your ear knows you're sitting still.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:18
But why does this conflicting information make us feel so terrible?
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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืข?
ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”,
01:22
Scientists aren't sure,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™.
01:23
but they think there's an evolutionary explanation.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื•ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•
01:25
Fast moving vehicles and video recordings
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ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:27
have only existed in the last couple of centuries,
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืฆืžื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
01:30
a blink in evolutionary time.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
01:31
For most of our history, there wasn't that much
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”
01:33
that could cause this sensory mix-up,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื
01:35
except for poisons.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืจืขืœื™ื.
01:36
And because poisons are not the best thing for survival,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจืขืœื™ื
ื”ื ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช,
ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืคื™ืชื— ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื”
01:40
our bodies evolved a direct but unpleasant way
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืขื™ืžื”
ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื›ืœื ื•
01:43
to get rid of what we ate that was causing the confusion.
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ืฉื’ืจื ืœื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœ.
01:45
It's a pretty reasonable theory, but it leaves things unexplained,
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื ืฉืžืขืช ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื
ื›ืžื• ืœืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช
01:49
like why women are more affected by motion sickness than men,
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ืžืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
ืื• ืœืžื” ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื”
01:51
or why passengers get more nauseous than drivers.
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ืžื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื.
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืฆื™ืขื”
01:54
Another theory suggests that the cause is more about
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ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:56
the way some unfamiliar situations
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ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื
ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ
01:58
make it harder to maintain our natural body posture.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:00
Studies show that being immersed in water or just changing your stance
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื•
ืฉืžื™ ืฉืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ื
ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื”
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
02:04
can greatly reduce the effects of motion sickness.
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
02:06
But we don't really know what's going on.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
02:08
We know the more common remedies for car queasiness --
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื
ืœื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ --
02:11
looking at the horizon, over-the-counter pills, chewing gum,
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืง,
ืœืœืขื•ืก ืžืกื˜ื™ืง,
ืœืงื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช -
ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ืืžื™ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
02:14
but none are totally reliable
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02:15
nor can they handle intense motion sickness
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ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
ืขื ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”
02:17
and sometimes the stakes are far higher than just not being bored
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื
ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืขืžื•ื
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื”.
02:21
during a long car ride.
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ื‘ื ืืก"ื, ืฉื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืขืคื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ
02:22
At NASA, where astronauts are hurled into space at 17,000 miles per hour,
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ื‘ 26,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉืขื”,
02:25
motion sickness is a serious problem.
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ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
02:27
In addition to researching the latest space-age technologies,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื—ืงืจ
ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:30
NASA also spends a lot of time
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ื ืืก"ื ื’ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
02:32
figuring out how to keep astronauts from vomiting up their space rations.
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื
ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงืคื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:36
Like understanding the mysteries of sleep or curing the common cold,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”
ืื• ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ,
02:39
motion sickness is one of those seemingly simple problems that,
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ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ืฉืืจืช ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ
ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช,
02:42
despite amazing scientific progress, we still know very little about.
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ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื“ืขื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:46
Perhaps one day the exact cause of motion sickness will be found,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช
ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืชื™ืžืฆื,
02:49
and with it, a completely effective way to prevent it,
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ื•ืื™ืชื”,
ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื”,
02:51
but that day is still on the horizon.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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