Should you trust your first impression? - Peter Mende-Siedlecki

Da li bi trebalo da verujete prvom utisku? Piter Mende-Sedlecki

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Imagine you're at a football game

Zamislite da ste na utakmici

when this obnoxious guy sits next to you.

i ovaj užasni lik sedi pored vas.

He's loud,

he spills his drink on you,

Glasan je,

prosipa piće po vama,

and he makes fun of your team.

ismeva vaš tim.

Days later, you're walking in the park

Danima kasnije, šetate parkom

when suddenly it starts to pour rain.

i iznenada počinje kiša.

Who should show up at your side

Ko se pojavljuje

to offer you an umbrella?

da vam ponudi kišobran?

The same guy from the football game.

Isti onaj lik sa utakmice.

Do you change your mind about him

Da li menjate mišljenje o njemu

based on this second encounter,

na osnovu tog drugog susreta

or do you go with your first impression

ili ostajete pri prvom utisku

and write him off?

i otpisujete ga?

Research in social psychology suggests

Istraživanja u socijalnoj psihologiji pokazuju

that we're quick to form lasting impressions of others

da brzo formiramo trajni utisak o drugima

based on their behaviors.

na osnovu njihovog ponašanja.

We manage to do this with little effort,

To činimo bez napora,

inferring stable character traits

pridajući im trajne osobine

from a single behavior,

na osnovu jednog postupka,

like a harsh word

kao što je gruba reč

or a clumsy step.

ili nespretan pokret.

Using our impressions as guides,

Koristeći svoje utiske kao vodilje,

we can accurately predict

možemo tačno predvideti

how people are going to behave in the future.

kako će se ljudi ubuduće ponašati.

Armed with the knowledge

Naoružani znanjem

the guy from the football game

da je tip sa utakmice

was a jerk the first time you met him,

bio kreten kad ste ga prvi put videli,

you might expect more of the same down the road.

možda ćete očekivati da i dalje bude takav.

If so, you might choose to avoid him

Ako je tako, možda ćete hteti

the next time you see him.

sledeći put da ga izbegnete.

That said, we can change our impressions

S tim na umu, možemo menjati prvi utisak

in light of new information.

u svetlu novih informacija.

Behavioral researchers have identified

Istraživači ponašanja su utvrdili

consistent patterns that seem to guide

postojane obrasce koji upravljaju

this process of impression updating.

procesom ispravljanja utiska.

On one hand, learning very negative,

S jedne strane, saznavanje veoma negativne,

highly immoral information about someone

izuzetno nemoralne činjenice o nekome

typically has a stronger impact

uglavnom ima jači utisak

than learning very positive, highly moral information.

nego saznavanje veoma pozitivne, veoma moralne činjenice.

So, unfortunately for our new friend

Dakle, nažalost po našeg novog prijatelja

from the football game,

sa utakmice,

his bad behavior at the game

njegovo loše ponašanje na utakmici

might outweigh his good behavior at the park.

može da zaseni njegovo lepo ponašanje u parku.

Research suggests that this bias occurs

Istraživanje ukazuje da se ova pristrasnost javlja

because immoral behaviors are more diagnostic,

zato što su nemoralna ponašanja više dijagnostička,

or revealing,

više otkrivaju

of a person's true character.

pravi karakter neke osobe.

Okay, so by this logic,

Dakle, ovom logikom,

bad is always stronger than good

loše je uvek jače od dobrog

when it comes to updating.

kad je u pitanju ispravljanje utiska.

Well, not necessarily.

Pa, ne baš.

Certain types of learning don't seem to lead

Neka saznanja ne dovode

to this sort of negativity bias.

do ovakve negativne pristrasnosti.

When learning about another person's abilities and competencies,

Kad saznamo o sposobnostima neke osobe,

for instance,

na primer,

this bias flips.

pristrasnost se preokreće.

It's actually the positive information

Sada pozitivne informacije

that gets weighted more heavily.

imaju veću težinu.

Let's go back to that football game.

Vratimo se na onu utakmicu.

If a player scores a goal,

Ako igrač da gol,

it ultimately has a stronger impact

to će imati veći uticaj

on your impression of their skills

na vaš utisak o njegovim veštinama,

than if they miss the net.

nego ako promaši mrežu.

The two sides of the updating story

Dve strane ispravljanja utiska

are ultimately quite consistent.

su prilično postojane.

Overall, behaviors that are perceived

Sve u svemu, prilikom ispravljanja utiska,

as being less frequent are also the ones

ljudi više težine stavljaju

that people tend to weigh more heavily

na ponašanja koja vide kao

when forming and updating impressions,

ređa -

highly immoral actions

izuzetno nemoralne aktivnosti

and highly competent actions.

i izuzetno sposobne.

So, what's happening at the level of the brain

Dakle, šta se u mozgu dešava

when we're updating our impressions?

kada ispravljamo svoje utiske?

Using fMRI,

Koristeći fMRI,

or functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,

funkcionalnu magnetnu rezonancu,

researchers have identified

naučnici su identifikovali

an extended network of brain regions

proširenu mrežu regija u mozgu

that respond to new information

koje odgovaraju na nove informacije

that's inconsistent with initial impressions.

koje nisu u skladu sa prvobitnim utiscima.

These include areas typically associated

One uključuju oblasti koje su inače povezane

with social cognition,

sa socijalnom kognicijom,

attention,

pažnjom

and cognitive control.

i kognitivnom kontrolom.

Moreover, when updating impressions

Štaviše, kada ispravljamo utiske,

based on people's behaviors,

zasnovane na ponašanjima ljudi,

activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

aktivnost u bočnom prefrontalnom korteksu

and the superior temporal sulcus

i temporalnom režnju

correlates with perceptions

korelira sa percepcijama

of how frequently those behaviors occur in daily life.

učestalosti ovih ponašanja u svakodnevnom životu.

In other words, the brain seems to be tracking

Drugim rečima, izgleda da mozak prati

low-level, statistical properties of behavior

statističke karakteristike ponašanja niskog nivoa,

in order to make complex decisions

kako bi doneo kompleksne odluke

regarding other people's character.

u vezi sa karakterom drugih ljudi.

It needs to decide

Mora da odluči

is this person's behavior typical

da li je ponašanje te osobe

or is it out of the ordinary?

tipično ili neuobičajeno.

In the situation

U situaciji u kojoj

with the obnoxious-football-fan-turned-good-samaritan,

je užasni navijač postao dobri samarićanin,

your brain says,

vaš mozak kaže:

"Well, in my experience,

"Iz mog iskustva,

pretty much anyone would lend someone their umbrella,

skoro svako bi nekome pozajmio kišobran,

but the way this guy acted at the football game,

ali ponašanje ovog lika na utakmici

that was unusual."

je bilo neobično."

And so, you decide to go with your first impression.

I tako odlučite da se držite prvog utiska.

There's a good moral in this data:

U ovim podacima je dobra poruka:

your brain, and by extension you,

vašem mozgu, pa tako i vama,

might care more about

možda je više stalo

the very negative, immoral things

do veoma negativnih, nemoralnih stvari

another person has done

koje druga osoba radi,

compared to the very positive, moral things,

u poređenju sa veoma pozitivnim i moralnim stvarima,

but it's a direct result

ali to je direktna posledica

of the comparative rarity of those bad behaviors.

komparativne retkosti tih loših ponašanja.

We're more used to people being basically good,

Više smo navikli da su ljudi u osnovi dobri,

like taking time to help a stranger in need.

npr. da pomažu nepoznatima.

In this context, bad might be stronger than good,

U ovom slučaju, loše je možda jače od dobrog,

but only because good is more plentiful.

ali samo zato što dobrog ima mnogo više.

Think about the last time you judged someone

Setite se kad ste poslednji put doneli sud o nekome

based on their behavior,

na osnovu njihovog ponašanja,

especially a time when you really feel

posebno vremena kad mislite

like you changed your mind about someone.

da ste promenili mišljenje o nekome.

Was the behavior that caused you

Da li je ponašanje koje vas je navelo

to update your impression

da promenite svoj utisak

something you'd expect anyone to do,

bilo nešto što biste očekivali od svakog

or was it something totally out of the ordinary?

ili nešto potpuno neuobičajeno?