Debunking the myths of OCD - Natascha M. Santos

Raskrinkavanje mitova o opsesivno-kompulzivnom poremećaju - Nataša M. Santos (Natascha M. Santos)

11,411,206 views

2015-05-19 ・ TED-Ed


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Debunking the myths of OCD - Natascha M. Santos

Raskrinkavanje mitova o opsesivno-kompulzivnom poremećaju - Nataša M. Santos (Natascha M. Santos)

11,411,206 views ・ 2015-05-19

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća
00:06
There's a common misconception
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Postoji uvreženo pogrešno mišljenje
00:08
that if you like to meticulously organize your things,
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da ako volite da pedantno organizujete svoje stvari,
00:11
keep your hands clean,
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održavate ruke čistima
00:12
or plan out your weekend to the last detail,
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ili planirate vikend do poslednjeg detalja,
00:15
you might have OCD.
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možda imate OKP.
00:19
In fact, OCD, which stands for obsessive compulsive disorder,
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U stvari, OKP, što označava opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj,
00:24
is a serious psychiatric condition
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ozbiljno je psihijatrijsko stanje
00:26
that is frequently misunderstood by society
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koje učestalo nailazi na pogrešno razumevanje društva,
00:28
and mental health professionals alike.
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ali i profesionalaca iz područja mentalnog zdravlja.
00:31
So let's start by debunking some myths.
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Započnimo sa raskrinkavanjem nekih mitova.
00:34
Myth one: repetitive or ritualistic behaviors are synonymous with OCD.
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Mit broj 1:
repetitivna ili ritualistička ponašanja
jednaka su OKP-u.
00:40
As its name suggests,
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Kao što i samo ime govori,
00:41
obsessive compulsive disorder has two aspects:
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opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj ima dva aspekta -
00:45
the intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, known as obsessions,
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nametljive misli, slike ili impulse, poznate kao opsesije,
00:50
and the behavioral compulsions people engage in
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i prisilna ponašanja koja ljudi upražnjavaju
00:53
to relieve the anxiety the obsessions cause.
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da bi odagnali anksioznost koju prouzrokuju opsesije.
00:56
The kinds of actions that people often associate with OCD,
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Radnje koje ljudi često dovode u vezu sa OKP-om,
01:00
like excessive hand washing, or checking things repeatedly,
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kao što su preterano pranje ruku ili proveravanje stvari u više navrata,
01:04
may be examples of obsessive or compulsive tendencies
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mogu biti primeri opsesivnih ili kompulzivnih tendencija
01:08
that many of us exhibit from time to time.
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koje mnogi od nas ispoljavaju s vremena na vreme.
01:10
But the actual disorder is far more rare and can be quite debilitating.
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Međutim, pravi poremećaj je mnogo ređi i može biti prilično iznurujući.
01:16
People affected have little or no control over their obsessive thoughts
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Ljudi pogođeni ovom bolešću
imaju malo ili nimalo kontrole nad opsesivnim mislima
01:20
and compulsive behaviors,
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i kompulzivnim ponašanjem,
01:22
which tend to be time consuming
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što oduzima mnogo vremena
01:24
and interfere with work, school or social life
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i ometa ih u poslu, školovanju ili društvenom životu
01:28
to the point of causing significant distress.
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do te mere da stvara značajnu opasnost.
01:31
This set of diagnostic criteria is what separates people suffering from OCD
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Ovaj skup dijagnostičkih kriterijuma je ono što odvaja ljude koji pate od OKP-a
01:36
from those who may just be a bit more meticulous
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od onih koji su možda nešto pedantniji
01:39
or hygiene obsessed than usual.
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ili opsednutiji higijenom nego što je uobičajeno.
01:42
Myth two: the main symptom of OCD is excessive hand washing.
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Mit broj 2: glavni simptom OKP-a je preterano pranje ruku.
01:47
Although hand washing is the most common image of OCD in popular culture,
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Iako je pranje ruku najuobičajenija slika OKP-a u popularnoj kulturi,
01:51
obsessions and compulsions can take many different forms.
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opsesije i kompulzije mogu da se jave u različitim oblicima.
01:55
Obsessions can manifest as fears of contamination and illness,
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Opsesije mogu da se manifestuju kao strahovi od trovanja i bolesti,
01:59
worries about harming others,
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zabrinutost o povređivanju drugih,
02:02
or preoccupations with numbers, patterns, morality, or sexual identity.
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ili okupiranost brojevima, obrascima, moralnošću, ili seksualnim identitetom.
02:08
And compulsions can range from excessive cleaning or double checking,
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Kompulzije mogu da obuhvataju preterano čišćenje ili proveravanje,
02:11
to the fastidious arrangement of objects,
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sve do probirljivog uređenja predmeta
02:14
or walking in predetermined patterns.
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ili hodanje po unapred određenim obrascima.
02:18
Myth three:
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Mit broj 3:
02:19
individuals with OCD don't understand that they are acting irrationally.
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osobe sa OKP-om ne razumeju da se ponašaju iracionalno.
02:24
Many individuals with OCD actually understand the relationship
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Mnoge osobe sa OKP-om zapravo veoma dobro razumeju
02:28
between their obsessions and compulsions quite well.
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odnos između opsesija i kompulzija.
02:32
Being unable to avoid these thoughts and actions
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Nemogućnost da izbegnu ove misli i radnje,
02:35
despite being aware of their irrationality
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iako postoji svest o njihovoj iracionalnosti,
02:38
is part of the reason why OCD is so distressing.
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jedan je od razloga zašto je OKP tako mučan.
02:42
OCD sufferers report feeling crazy
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Oni koji pate od OKP-a izveštavaju da se osećaju ludo
02:44
for experiencing anxiety based on irrational thoughts
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jer doživljavaju anksioznost koja se zasniva na iracionalnim mislima
02:47
and finding it difficult to control their responses.
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i nalaze da je teško da kontrolišu svoje reakcije.
02:50
So what exactly causes OCD?
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Šta zapravo uzrokuje OKP?
02:53
The frustrating answer is we don't really know.
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Frustrirajući odgovor je da ne znamo zaista šta.
02:56
However, we have some important clues.
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Ipak, posedujemo neke važne naznake.
02:58
OCD is considered a neurobiological disorder.
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OKP se smatra neurobiološkim poremećajem.
03:02
In other words, research suggests that OCD sufferers brains
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Drugim rečima, istraživanje pokazuje da su mozgovi onih koji boluju od OKP-a
03:06
are actually hardwired to behave in a certain fashion.
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podešeni tako da se ponašaju na određeni način.
03:10
Research has implicated three regions of the brain
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Istraživanja obuhvataju tri područja mozga
03:12
variously involved in social behavior and complex cognitive planning,
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raznoliko uključenih u društvenom ponašanju,
složenom kognitivnom planiranju, dobrovoljnim pokretima,
03:16
voluntary movement,
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03:18
and emotional and motivational responses.
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kao i emotivnim i motivacionim reakcijama.
03:22
The other piece of the puzzle
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Drugi deo slagalice je
03:24
is that OCD is associated with low levels of serotonin,
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da se OKP dovodi u vezu sa niskim nivoom serotonina,
03:28
a neurotransmitter that communicates between brain structures
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neurotransmitera koji saobraća između moždanih struktura
03:32
and helps regulate vital processes,
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i pomaže u regulisanju vitalnih procesa,
03:34
such as mood, aggression, impulse control,
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kao što su raspoloženje, agresija, kontrola impulsa,
03:37
sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain.
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san, apetit, temperatura tela i bol.
03:42
But are serotonin and activity in these brain regions the sources of OCD
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Ipak, da li su serotonin i aktivnost u ovim moždanim područjima uzroci OKP-a
03:46
or symptoms of an unknown underlying cause of the disorder.
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ili simptomi nepoznatog unutrašnjeg razloga poremećaja?
03:51
We probably won't know until
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Verovatno nećemo znati
03:52
we have a much more intimate understanding of the brain.
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sve dok ne stignemo do dubljeg razumevanja mozga.
03:56
The good news is there are effective treatments for OCD,
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Dobra vest je da postoje efikasna lečenja OKP-a
04:00
including medications, which increase serotonin in the brain
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koja uključuju lekove koji povećavaju serotonin u mozgu
04:03
by limiting its reabsorption by brain cells,
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ograničavajući njegovu ponovnu apsorbciju od strane moždanih ćelija,
04:06
behavioral therapy that gradually desensitizes patients to their anxieties,
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bihevioralna terapija koja postepeno desenzitizuje pacijenta
prema anksioznostima,
04:11
and in some cases, electroconvulsive therapy,
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a u nekim slučajevima i elektrokonvulzivnu terapiju
04:14
or surgery, when OCD doesn't respond to other forms of treatment.
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ili operaciju, kada OKP ne reaguje na druge vrste lečenja.
04:19
Knowing that your own brain is lying to you
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Saznanje da vas sopstveni mozak laže,
04:21
while not being able to resist its commands can be agonizing.
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a da u isto vreme ne možete da se oduprete njegovim komandama je agonija,
04:26
But with knowledge and understanding comes the power to seek help,
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ali sa znanjem i razumevanjem dolazi i moć da se potraži pomoć,
04:30
and future research into the brain
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a buduća istraživanja mozga
04:31
may finally provide the answers we're looking for.
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mogla bi konačno obezbediti odgovore koje tražimo.
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