Debunking the myths of OCD - Natascha M. Santos

11,564,943 views ใƒป 2015-05-19

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:06
There's a common misconception
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ื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”
00:08
that if you like to meticulously organize your things,
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ืฉืื ืืชื ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”,
00:11
keep your hands clean,
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ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื•ืช,
00:12
or plan out your weekend to the last detail,
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ืื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื“ ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
00:15
you might have OCD.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ODC.
00:19
In fact, OCD, which stands for obsessive compulsive disorder,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, OCD, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ืคืจืขื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช,
00:24
is a serious psychiatric condition
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™
00:26
that is frequently misunderstood by society
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
00:28
and mental health professionals alike.
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ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.
00:31
So let's start by debunking some myths.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื›ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื.
00:34
Myth one: repetitive or ritualistic behaviors are synonymous with OCD.
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ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“: ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืื• ื˜ืงืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœ OCD.
00:40
As its name suggests,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฉื ืžืฆื™ืข,
00:41
obsessive compulsive disorder has two aspects:
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ืœื”ืคืจืขื” ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื:
00:45
the intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, known as obsessions,
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื“ื—ืคื™ื, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื•ืช,
00:50
and the behavioral compulsions people engage in
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ื•ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ
00:53
to relieve the anxiety the obsessions cause.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช.
00:56
The kinds of actions that people often associate with OCD,
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืœ OCD,
01:00
like excessive hand washing, or checking things repeatedly,
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ื›ืžื• ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช, ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
01:04
may be examples of obsessive or compulsive tendencies
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
01:08
that many of us exhibit from time to time.
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
01:10
But the actual disorder is far more rare and can be quite debilitating.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืงืช.
01:16
People affected have little or no control over their obsessive thoughts
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
01:20
and compulsive behaviors,
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
01:22
which tend to be time consuming
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ืฉื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืฆืจื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
01:24
and interfere with work, school or social life
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ื•ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
01:28
to the point of causing significant distress.
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ืขื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ืžืช ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
01:31
This set of diagnostic criteria is what separates people suffering from OCD
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ืกื˜ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž OCD
01:36
from those who may just be a bit more meticulous
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ืžืืœื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืคื“ื ื™ื
01:39
or hygiene obsessed than usual.
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ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
01:42
Myth two: the main symptom of OCD is excessive hand washing.
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ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉื ื™: ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ OCD ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช.
01:47
Although hand washing is the most common image of OCD in popular culture,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ OCD ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช,
01:51
obsessions and compulsions can take many different forms.
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ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:55
Obsessions can manifest as fears of contamination and illness,
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ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื’ืฉื ื›ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื•ืžื—ืœื”,
01:59
worries about harming others,
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ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:02
or preoccupations with numbers, patterns, morality, or sexual identity.
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ืื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืจืœ, ืื• ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
02:08
And compulsions can range from excessive cleaning or double checking,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข ืžื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
02:11
to the fastidious arrangement of objects,
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ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื–ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื,
02:14
or walking in predetermined patterns.
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ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ.
02:18
Myth three:
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ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™:
02:19
individuals with OCD don't understand that they are acting irrationally.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื OCD ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:24
Many individuals with OCD actually understand the relationship
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื OCD ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก
02:28
between their obsessions and compulsions quite well.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
02:32
Being unable to avoid these thoughts and actions
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ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
02:35
despite being aware of their irrationality
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
02:38
is part of the reason why OCD is so distressing.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ OCD ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื˜ืจื™ื“.
02:42
OCD sufferers report feeling crazy
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž OCD ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ
02:44
for experiencing anxiety based on irrational thoughts
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
02:47
and finding it difficult to control their responses.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:50
So what exactly causes OCD?
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ืื– ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื•ืจื ืœ OCD?
02:53
The frustrating answer is we don't really know.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชืกื›ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
02:56
However, we have some important clues.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืจืžื–ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
02:58
OCD is considered a neurobiological disorder.
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OCD ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืคืจืขื” ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
03:02
In other words, research suggests that OCD sufferers brains
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž OCD
03:06
are actually hardwired to behave in a certain fashion.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
03:10
Research has implicated three regions of the brain
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
03:12
variously involved in social behavior and complex cognitive planning,
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
03:16
voluntary movement,
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ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:18
and emotional and motivational responses.
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ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืขืชื™ื•ืช.
03:22
The other piece of the puzzle
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ื”ืคื™ืกื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืื–ืœ
03:24
is that OCD is associated with low levels of serotonin,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉ OCD ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ,
03:28
a neurotransmitter that communicates between brain structures
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ื ื™ื•ืจื• ื˜ืจื ืกืžื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
03:32
and helps regulate vital processes,
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:34
such as mood, aggression, impulse control,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ืื’ืจืกื™ื”, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื—ืคื™ื,
03:37
sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain.
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ืฉื™ื ื”, ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ, ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ืื‘.
03:42
But are serotonin and activity in these brain regions the sources of OCD
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœ OCD
03:46
or symptoms of an unknown underlying cause of the disorder.
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ืื• ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื”.
03:51
We probably won't know until
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื ื“ืข ืขื“
03:52
we have a much more intimate understanding of the brain.
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
03:56
The good news is there are effective treatments for OCD,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœ OCD,
04:00
including medications, which increase serotonin in the brain
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื—
04:03
by limiting its reabsorption by brain cells,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื™ ื”ืžื•ื—,
04:06
behavioral therapy that gradually desensitizes patients to their anxieties,
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ืชืจืคื™ื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
04:11
and in some cases, electroconvulsive therapy,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืชืจืคื™ื™ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
04:14
or surgery, when OCD doesn't respond to other forms of treatment.
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ืื• ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื›ืฉ OCD ืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
04:19
Knowing that your own brain is lying to you
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ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉืงืจ ืœื›ื
04:21
while not being able to resist its commands can be agonizing.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืกืจืช.
04:26
But with knowledge and understanding comes the power to seek help,
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ืืš ืขื ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื–ืจื”,
04:30
and future research into the brain
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืžื•ื— ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื
04:31
may finally provide the answers we're looking for.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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