How do lungs work? - Emma Bryce

Čemu služe pluća? - Ema Brajs (Emma Bryce)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

Many of us have hundreds of things on our minds at any moment,

Mnogi od nas u svakom trenutku imaju na umu stotine stvari

often struggling to keep track of everything we need to do.

i često se mučimo da ispratimo sve što treba da uradimo.

But fortunately,

Ali na sreću,

there's one important thing we don't have to worry about remembering:

postoji jedna bitna stvar za koju ne moramo da brinemo da je zapamtimo:

breathing.

disanje.

When you breathe, you transport oxygen to the body's cells to keep them working

Kada dišete, prenosite kiseonik do ćelija u telu kako bi one radile

and clear your system of the carbon dioxide

i čistite ugljen-dioksid iz svog sistema,

that this work generates.

koji nastaje kao posledica ovog rada.

Breathing, in other words, keeps the body alive.

Drugim rečima, disanje održava telo u životu.

So, how do we accomplish this crucial and complex task

Kako onda postižemo ovaj ključni i kompleksan zadatak

without even thinking about it?

a da o njemu i ne mislimo?

The answer lies in our body's respiratory system.

Odgovor se krije u sistemu za disanje u našem telu.

Like any machinery, it consists of specialized components,

Poput svake mašinerije, sastoji se od posebnih komponenti

and requires a trigger to start functioning.

i potreban mu je prekidač kako bi počeo da radi.

Here, the components are the structures and tissues making up the lungs,

Komponente su ovde strukture i tkiva koja sačinjavaju pluća,

as well as the various other respiratory organs connected to them.

kao i razni drugi organi za disanje koji su povezani sa njima.

And to get this machine moving, we need the autonomic nervous system,

A kako bi se ova mašina pokrenula, potreban nam je autonomni nervni sistem,

our brain's unconscious control center for the vital functions.

centar u našem mozgu za nesvesnu kontrolu vitalnih funkcija.

As the body prepares to take in oxygen-rich air,

Dok se telo prirema da unese vazduh bogat kiseonikom,

this system sends a signal to the muscles around your lungs,

ovaj sistem šalje signal mišićima oko vaših pluća

flattening the diaphragm

i dijafragma se spljošti

and contracting the intercostal muscles between your ribs

a interkostalni mišići među vašim rebrima se skupljaju

to create more space for the lungs to expand.

kako bi stvorili više prostora za širenje pluća.

Air then wooshes into your nose and mouth,

Vazduh onda uleće u vaš nos i usta,

through your trachea,

kroz vaš dušnik

and into the bronchi that split at the trachea's base,

u bronhije koje se razdvajaju na osnovi dušnika

with one entering each lung.

i svaka ide u jedno plučno krilo.

Like tree branches, these small tubes divide into thousands of tinier passages

Poput grana na drveću, ove cevčice se dele na hiljade manjih prolaza

called bronchioles.

koje se zovu bronhiole.

It's tempting to think of the lungs as huge balloons,

Lako je o plućima misliti kao o ogromnom balonu,

but instead of being hollow, they're actually spongy inside,

ali umesto da budu šuplja, ona su iznutra zapravo sunđerasta,

with the bronchioles running throughout the parenchyma tissue.

a bronhiole prolaze kroz parenhimsko tkivo.

At the end of each bronchiole is a little air sack called an alveolus,

Na kraju svake bronhiole nalazi se kesica s vazduhom, alveola,

wrapped in capillaries full of red blood cells

koja je zamotana u kapilare prepune crvenih krvnih ćelija

containing special proteins called hemoglobin.

koje sadrže poseban protein koji se naziva hemoglobin.

The air you've breathed in fills these sacks,

Vazduh koji ste udahnuli ispunjava ove kesice,

causing the lungs to inflate.

od čega se pluća napune.

Here is where the vital exchange occurs.

Ovde se dešava ključna razmena.

At this point, the capillaries are packed with carbon dioxide,

U ovom trenutku, kapilari su puni ugljen-dioksida

and the air sacks are full of oxygen.

a kesice s vazduhom su pune kiseonika.

But due to the basic process of diffusion,

Ali zbog osnovnog procesa difuzije,

the molecules of each gas want to move to a place

molekuli svakog gasa žele da se premeste tamo

where there's a lower concentration of their kind.

gde postoji manja koncentracija istih molekula.

So as oxygen crosses over to the capillaries,

Tako kiseonik prelazi do kapilara,

the hemoglobin grabs it up,

hemoglobin ga zgrabi,

while the carbon dioxide is unloaded into the lungs.

dok se ugljen-dioksid istovaruje u pluća.

The oxygen-rich hemoglobin is then transported throughout the body

Hemoglobin bogat kiseonikom se onda prenosi kroz telo

via the bloodstream.

putem krvotoka.

But what do our lungs do with all that carbon dioxide?

Ali šta naša pluća rade sa svim tim ugljen-dioksidom?

Exhale it, of course.

Izdišu ga, naravno.

The autonomic nervous system kicks in again,

Autonomni nervni sistem se ponovo javlja

causing the diaphragm to ball up,

i navodi dijafragmu da se raširi,

and the intercostal muscles to relax,

dok se interkostalni mišići opuštaju,

making the chest cavities smaller and forcing the lungs to compress.

od čega se smanjuju šupljine u grudima i pluća se navode na sabijanje.

The carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled, and the cycle begins again.

Izbacuje se vazduh bogat ugljen-dioksidom, i ciklus počinje iznova.

So that's how these spongy organs keep our bodies efficiently supplied with air.

Tako ovi sunđerasti organi snabdevaju naša tela vazduhom.

Lungs inhale and exhale between 15 and 25 times a minute,

Pluća udišu i izdišu između 15 i 25 puta u minuti,

which amounts to an incredible 10,000 liters of air each day.

što dovodi do neverovatnih 10 000 litara vazduha svakog dana.

That's a lot of work, but don't sweat it.

To je mnogo rada, ali opustite se.

Your lungs and your autonomic nervous system

Vaša pluća i vaš autonomni nervni sistem

have got it covered.

će se za to pobrinuti.