How do lungs work? - Emma Bryce

Što čine pluća? - Emma Bryce

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Many of us have hundreds of things on our minds at any moment,

Mnogi od nas imaju stotine stvari na pameti u svakom trenutku,

often struggling to keep track of everything we need to do.

često se mučeći da pratimo sve što moramo napraviti.

But fortunately,

Ali srećom,

there's one important thing we don't have to worry about remembering:

postoji jedna važna stvar za koju se ne moramo brinuti:

breathing.

disanje.

When you breathe, you transport oxygen to the body's cells to keep them working

Kada dišete, prenosite kisik u stanice tijela da bi radile

and clear your system of the carbon dioxide

i čistile vaš sustav od ugljik-dioksida

that this work generates.

koje taj rad stvara.

Disanje, drugim riječima, održava vaše tijelo na životu.

Breathing, in other words, keeps the body alive.

So, how do we accomplish this crucial and complex task

Pa, kako obavljamo ovaj krucijalan i složen zadatak,

without even thinking about it?

a da uopće mislimo na njega?

The answer lies in our body's respiratory system.

Odgovor leži u dišnom sustavu našeg tijela.

Like any machinery, it consists of specialized components,

Kao bilo koji stroj, sastoji se od specijaliziranih komponenti,

and requires a trigger to start functioning.

i zahtjeva okidač da bi započeo s radom.

Here, the components are the structures and tissues making up the lungs,

Ovdje, komponente strukture i tkiva koje čini pluća,

as well as the various other respiratory organs connected to them.

kao i druge organe povezane s njima.

And to get this machine moving, we need the autonomic nervous system,

I da bi se ovaj stroj pokrenuo, trebamo autonomni živčani sustav,

our brain's unconscious control center for the vital functions.

nesvjesni sustav našeg mozga za vitalne funkcije.

As the body prepares to take in oxygen-rich air,

Kako se tijelo priprema uzeti zrak bogat kisikom,

this system sends a signal to the muscles around your lungs,

ovaj sustav šalje signal mišićima oko pluća,

flattening the diaphragm

spuštajući dijafragmu

and contracting the intercostal muscles between your ribs

i kontrahirajući interkostalne mišiće između rebara

to create more space for the lungs to expand.

kako bi se stvorilo više prostora da se rašire pluća.

Air then wooshes into your nose and mouth,

Zrak potom ulazi u vaš nos i usta,

through your trachea,

kroz vašu traheju,

and into the bronchi that split at the trachea's base,

i u bronhije koji se odvajaju u bazi traheje,

with one entering each lung.

a svaki ulazi u jedno plućno krilo.

Like tree branches, these small tubes divide into thousands of tinier passages

Kao grane drveta, ove male cijevi vode u tisuće manjih prolaza

called bronchioles.

koji se zovu bronhiole.

It's tempting to think of the lungs as huge balloons,

Primamljivo je misliti o plućima kao velikim balonima,

but instead of being hollow, they're actually spongy inside,

ali umjesto da su šuplja, ona su zapravo spužvasta iznutra,

with the bronchioles running throughout the parenchyma tissue.

s bronhiolama koje se pružaju kroz tkivo parenhima.

At the end of each bronchiole is a little air sack called an alveolus,

Na kraju svake bronhiole, nalazi se malena vrećica zraka, alveola

wrapped in capillaries full of red blood cells

omotana kapilarama punima crvenim krvnim stanicama

containing special proteins called hemoglobin.

koje sadrže posebne bjelančevine, hemoglobin.

The air you've breathed in fills these sacks,

Zrak koji udahnete puni te vrećice,

causing the lungs to inflate.

koristeći pluća kako bi se napuhala.

Here is where the vital exchange occurs.

Ovdje se događa vitalna razmjena.

At this point, the capillaries are packed with carbon dioxide,

U ovoj točci, kapilare su pune ugljik-dioksida,

and the air sacks are full of oxygen.

a zračne vrećice su pune kisika.

But due to the basic process of diffusion,

Ali zbog procesa difuzije,

the molecules of each gas want to move to a place

molekule svakog plina žele otići na mjesto

where there's a lower concentration of their kind.

gdje je niža koncentracija njihove vrste.

Kako kisik prelazi u kapilare,

So as oxygen crosses over to the capillaries,

the hemoglobin grabs it up,

hemoglobin ga preuzima,

while the carbon dioxide is unloaded into the lungs.

dok ugljik dioksid odlazi u pluća.

The oxygen-rich hemoglobin is then transported throughout the body

Kisikom bogat hemoglobin prenosi se kroz tijelo

via the bloodstream.

kroz krvotok.

But what do our lungs do with all that carbon dioxide?

Ali što naša pluća čine sa svim tim ugljik-dioksidom?

Exhale it, of course.

Izdišu ga, naravno.

The autonomic nervous system kicks in again,

Autonomni živčani sustav se ponovno aktivira,

causing the diaphragm to ball up,

uzrokujući skupljanje dijafragme,

and the intercostal muscles to relax,

i opuštanje interkostalnih mišića,

making the chest cavities smaller and forcing the lungs to compress.

smanjujući prsnu šupljinu i komprimirajući pluća.

The carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled, and the cycle begins again.

Zrak bogat ugljičnim-dioksidom se izbacuje, i ciklus ponovno počinje.

So that's how these spongy organs keep our bodies efficiently supplied with air.

To je način kako ovi spužvasti organi pune naše tijelo zrakom.

Lungs inhale and exhale between 15 and 25 times a minute,

Pluća udišu i izdišu otprilike 15 do 25 puta u minuti,

which amounts to an incredible 10,000 liters of air each day.

što vodi do nevjerojatnih 10.000 litara zraka svakog dana.

That's a lot of work, but don't sweat it.

To je puno posla, ali ne brinite.

Your lungs and your autonomic nervous system

Vaša pluća i autonomni živčani sustav

have got it covered.

se brinu za to.