Pam Warhurst: How we can eat our landscapes

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Karen SONG 審譯者: Ann Huang

The will to live life differently can start

換一種生活方式的願望

in some of the most unusual places.

可以開始於最意想不到的地方

This is where I come from, Todmorden.

這是我的家鄉陶德莫登

It's a market town in the north of England,

位於英格蘭北部

15,000 people, between Leeds and Manchester,

人口一萬五千，在里茲和曼徹斯特之間

fairly normal market town.

相當普通的一個市鎮

It used to look like this,

這個城鎮過去是這樣

and now it's more like this,

現在是這樣

with fruit and veg and herbs sprouting up all over the place.

到處種植著水果、蔬菜、草藥

We call it propaganda gardening. (Laughter)

我們稱之為宣傳式園藝（笑聲）

Corner row railway, station car park,

鐵道角落、車站停車場

front of a health center, people's front gardens,

健康中心的門口、民居的前庭花園

and even in front of the police station. (Laughter)

連警察局門口都有（笑聲）

We've got edible canal towpaths,

我們有可食用的運河船道

and we've got sprouting cemeteries.

我們有欣欣向榮的墓地

The soil is extremely good. (Laughter)

這裡的土壤特別肥沃（笑聲）

We've even invented a new form of tourism.

我們甚至發明了一種全新的旅遊方式

It's called vegetable tourism, and believe it or not,

叫做蔬菜旅遊

people come from all over the world to poke around in our raised beds,

信不信由你，人們從世界各地趕來在我們的苗圃間閒逛

even when there's not much growing. (Laughter)

甚至在沒有作物生長的時候也來（笑聲）

But it starts a conversation. (Laughter)

但這引發了一場討論

And, you know, we're not doing it because we're bored. (Laughter)

大家知道，我們做這些並不是因為無聊（笑聲）

We're doing it because we want to start a revolution.

而是想展開一場革命

We tried to answer this simple question:

我們試圖回答一個簡單的問題

Can you find a unifying language that cuts across age

你能否找到一種統一的語言，它可以跨越年齡

and income and culture that will help people themselves

收入和文化上的差異，而人們能夠通過這種語言

find a new way of living,

找到一種新的生活方式

see spaces around them differently,

用另一種眼光看待身邊的空間

think about the resources they use differently,

想到別出心裁的資源利用方式

interact differently?

以及全新的交流方式？

Can we find that language?

我們能找到這樣一種語言嗎？

And then, can we replicate those actions?

是否能夠複製這些行動？

And the answer would appear to be yes,

答案呼之欲出

and the language would appear to be food.

這種語言就是食物

So, three and a half years ago, a few of us

三年半之前，我和幾個朋友

sat around a kitchen table and

圍坐在廚房的桌邊

we just invented the whole thing. (Laughter)

憑空創造了所有這些東西（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

We came up with a really simple game plan that we put to a public meeting.

我們在一次公眾集會上發表了一個相當簡單的遊戲計畫

We did not consult. We did not write a report.

沒有諮詢專家，也沒有寫什麼報告

Enough of all that. (Laughter)

真是受夠這一套了（笑聲）

And we said to that public meeting in Todmorden,

我們在那次陶德莫登的公眾集會上呼籲

look, let's imagine that our town

讓我們想像我們的城鎮

is focused around three plates:

聚焦在三個盤子上

a community plate, the way we live our everyday lives;

一個盤子叫“社區”，是我們日常生活的方式

a learning plate, what we teach our kids in school

一個盤子叫“學習”，是我們讓子女接受學校教育

and what new skills we share amongst ourselves;

以及讓人們之間互相分享新技能

and business, what we do with the pound in our pocket

還有一個盤子叫“生意”，是我們如何使用口袋裡的英鎊

and which businesses we choose to support.

以及選擇支持哪些生意

Now, let's imagine those plates agitated

現在，讓我們再想像一下這些盤子

with community actions around food.

因為這些以食物為中心的社區行動 而轉動起來

If we start one of those community plates spinning,

如果我們轉動這些盤子的其中一個

that's really great, that really starts to empower people,

那就已經很不錯了，這可以促使人們開始做許多事

but if we can then spin that community plate

不過，如果我們能讓“社區”盤子

with the learning plate, and then spin it with the business plate,

和“學習”盤子，以及“生意”盤子一起轉起來

we've got a real show there, we've got some action theater.

那就有好戲可看了

We're starting to build resilience ourselves.

我們開始發展自我調適的能力

We're starting to reinvent community ourselves,

我們開始重塑社區

and we've done it all without a flipping strategy document.

做到這些可完全沒有用到什麼經營策略

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And here's the thing as well.

還有一點很重要

We've not asked anybody's permission to do this,

我們沒有請求任何人的批准

we're just doing it. (Laughter)

就直接動手了（笑聲）

And we are certainly not waiting for that check

我們也絕對沒有癡等著信箱裡 出現一張贊助支票

to drop through the letterbox before we start,

才開始我們的行動

and most importantly of all, we are not daunted

最重要的是

by the sophisticated arguments that say,

我們沒有被所謂的成熟的論據給嚇到

"These small actions are meaningless in the face of tomorrow's problems,"

“這些微小的舉動對解決未來的問題毫無助益”

because I have seen the power of small actions,

因為我見識過微小舉動的力量

and it is awesome.

強大得令人肅然起敬

So, back to the public meeting. (Laughter)

好吧，話題轉回那次公眾集會（笑聲）

We put that proposition to the meeting, two seconds,

在我們說完自己的提案兩秒鐘後

and then the room exploded.

整間會議室陷入激烈的討論中

I have never, ever experienced anything like that in my life.

我這一生中從未見過這樣的事

And it's been the same in every single room, in every town

每一個城鎮，每一間會議室

that we've ever told our story.

都對我們的故事產生了相同的反應

People are ready and respond to the story of food.

人們已經準備好對這個食物的故事有所回應了

They want positive actions they can engage in,

他們需要能夠積極地行動

and in their bones, they know it's time

他們從骨子裡感受到

to take personal responsibility

是時候挑起肩上的責任了

and invest in more kindness to each other

對他人、也對環境

and to the environment.

投入更多的善意

And since we had that meeting three and a half years ago,

從三年半前的那次會議開始

it's been a heck of a roller coaster.

已經有了翻天覆地的變化

We started with a seed swap, really simple stuff,

我們從交換種子開始，這是很簡單的事情

and then we took an area of land, a strip on the side

我們拿出一塊地，就是主要道路邊緣的那一小條

of our main road, which was a dog toilet, basically,

以前基本上就是寵物的廁所

and we turned it into a really lovely herb garden.

我們將之轉變成一個十分可愛的藥草園

We took the corner of the car park in the station

我們用車站停車場的角落

that you saw, and we made vegetable beds

做成了菜畦

for everybody to share and pick from themselves.

讓每個人都可以分享和採摘蔬菜

We went to the doctors. We've just had

我們去了診所

a 6-million-pound health center built in Todmorden,

陶德莫登剛剛花費六百萬英鎊建成的醫療中心

and for some reason that I cannot comprehend,

不知是什麼原因

it has been surrounded by prickly plants. (Laughter)

已經被有刺的植物包圍起來了（笑聲）

So we went to the doctors, said, "Would you mind us taking them up?"

我們問那些醫生，“介不介意我們把它們拔掉？”

They said, "Absolutely fine, provided you get planning permission

他們回答說“完全不介意，只要你們獲得許可證明

and you do it in Latin and you do it in triplicate,"

要附上拉丁文版本，然後再複製三份”

so we did — (Laughter) — and now there are fruit trees

所以我們就照做了（笑聲）

and bushes and herbs and vegetables

現在，水果樹、灌木叢、藥草和蔬菜

around that doctor's surgery.

都環繞在手術室周圍

And there's been lots of other examples, like the corn

還有很多其他的例子

that was in front of the police station,

比如警察局門口種的玉米

and the old people's home that we've planted it with food

我們也在老人院種了菜

that they can pick and grow.

他們就可以採摘並繼續種植

But it isn't just about growing,

但這不單純只是在種菜

because we all are part of this jigsaw.

因為我們每一個人都是這拼圖裡的一塊

It's about taking those artistic people in your community

這包括了調動社區裡有藝術才能的人

and doing some fabulous designs in those raised beds

在苗圃裡做出絕妙的設計

to explain to people what's growing there,

來向人們解釋其間生長的東西

because there's so many people that don't really recognize

因為大多數人都是五穀不分的

a vegetable unless it's in a bit of plastic

除非是用袋子包裝好

with a bit of an instruction packet on the top. (Laughter)

上面還印了說明標示的蔬菜（笑聲）

So we have some people who designed these things,

於是有人設計了這樣的東西

"If it looks like this, please don't pick it, but if it looks like this,

“若似此貌，請勿採摘；

help yourself."

若為此類，請君隨意”

This is about sharing and investing in kindness.

這是關於分享與投入善意

And for those people that don't want to do either

如果有人不想種菜也不願摘菜

of those things, maybe they can cook,

也許他們可以做菜

so we pick them seasonally and then we go on the street,

所以我們每一季收穫後便到街上

or in the pub, or in the church,

到酒館，到教堂

or wherever people are living their lives.

或其他一些人們生活的地方

This is about us going to the people and saying,

我們來到人群中間，告訴他們

"We are all part of the local food jigsaw,

“我們都是當地食物拼圖的一部分，

we are all part of a solution."

我們都是這一解決方案的一部分”

And then, because we know we've got vegetable tourists

然後，我們也知道這裡已經有了“蔬菜遊客”

and we love them to bits and they're absolutely fantastic,

我們非常喜愛他們，他們棒極了

we thought, what could we do to give them an even better experience?

我們就想，如何才能讓他們有更好的體驗？

So we invented, without asking, of course,

當然沒有徵求誰的意見，

the Incredible Edible Green Route.

我們創造出了“可以吃的綠色路線”

And this is a route of exhibition gardens,

這條路線包含了展示用花園

and edible towpaths, and bee-friendly sites, and the story

可食用的船道、以及吸引蜜蜂

of pollinators, and it's a route that we designed

和各種傳粉昆蟲的園藝景點，這條路線的設計

that takes people through the whole of our town,

貫穿了整個小鎮

past our cafes and our small shops, through our market,

經過咖啡館和小商店，穿過市場

not just to and fro from the supermarket,

而不僅僅是來回於超市

and we're hoping that, in changing people's footfall

我們希望藉由改變人們穿行小鎮的足跡

around our town, we're also changing their behavior.

我們也可以改變他們的行為

And then there's the second plate, the learning plate.

我們再來談談第二個盤子，“學習”盤子

Well, we're in partnership with a high school.

我們與一所高中合作

We've created a company. We are designing and building

開辦了一家公司

an aquaponics unit in some land that was spare

設計並建設了一個魚菜共生單元

at the back of the high school, like you do,

就用這所高中後面的閒置土地

and now we're going to be growing fish and vegetables

我們正準備在一個有蜜蜂的果園裡

in an orchard with bees,

養殖魚和蔬菜

and the kids are helping us build that,

孩子們也幫忙一起建造

and the kids are on the board, and because the community

孩子們還進入了董事會

was really keen on working with the high school,

正因為社區相當熱衷於高中合作

the high school is now teaching agriculture,

高中現在開設了農事課

and because it's teaching agriculture, we started to think,

正因為高中開設了農事課

how could we then get those kids that never had a qualification

我們開始思考，如何讓這些從未有過農業技能的孩子

before in their lives but are really excited about growing,

能真正對農事產生興趣

how can we give them some more experience?

我們如何能給他們更多的體驗？

So we got some land that was donated

我們拿到一塊地

by a local garden center.

由當地園藝中心捐贈

It was really quite muddy, but in a truly incredible way,

相當泥濘，但正合我意

totally voluntary-led, we have turned that

完全由志願者主導，我們將這塊地

into a market garden training center,

改造成一個市場園藝培訓中心

and that is polytunnels and raised beds

有菜棚、苗圃

and all the things you need to get the soil under your fingers

以及所有跟動手接觸土壤有關的事物

and think maybe there's a job in this for me in the future.

孩子們或許會想在未來從事相關工作

And because we were doing that, some local academics said,

鑒於我們正在做的事，當地的一些學者找上門來說

"You know, we could help design

“你知道，我們能幫助你們設計

a commercial horticulture course for you.

一個商業的園藝學課程

There's not one that we know of."

就我們所知還從未有過這樣的課程”

So they're doing that, and we're going to launch it later this year,

他們已經開始著手了，我們今年稍晚就能開課

and it's all an experiment, and it's all voluntary.

這些完全是實驗性質的，並且是完全自願的

And then there's the third plate,

再來就是第三個盤子

because if you walk through an edible landscape,

當你走過一處可以吃的風景

and if you're learning new skills, and if you start to get

當你學習新技能

interested in what's growing seasonally,

當你開始對不同作物感到興趣

you might just want to spend more of your own money

你也許會願意多花一些錢

in support of local producers,

來支持當地的生產者

not just veg, but meat and cheese and beer

不僅是蔬菜，還有肉、乳酪和啤酒

and whatever else it might be.

或者是別的什麼

But then, we're just a community group, you know.

但是話說回來，我們只是一個社區團體

We're just all volunteers. What could we actually do?

我們只是些志願者。我們能做什麼？

So we did some really simple things.

我們做了一些非常簡單的事情

We fundraised, we got some blackboards,

我們舉行了募捐

we put "Incredible Edible" on the top,

我們在幾塊黑板頂端寫下“可以吃的驚奇”

we gave it every market trader that was selling locally,

把它們發放給當地市場上的商人

and they scribbled on what they were selling in any one week.

寫上每週販賣的商品

Really popular. People congregated around it.

這真的非常受歡迎！大家聚集在一起

Sales were up.

銷量也節節上升

And then, we had a chat with the farmers, and we said,

我們隨後與農民交流，對他們說

"We're really serious about this,"

“我們是認真的”

but they didn't actually believe us, so we thought,

但他們不太相信，於是我們想

okay, what should we do? I know. If we can create

好吧，該怎麼做？

a campaign around one product and show them

我知道如果我們能針對某個產品做活動

there is local loyalty to that product,

向他們展示當地人對這種產品的忠誠度

maybe they'll change their mind and see we're serious.

也許他們就能改變主意相信我們了

So we launched a campaign -- because it just amuses me --

於是我們進行了一項活動，名字很搞笑

called Every Egg Matters. (Laughter)

叫做“每顆雞蛋都很重要”（笑聲）

And what we did was we put people on our egg map.

我們做了一張雞蛋地圖

It's a stylized map of Togmorden.

這是一張陶德莫登風格的地圖

Anybody that's selling their excess eggs

畫著每一個銷售自家多餘雞蛋的人

at the garden gate, perfectly legally, to their neighbors,

他們在花園門口合法銷售給鄰居

we've stuck on there. We started with four,

我們標注出他們的位置。一開始是四個

and we've now got 64 on, and the result of that was

現在有64個

that people were then going into shops

結果就有很多人來到店裡

asking for a local Todmorden egg, and the result of that

要買陶德莫登雞蛋

was, some farmers upped the amount of flocks they got

從而使農民大幅增加了放養雞的數量

of free range birds, and then they went on to meat birds,

不久後也增加了肉雞的數量

and although these are really, really small steps,

儘管這些都是很小很小的進展

that increasing local economic confidence

但是當地經濟信心的增長

is starting to play out in a number of ways,

逐漸開始表現在不同的方面

and we now have farmers doing cheese

農民們開始做乳酪

and they've upped their flocks and rare breed pigs,

他們增加了畜牧的數量，加養了稀有品種的豬

they're doing pasties and pies and things

他們開始做餡餅和派

that they would have never done before.

以及一些之前從沒做過的事

We've got increasing market stalls selling local food,

販賣當地食品的攤位增加了

and in a survey that local students did for us, 49 percent

在當地學生做的一個調查中

of all food traders in that town said that their bottom line

49%的食品商人提到

had increased because of what we were actually doing.

這些新措舉使他們的利潤增加了

And we're just volunteers and it's only an experiment.

而我們不過是一些志願者做了一個實驗罷了

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now, none of this is rocket science.

我們做的都不是什麼複雜的事

It certainly is not clever, and it's not original.

算不上多高明，也不是什麼獨創

But it is joined up, and it is inclusive.

但它綜合了很多東西，且具有包容性

This is not a movement for those people

這可不是讓人們

that are going to sort themselves out anyway.

搶風頭的一個運動

This is a movement for everyone.

而是重在人人參與

We have a motto: If you eat, you're in. (Laughter)

我們有個口號：只要你吃飯，你就是我們的一員（笑聲）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Across age, across income, across culture.

跨越年齡隔閡，跨越收入差距，跨越文化差異

It's been really quite a roller coaster experience,

這是一次振奮人心的體驗

but going back to that first question that we asked,

回到我們之前提出的第一個問題

is it replicable? Yeah. It most certainly is replicable.

這是可複製的嗎？是的，它當然是可複製的

More than 30 towns in England now are spinning

英國目前有30多個小鎮

the Incredible Edible plate.

在進行“可以吃的驚奇”運動

Whichever way they want to do it, of their own volition,

無論他們選擇怎樣的形式

they're trying to make their own lives differently,

都是在試著讓生活過得與眾不同

and worldwide, we've got communities across America

在世界上，美國和日本都建立了這樣的社區

and Japan -- it's incredible, isn't it? I mean,

這真美妙啊，是不是？

America and Japan and New Zealand.

美國、日本、紐西蘭

People after the earthquake in New Zealand visited us

紐西蘭人在大地震後拜訪了我們

in order to incorporate some of this public spiritedness

為了把這種圍繞在地種植而產生的公眾意識

around local growing into the heart of Christchurch.

融入到基督城的建設理念裡

And none of this takes more money

這些都不需要大筆投資

and none of this demands a bureaucracy,

也不需要官僚

but it does demand that you think things differently

但需要思維和觀念的轉變

and you are prepared to bend budgets and work programs

你要準備好調整預算和工作計畫

in order to create that supportive framework

從而創造一個社區可以從中運作的

that communities can bounce off.

支持性工作環境

And there's some great ideas already in our patch.

我們已經有了一些絕妙的想法

Our local authority has decided to make everywhere

當地政府已經決定要讓各個角落都成為

Incredible Edible, and in support of that

“可以吃的驚奇”行動的一部分

have decided to do two things.

並且要展開兩項支持性行動

First, they're going to create an asset register of spare land

首先，他們打算進行閒置土地資產登記

that they've got, put it in a food bank so that communities

計入食物銀行的資產

can use that wherever they live,

讓社區可以自由使用

and they're going to underpin that with a license.

並通過發放許可證來鞏固這項措舉

And then they've said to every single one of their workforce,

再者，他們對所有的公務員說

if you can, help those communities grow,

希望他們盡其所能去幫助發展這些社區

and help them to maintain their spaces.

幫助人們保留這些空間

Suddenly, we're seeing actions on the ground

一夜之間，我們看到了當地政府的實際行動

from local government. We're seeing this mainstreamed.

我們看到了這些（自發的行動）成為了主流

We are responding creatively at last to what Rio demanded

我們對里約《國際環境公約》做出了創意的回應

of us, and there's lots more you could do.

大家還有更多的事情可以做

I mean, just to list a few. One, please stop putting

比如說，第一

prickly plants around public buildings. It's a waste of space.

請停止在公共建築周圍種植帶刺植物，這是對空間的浪費

(Laughter) Secondly, please create -- please, please create

（笑聲）還有，請一定一定

edible landscapes so that our children start to walk

要創造可以吃的風景，這樣我們的孩子

past their food day in, day out, on our high streets,

每天都能經過自己的盤中餐，可能是在街上

in our parks, wherever that might be.

或是在公園裡，隨處可見

Inspire local planners to put the food sites at the heart

激勵市鎮規劃者，把生態菜園放在

of the town and the city plan, not relegate them

市鎮的中心地帶

to the edges of the settlements that nobody can see.

而非把它們放在沒人能注意到的邊緣地帶

Encourage all our schools to take this seriously.

鼓勵學校認真對待相關課程

This isn't a second class exercise.

而不是可有可無的課後實習

If we want to inspire the farmers of tomorrow,

如果我們想啟迪出未來的農民

then please let us say to every school,

那麼就請在每一所學校

create a sense of purpose around the importance

創造出一種意識，能真正意識到

to the environment, local food and soils.

環境、當地食品和土壤的重要性

Put that at the heart of your school culture,

讓它成為學校文化的核心

and you will create a different generation.

這樣就能培養出全新的一代

There are so many things you can do, but ultimately

有許許多多每個人力所能及的事

this is about something really simple.

都其實是些十分簡單的行為

Through an organic process, through

透過一個有機的過程

an increasing recognition of the power of small actions,

透過逐漸認可每一個微小行動的力量

we are starting, at last, to believe in ourselves again,

我們最終能夠重新相信自己

and to believe in our capacity, each and every one of us,

相信自己的能力，每一個人都能夠

to build a different and a kinder future,

創造出一個不一樣的、更友善的未來

and in my book, that's incredible.

在我的書中寫了，這才是真正美妙的事

Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝（鼓掌）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Thank you very much. (Applause)

非常感謝大家（鼓掌）