Mechai Viravaidya: How Mr. Condom made Thailand a better place

譯者: Lin Su-Wei(林書暐) 審譯者: Zhu Jie

Welcome to Thailand.

歡迎來到泰國。

Now, when I was a young man -- 40 years ago,

40年前，當我還是個年輕人時，

the country was very, very poor

這個國家是非常非常窮困的，

with lots and lots and lots of people living in poverty.

有許多許多的人民生活在貧苦的環境中。

We decided to do something about it,

於是我們決定針對此點下手，

but we didn't begin with a welfare program

但我們並不是從福利政策開始，

or a poverty reduction program.

也不是什麼扶貧計劃。

But we began with a family-planning program,

我們打算從節育的政策著手，

following a very successful

這意味著要有一個

maternal child health activity,

非常完善的婦幼衛生措施，

sets of activities.

由一系列活動組成。

So basically, no one would accept family planning

因為，如果人民的孩子不能順利的長大，

if their children didn't survive.

根本沒人會願意接受節育。

So the first step: get to the children, get to the mothers,

所以第一步就是：先保住小孩，保住母親，

and then follow up with family planning.

然後才能推行節育計畫。

Not just child mortality alone, you need also family planning.

不是只顧兒童死亡率，還需要節育計畫配合。

Now let me take you back

讓我帶各位回顧

as to why we needed to do it.

看看為什麼我們要這麼做。

In my country, that was the case in 1974.

讓我們回到1974年時的我的國家。

Seven children per family --

當時一個家庭平均有7個小孩。

tremendous growth at 3.3 percent.

人口成長率是極高的3.3%。

There was just no future.

未來毫無希望。

We needed to reduce the population growth rate.

我們需要降低人口成長率。

So we said, "Let's do it."

所以我們就說："那就開始做吧!"

The women said, "We agree. We'll use pills,

女人就說："我們也同意，我們會用避孕藥，

but we need a doctor to prescribe the pills,"

但我們需要醫生來幫我們開藥。"

and we had very, very few doctors.

但我們的醫生很少。

We didn't take no as an answer;

我們沒有放棄，

we took no as a question.

我們致力於解決這個問題。

We went to the nurses and the midwives, who were also women,

於是我們向同樣是女人的護士和助產士求助，

and did a fantastic job

由她們來解釋避孕藥的使用方式，

at explaining how to use the pill.

成果相當輝煌。

That was wonderful,

看起來很棒，

but it covered only 20 percent of the country.

但這個政策只推行在全國20%的區域。

What do we do for the other 80 percent --

我們得對其他80%的人做點什麼--

leave them alone and say, "Well, they're not medical personnel."

根本不管，他們幹嘛不請私人醫生啊？

No, we decided to do a bit more.

不對，我們決定針對他們多做一點。

So we went to the ordinary people that you saw.

我們求助於如畫面所見的一些老百姓。

Actually, below that yellow sign --

在那黃色標牌背後--

I wish they hadn't wiped that,

希望牌子還沒被拿走..

because there was "Coca-Cola" there.

因為後面是放可口可樂。

We were so much bigger than Coca-Cola in those days.

我們當時可比可口可樂有名多了。

And no difference,

他們一樣能做到，

the people they chose were the people we chose.

他們能幫助的人，正是我們要幫助的。

They were well-known in the community,

他們對社區的人都很熟，

they knew that customers were always right,

他們也知道顧客永遠至上，

and they were terrific, and they practiced their family planning themselves.

他們這工作做得很好，而且他們自己也會跟著做節育計畫。

So they could supply pills and condoms

所以他們能到處發送避孕藥和保險套，

throughout the country, in every village of the country.

在這個國家的每個村落。

So there we are. We went to the people

我們希望人民

who were seen as the cause of the problem

能夠窺見問題的癥結點

to be the solution.

並共同解決問題。

Wherever there were people --

不論是什麼人--

and you can see boats with the women, selling things --

各位能看見船上有個女人，正在賣東西，

here's the floating market

這是一個水上市場，

selling bananas and crabs

除了賣香蕉和螃蟹，

and also contraceptives --

還有各種避孕用品，

wherever you find people,

不論你在泰國哪裡看到的人，

you'll find contraceptives in Thailand.

你都能跟他買到避孕用品。

And then we decided, why not get to religion

之後我們在想，何不加入宗教的元素呢?

because in the Philippines,

因為在菲律賓，

the Catholic Church was pretty strong,

天主教會的影響力很強，

and Thai people were Buddhist.

而泰國人都是佛教徒。

We went to them and they said, "Look, could you help us?"

所以我去找他們說："你能幫我們嗎?"

I'm there -- the one in blue, not the yellow --

我在照片裡是穿藍色衣服的，不是黃色的，

holding a bowl of holy water

手中捧著裝盛水的碗

for the monk to sprinkle holy water

準備讓僧侶

on pills and condoms

把這些聖水潑灑在避孕藥和保險套上

for the sanctity of the family.

這是個神聖的儀式。

And this picture was sent throughout the country.

這張照片到處流傳全國。

So some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves.

讓有些村莊的僧侶也能自行做同樣的事情。

And the women were saying, "No wonder we have no side-effects.

女人們都認為："難怪我們使用後都沒有副作用。

It's been blessed."

原來是被賜福的。"

That was their perception.

這是他們的認知。

And then we went to teachers.

接著我們找上教師。

You need everybody to be involved

我們需要每一個人

in trying to provide whatever it is

去試著提供

that make humanity a better place.

任何能讓這個地方變得更好的東西。

So we went to the teachers.

所以我們跟學校老師聯繫。

Over a quarter of a million were taught about family planning

有超過25萬名教師利用新的字母接龍

with a new alphabet -- A, B for birth, C for condom,

來宣導節育計畫---A，B是生育(birth)，C是保險套(condom)，

I for IUD, V for vasectomy.

I是子宮節育器(IUD)，V是輸精管切除(vasectomy)。

And then we had a snakes and ladders game, where you throw dice.

我們還發明了另類的蛇梯棋盤遊戲(snakes and ladders game)。

If you land on anything pro-family planning, you move ahead.

如果你停在有利於節育計畫的格子，就能往前走。

Like, "Mother takes the pill every night.

像是走到"媽媽天天吞避孕藥"這格。

Very good, mother. Move ahead.

很好，媽媽，往前走。

Uncle buys a condom. Very good, uncle. Move ahead.

走到"舅舅買保險套"這格，很好，舅舅，往前走。

Uncle gets drunk, doesn't use condom. Come back, start again."

走到"舅舅喝醉了沒用保險套"，請倒退回原來位置。

(Laughter)

(笑)

Again, education, class entertainment.

這是教育和娛樂的結合。

And the kids were doing it in school too.

孩子們能在學校就接觸到這些。

We had relay races with condoms,

我們在學校辦保險套盃的接力賽。

we had children's condom-blowing championship.

我們有吹保險套氣球錦標賽。

And before long,

不久以後，

the condom was know as the girl's best friend.

保險套成為女孩子的最佳好友。

In Thailand, for poor people, diamonds don't make it --

在泰國，對窮苦人家來說，鑽石太貴了。

so the condom is the girl's best friend.

所以保險套取代鑽石成為女孩的好朋友。

We introduced our first microcredit program in 1975,

我們在1975年引進微型貸款政策，

and the women who organized it said,

負責這項計畫的女性說：

"We only want to lend

"我們只將錢

to women who practice family planning.

借給有執行節育計畫的女人。

If you're pregnant, take care of your pregnancy.

若妳懷孕了，請自己照顧身體。

If you're not pregnant, you can take a loan out from us."

若沒有懷孕，才能從我們這裡貸款。"

And that was run by them.

計畫就這樣展開了。

And after 35/36 years,

三十五六年後的今天，

it's still going on.

這項計畫還在運行。

It's a part of the Village Development Bank;

現在這成為鄉村發展銀行的一部分。

it's not a real bank, but it's a fund -- microcredit.

這不是真的銀行，它是一筆基金。

And we didn't need a big organization to run it --

我們不需要一個龐大的組織來運作這些。

it was run by the villagers themselves.

這些事情可以靠村民自己執行。

And you probably hardly see a Thai man there,

你很難在這個地方看到泰國男性。

it's always women, women, women, women.

這裡總是充斥著女人的身影。

And then we thought we'd help America,

然後我們就想說，美國人也需要幫助，

because America's been helping everyone,

因為美國人總是在幫助別人，

whether they want help or not.

才不管別人要不要接受。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And this is on the Fourth of July.

這天是7月4日，

We decided to provide vasectomy to all men,

我們決定為全國男性提供輸精管切除術，

but in particular, American men to the front of the queue,

比較特別的是，排在隊列中的美國男性

right up to the Ambassador's residence

可以直接到美國大使館

during his vin d'honneur.

進行手術。

And the hotel gave us the ballroom for it --

飯店業者決定提供一間舞廳給我們。

very appropriate room.

真恰當的場地。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And since it was near lunch time,

一直快到午餐時間時，

they said, "All right, we'll give you some lunch.

該飯店人員說："好吧，我們能提供午餐。

Of course, it must be American cola.

當然，提供的是美國牌的碳酸飲料。

You get two brands, Coke and Pepsi.

有2種品牌，可口可樂和百事可樂。

And then the food is either hamburger or hotdog."

食物方面是漢堡或熱狗二選一。"

And I thought a hotdog will be more symbolic.

我覺得熱狗比較有象徵意義。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And here is this, then, young man called Willy Bohm

畫面上的這位年輕人，名為Willy Bohm，

who worked for the USAID.

他替美國國際開發總署(USAID)工作。

Obviously, he's had his vasectomy

很明顯地，他已經做完手術了，

because his hotdog is half eaten, and he was very happy.

因為他手上拿著吃一半的熱狗，看起來非常開心。

It made a lot of news in America, and it angered some people also.

這對美國人來說很稀奇，也有很多人因此不太高興。

I said, "Don't worry. Come over and I'll do the whole lot of you."

我就說："別擔心，過來找我就有全套的服務。"

(Laughter)

(笑)

And what happened?

結果如何?

In all this thing,

成果是這樣的，

from seven children to 1.5 children,

每家的7個孩子掉到1.5個。

population growth rate of 3.3 to 0.5.

人口成長率從3.3%掉到0.5%。

You could call it the Coca-Cola approach if you like --

你可以說這叫做可口可樂法。

it was exactly the same thing.

這幾乎是同樣的事情。

I'm not sure whether Coca-Cola followed us, or we followed Coca-Cola,

我不太確定是我們在追隨可口可樂，還是他們在追隨我們。

but we're good friends.

但我們的合作關係良好。

And so that's the case of everyone joining in.

而且每個人都加入了這個行列。

We didn't have a strong government. We didn't have lots of doctors.

我們沒有強大的政府，我們的醫生也不夠多。

But it's everybody's job

但是每一個人

who can change attitude and behavior.

都能靠自己改變態度跟行為。

Then AIDS came along and hit Thailand,

接著，愛滋病襲擊泰國，

and we had to stop doing a lot of good things

我們必須停下手邊工作，

to fight AIDS.

來抵抗愛滋病。

But unfortunately, the government was in denial, denial, denial.

但不幸的是，政府對我們的提案總是否決、否決、否決。

So our work wasn't affected.

我們的行動就被受限了。

So I thought, "Well, if you can't go to the government, go to the military."

因此我就想："恩，既然我們走不進政府，那我們就走進軍方。"

So I went to the military

所以我去拜訪軍方，

and asked to borrow 300 radio stations.

請求出借300個電台。

They have more than the government,

他們擁有的電台比政府多，

and they've got more guns than the government.

擁有的槍也比政府多。

So I asked them, could they help us

所以我請求他們，

in our fight against HIV.

能否幫我們一起共同對抗愛滋病。

And after I gave them statistics,

然後給他們看一些統計數字。

they said, "Yes. Okay. You can use all the radio stations, television stations."

他們回應："沒問題，你可以使用所有的電台和電視台。"

And that's when we went onto the airwaves.

接著我們就開始發送對抗愛滋的訊息。

And then we got a new prime minister soon after that.

很快的一位新的總理上任。

And he said, "Mechai, could you come and join?"

他說："Mechai，你是否能加入行政團隊呢?"

He asked me in because he liked my wife a lot.

他會這樣問我是因為他暗戀我老婆。

So I said, "Okay."

我就說："好阿。"

He became the chairman of the National AIDS Committee

爾後，他成為國立愛滋預防委員會的主席，

and increased the budget fifty-fold.

預算也增加了50倍。

Every ministry, even judges, had to be involved in AIDS education --

每一個部長，甚至到法官，都必須接受愛滋病的培訓。

everyone -- and we said the public, institutions,

每一個人，這指的是大眾、機構、

religious institutions, schools --

宗教機構、學校..等等

everyone was involved.

每個人都要。

And here, every media person

而且，每一位媒體朋友

had to be trained for HIV.

也都接受愛滋病毒知識的教育。

And we gave every station half a minute extra

做為回饋，我們讓電台

for advertising to earn more money.

多播放30秒的廣告以獲得更多收入。

So they were happy with that.

他們對此很滿意。

And then AIDS education in all schools,

所有學校都有愛滋病的課程，

starting from university.

先從大學開始。

And these are high school kids teaching high school kids.

之後，我們讓高中的孩子們互相教導。

And the best teachers were the girls, not the boys,

最棒的老師都是女孩子，而不是男孩。

and they were terrific.

她們都很厲害。

And these girls who go around teaching about safe sex and HIV

這些到處宣導安全性愛和愛滋病毒的女孩子們，

were known as Mother Theresa.

被尊稱為德雷莎修女。

And then we went down one more step.

後來我們把觸角伸的更深一點。

These are primary school kids -- third, fourth grade --

這些國中3年級、4年級的孩子們，

going to every household in the village,

拜訪了村子裡的家家戶戶，

every household in the whole of Thailand,

拜訪了全泰國的家家戶戶，

giving AIDS information and a condom

到這些地方

to every household,

發放有關愛滋病的資訊和保險套，

given by these young kids.

這些東西是透過這些孩子發放。

And no parents objected, because we were trying to save lives,

沒有任何家長反對，因為我們在做的是拯救生命，

and this was a lifesaver.

他們個個都是救生員。

And we said, "Everyone needs to be involved."

我們疾呼："每個人都需要一起做。"

So you have the companies also realizing

公司也漸漸意識到，員工生病不用上班，

that sick staff don't work, and dead customers don't buy.

消費者死掉就沒生意上門。

So they all trained.

所以所有人都會接受訓練。

And then we have this Captain Condom,

我們有一位哈佛大學MBA學位的

with his Harvard MBA,

套套隊長(Captain Condom)，

going to schools and night spots.

他走訪學校和夜店。

And they loved him. You need a symbol of something.

套套隊長受到歡迎。像這樣的代言人是必要的。

In every country, every program, you need a symbol,

任何國家、任何的政策，都需要代言人，

and this is probably the best thing he's ever done with his MBA.

當隊長大概是他用MBA學位所得到的最佳工作。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And then we gave condoms out everywhere on the streets --

我們在街上發放保險套，

everywhere, everywhere.

每一個角落都沒放過。

In taxis, you get condoms.

計程車上你也拿得到。

And also, in traffic,

如果你遇到塞車

the policemen give you condoms -- our "cops and rubbers" programs.

路上還會有警察在發保險套。這就是我們的"警察與套套"計畫。

(Laughter)

(笑)

So, can you imagine New York policemen giving out condoms?

你能想像的到紐約警察發給你保險套嗎?

Of course I can. And they'd enjoy it immensely;

我就可以，而且他們一定會玩的很開心。

I see them standing around right now, everywhere.

我能想像警察就站在街頭巷尾發放。

Imagine if they had condoms,

他們手拿著保險套，

giving out to all sorts of people.

發給各式各樣的人。

And then, new change,

接下來我們又出新招，

we had hair bands, clothing

我們用保險套做成頭飾、衣服，

and the condom for your mobile phone

還有手機袋

during the rainy season.

雨季才有喔。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And these were the condoms that we introduced.

這裡有一些我們生產的保險套。

One says, "Weapon of mass protection."

這一個上面寫"大規模防護性武器"。

We found --

我們創立的句子。

you know -- somebody here was searching for the weapon of mass destruction,

有些人還在找大規模毀滅性武器，

but we have found the weapon of mass protection: the condom.

不過我們已經找到大規模防護性武器了，就是保險套。

And then it says here, with the American flag,

這一個印有美國旗幟的寫：

"Don't leave home without it."

"出門前別忘了它"

But I have some to give out afterward.

等一下我會發放幾個給各位，

But let me warn you, these are Thai-sized,

但話說在前頭，這是泰國尺寸，

so be very careful.

請衡量再使用。

(Laughter)

(笑)

And so you can see

就如各位所見，

that condoms can do so many things.

保險套可以做很多事情。

Look at this --

看這個。

I gave this to Al Gore and to Bill Senior also.

這件我也有給Al Gore和Bill Senior。

Stop global warming; use condoms.

"停止地球暖化--請使用保險套"。

And then this is the picture I mentioned to you --

這圖案就是我剛給各位看過的，

the weapon of mass protection.

大規模防護性武器。

And let the next Olympics save some lives.

下一屆的奧運該辦這類競賽，

Why just run around?

幹嘛老是賽跑阿?

(Laughter)

(笑)

And then finally,

最後一件展示品，

in Thailand we're Buddhist, we don't have a God,

泰國人都是佛教徒，我們不是只有一位天神，

so instead, we say, "In rubber we trust."

所以相對的，我們說："我們相信橡膠。"

(Laughter)

（笑聲）(此圖為美紙硬幣上的圖案，圖案旁鑄字為In God we trust)。

So you can see that we added everything to our endeavor

我們盡力在各種物品上發揮，

to make life better for the people.

都是為了讓人們有更好的生活。

We had condoms in all the refrigerators in the hotels and the schools,

我們在把保險套放在旅館的冰箱和學校，

because alcohol impairs judgment.

因為酒精很容易影響判斷力。

And then what happened?

結果如何?

After all this time, everybody joined in.

在此當下，所有人都在為此努力。

According to the U.N.,

根據歐盟統計，

new cases of HIV

愛滋病的新感染人數

declined by 90 percent,

下降了90%。

and according to the World Bank,

根據世界銀行的統計，

7.7 million lives were saved.

770萬人的生命因而獲救。

Otherwise there wouldn't be many Thais walking around today.

若不如此，今日不會有這麼多泰國人活在世上。

So it just showed you, you could do something about it.

人只需要盡一點點自身的綿薄之力即可。

90 percent of the funding came from Thailand.

計畫的基金有90%是來自泰國。

There was political commitment, some financial commitment,

有來自公部門的贊助，也有來自金融業的贊助，

and everybody joined in the fight.

每個人都加入了這個對抗的行列。

So just don't leave it to the specialists and doctors and nurses.

別只會把這個問題丟給專業人士、醫生或是護士。

We all need to help.

我們都應該去試著幫助他人。

And then we decided to help people out of poverty,

接著是要幫助人民脫離貧窮，

now that we got AIDS somewhat out of the way --

現在愛滋病的問題解決了，

this time, not with government alone,

這次不單只有政府，

but in cooperation with the business community.

政府和商業界攜手合作了。

Because poor people are business people

因為貧苦的人也能是商人，

who lack business skills and access to credit.

他們只不過缺乏商業技能和借貸信用。

Those are the things to be provided by the business community.

而技能和信用是要靠商業界提供。

We're trying to turn them into barefoot entrepreneurs,

我們試著把這些人轉為赤足企業家，

little business people.

讓他們能做點小生意。

The only way out of poverty is through business enterprise.

脫離貧窮的唯一方法就是透過創業。

So, that was done.

這是我們的成果。

The money goes from the company into the village

企業界投入資金，讓村莊人民

via tree-planting.

去植樹。

It's not a free gift.

這當然不是免費的。

They plant the trees, and the money goes into their microcredit fund,

村民種樹的利潤存入小額貸款基金中，

which we call the Village Development Bank.

也就是鄉村發展銀行。

Everybody joins in,

每個人都會加入，

and they feel they own the bank,

他們覺得自己擁有銀行，

because they have brought the money in.

因為銀行的資金都來自他們。

And before you can borrow the money, you need to be trained.

在貸款之前，必須要先受過職業訓練。

And we believe if you want to help the poor,

我們相信，若想幫助貧窮，

those who are living in poverty,

若想幫助那些生活在貧窮裡的人，

access to credit must be a human right.

信用能力就必須要成為基本人權的一部份。

Access to credit must be a human right.

信用能力必須要成為基本人權。

Otherwise they'll never get out of poverty.

否則他們永遠脫離不了窮困。

And then before getting a loan, you must be trained.

而且在取得貸款之前，必須要先接受教育訓練。

Here's what we call a "barefoot MBA,"

這個訓練課程我們稱為赤腳企管碩士班(barefoot MBA)，

teaching people how to do business

這課程在教導如何做生意之類的，

so that, when they borrow money, they'll succeed with the business.

唯有如此，等他們借到錢後，才有辦法經營成功的事業。

These are some of the businesses:

目前出現的行業有：

mushrooms, crabs, vegetables,

磨菇、螃蟹、蔬菜、

trees, fruits,

植樹、水果、

and this is very interesting -- Nike ice cream and Nike biscuits;

還有這個非常有趣的東西，Nike冰淇淋和Nike餅乾。

this is a village sponsored by Nike.

這是由Nike贊助的村莊。

They said, "They should stop making shoes and clothes.

這些村民說："Nike應該不要再做鞋子和衣服。

Make these better, because we can afford them."

做這些事情更賺，因為我們買的起這些東西。"

And then we have silk, Thai silk.

我們有泰國絲綢。

Now we're making Scottish tartans, as you can see on the left,

我們織成蘇格蘭方格紋，就如畫面的左邊圖片，

to sell to all people of Scottish ancestors.

賣給那些蘇格蘭傳統人士。

So anyone sitting in and watching TV,

所有坐在下面的觀眾，

get in touch with me.

若想購買請和我聯繫。

And then this is our answer to Starbucks in Thailand --

這是在泰國的星巴克：

"Coffee and Condoms."

"咖啡與保險套"

See, Starbucks you awake, we keep you awake and alive.

星巴克能讓你清醒，但我們讓你清醒又保命。

That's the difference.

差異就在這裡。

Can you imagine, at every Starbucks

各位能否想像，在每一家星巴克裡

that you can also get condoms?

你都能拿到保險套?

You can order your condoms with your with your cappuccino.

你能同時點一個保險套跟一杯卡布奇諾。

And then now, finally in education,

最後，在教育上，

we want to change the school as being underutilized

我們希望改變學校的閒置空間，

into a place where it's a lifelong learning center for everyone.

使之成為一個眾人終身學習的中心。

We call this our School-Based Integrated Rural Development.

我們稱這個計畫為--以學校為基礎的農村綜合發展計畫(School-Based Integrated Rural Development)。

And it's a center, a focal point

在農村的經濟和社會發展

for economic and social development.

會有一個中心，一個聚點。

Re-do the school,

我們把學校改造，

make it serve the community needs.

讓它能符合社區居民的需求。

And here is a bamboo building --

這是一個竹建築。

all of them are bamboo.

全用竹子蓋成的。

This is a geodesic dome made of bamboo.

那個多面體的圓頂是竹子構成的。

And I'm sure Buckminster Fuller would be very, very proud

我相信Buckminster Fuller看到這個建築時(註：第一位設計球形屋頂的建築師)，

to see a bamboo geodesic dome.

會感到非常非常驕傲。

And we use vegetables around the school ground,

學校的四周

so they raise their own vegetables.

讓人們可以種植自己所需的蔬菜。

And then, finally, I firmly believe,

最終，我仍然相信，

if we want the MDGs to work --

若我們希望MDGs成功，

the Millennium Development Goals --

也就是"千囍年發展目標"(聯合國在2000年制訂的八大目標)。

we need to add family planning to it.

我們就必須把節育計畫加入。

Of course, child mortality first and then family planning --

當然，降低兒童死亡率應該優先於節育計畫。

everyone needs family planning service --

每個人都應該接受節育計畫。

it's underutilized.

這目前不受重視。

So we have now found the weapon of mass protection.

現在我們有了大規模防護性武器。

And we also ask the next Olympics

也要求下一屆的奧運

to be involved in saving lives.

加入愛護生命的主題。

And then, finally, that is our network.

這是我們的網站。

And these are our Thai tulips.

這是屬於我們泰國的鬱金香。

(Laughter)

(笑)

Thank you very much indeed.

感謝各位

(Applause)

(掌聲)