Wadah Khanfar: A historic moment in the Arab world

譯者: Wenjer Leuschel 審譯者: Wang-Ju Tsai

Ten years ago exactly,

就在十年前

I was in Afghanistan.

我人在阿富汗

I was covering the war in Afghanistan,

在那裡報導阿富汗戰爭

and I witnessed, as a reporter for Al Jazeera,

身爲半島電視台記者的我看到了

the amount of suffering and destruction

那樣的戰爭所帶來的

that emerged out of a war like that.

大量的受苦受難和摧毀

Then, two years later,

然後兩年後

I covered another war -- the war in Iraq.

我報導了另一場戰爭－伊拉克戰爭

I was placed at the center of that war

我被派到戰爭現場

because I was covering the war

因爲我必須報導那場

from the northern part of Iraq.

發生在伊拉克北方的戰爭

And the war ended

然後戰爭結束了

with a regime change,

政權改變了

like the one in Afghanistan.

像在阿富汗發生的那樣

And that regime

那個政權

that we got rid of

我們唾棄的那個政權

was actually a dictatorship,

確實是一個獨裁的政權

an authoritarian regime,

是一個專制的政權

that for decades

那個政權幾十年來

created a great sense of paralysis

在國家之內、在人民之間製造了

within the nation, within the people themselves.

一個巨大的麻木感

However,

然而外力介入

the change that came through foreign intervention

帶來的改變

created even worse circumstances for the people

給阿拉伯世界人民

and deepened the sense

帶來更糟糕的情況

of paralysis and inferiority

加深了阿拉伯人的

in that part of the world.

麻木感和自卑感

For decades,

幾十年來

we have lived under authoritarian regimes --

在阿拉伯世界、在中東

in the Arab world, in the Middle East.

我們生活在專制的政權下

These regimes

此期間這些政權

created something within us during this period.

在我們的心中製造了某種東西

I'm 43 years old right now.

我現在已經43歲

For the last 40 years,

過去40年我所看到的

I have seen almost the same faces

幾乎總是那些老面孔

for kings and presidents ruling us --

統治我們的無論是國王還是總統

old, aged, authoritarian,

年邁衰老、專制獨裁、

corrupt situations --

貪污腐敗

regimes that we have seen around us.

這就是在我們身邊看到的政權

And for a moment I was wondering,

有時候我很納悶

are we going to live in order to see

我們在有生之年

real change happening on the ground,

是否有機會看到這世間真正的改變

a change that does not come through foreign intervention,

看到非外力介入所造成的改變

through the misery of occupation,

不必經過被佔領的苦難

through nations invading our land

不必經過外國入侵我們的國家

and deepening the sense of inferiority sometimes?

不再深化我們的自卑感？

The Iraqis: yes, they got rid of Saddam Hussein,

伊拉克人，沒錯，他們去掉了海珊

but when they saw

但是他們看到

their land occupied by foreign forces

國家被外國勢力佔領了

they felt very sad,

他們感到悲傷

they felt that their dignity had suffered.

覺得本國的尊嚴受到蹂躪

And this is why they revolted.

這就是爲何他們反抗

This is why they did not accept.

這就是爲何他們不能接受的原因

And actually other regimes, they told their citizens,

而事實上別的政權告訴他們的公民

"Would you like to see the situation of Iraq?

"你們想看到像伊拉克的情況嗎？

Would you like to see civil war, sectarian killing?

你們想看到內戰和派系鬥爭的殺戮嗎？

Would you like to see destruction?

你們想看到摧毀嗎？

Would you like to see foreign troops on your land?"

你們想看到外國軍隊在你們的國家嗎？"

And the people thought for themselves,

人民想一想自己的情況

"Maybe we should live with

"也許我們還是忍受

this kind of authoritarian situation that we find ourselves in,

這種無奈的專制集權吧

instead of having the second scenario."

免得要接受另一種狀況"

That was one of the worst nightmares that we have seen.

那會是我們所見過最糟的噩夢之一

For 10 years,

十年來

unfortunately we have found ourselves

我們很不幸地處於

reporting images of destruction,

報導摧毀的景象

images of killing,

殺戮的景象

of sectarian conflicts,

派系衝突的景象

images of violence,

暴力的景象

emerging from a magnificent piece of land,

在一塊偉大的土地上

a region that one day was the source

在一片曾經是

of civilizations and art and culture

幾千年文明和藝術起源的地區

for thousands of years.

發生著那樣的景象

Now I am here to tell you

我現在來到這裡

that the future

要告訴你們的是

that we were dreaming for

我們所夢想的未來

has eventually arrived.

終於來臨了

A new generation,

一個新的世代

well-educated,

受過良好教育

connected,

能上網連結

inspired by universal values

受到普世價值的激勵

and a global understanding,

具有全球觀的新世代

has created a new reality for us.

已經爲我們創造了新的現實

We have found a new way

我們找到了一個

to express our feelings

表達我們感情的新方法

and to express our dreams:

表達我們夢想的新方法

these young people

這些年輕人

who have restored self-confidence

他們在我們的國家裡

in our nations in that part of the world,

在阿拉伯世界中重建了自信

who have given us

他們爲我們帶來

new meaning for freedom

自由的新意義

and empowered us to go down to the streets.

讓我們有勇氣走上街頭

Nothing happened. No violence. Nothing.

一點都沒事、沒有暴力、沒事

Just step out of your house,

只要走出家門

raise your voice

擡高你們的聲音

and say, "We would like to see the end of the regime."

大聲說："我們要看到這個政權終結"

This is what happened in Tunisia.

突尼西亞發生的就是這個情況

Over a few days,

不消幾天功夫

the Tunisian regime that invested billions of dollars

突尼西亞那個撒下幾十億美元

in the security agencies,

加強情治機構控制的政權

billions of dollars

那個撒下幾十億美元

in maintaining, trying to maintain,

維持、試圖維持

its prisons,

監禁人民的監獄

collapsed, disappeared,

那個政權就垮台、消失了

because of the voices of the public.

那是因爲公衆的聲音

People who were inspired to go down to the streets

受到激勵的人民走上了街頭

and to raise their voices,

擡高了他們的聲音

they tried to kill.

維安部隊試圖殺人

The intelligence agencies wanted to arrest people.

情治機構想要逮人

They found something called Facebook.

他們發現有個東西叫臉書

They found something called Twitter.

他們發現有個東西叫推特

They were surprised by all of these kinds of issues.

他們想分而治之

And they said,

他們說

"These kids are misled."

"這些孩子們被蠱惑誤導了"

Therefore, they asked their parents

因此要求他們的父母

to go down to the streets

上街找他們的孩子們

and collect them, bring them back home.

把孩子們帶回家

This is what they were telling. This is their propaganda.

他們這麽說的、這麼宣傳的

"Bring these kids home

"把這些孩子們帶回家

because they are misled."

因爲他們受到誤導"

But yes,

可是呢

these youth

這些年輕人

who have been inspired

他們受到

by universal values,

普世價值的激勵

who are idealistic enough

他們充滿著理想

to imagine a magnificent future

憧憬偉大的未來

and, at the same time, realistic enough

而同時又實事求是

to balance this kind of imagination

能夠平衡這種憧憬

and the process leading to it --

結果是－

not using violence,

沒有使用暴力

not trying to create chaos --

沒有試圖製造混亂

these young people,

這些年輕人

they did not go home.

他們沒有回家

Parents actually went to the streets

他們的父母上了街頭

and they supported them.

反倒是去支持孩子們的

And this is how the revolution was born in Tunisia.

這就是突尼西亞革命的誕生

We in Al Jazeera

我們半島電視台

were banned from Tunisia for years,

好幾年來就被突尼西亞禁止採訪

and the government did not allow

該國政府不允許我們

any Al Jazeera reporter to be there.

半島的記者到該國

But we found that these people in the street,

但是我們發現街頭的這些人

all of them are our reporters,

個個都是我們的記者

feeding our newsroom

不斷湧向我們的新聞室

with pictures, with videos

照片、影片

and with news.

還有新聞報導

And suddenly that newsroom in Doha

位於杜哈的那個新聞室突然

became a center

變成了接收平凡百姓

that received all this kind of input from ordinary people --

傳來的這類資料的中心－

people who are connected and people who have ambition

上網連結的人、具有雄心壯志的人

and who have liberated themselves

他們解放了自己

from the feeling of inferiority.

不再感到自卑

And then we took that decision:

於是我們做了那個決定：

We are unrolling the news.

我們開始披露這些新聞

We are going to be the voice for these voiceless people.

我們要成爲這些無聲人民的喉舌

We are going to spread the message.

我們要把這個信息傳播出去

Yes, some of these young people

沒錯，這些年輕人當中

are connected to the Internet,

有些是連結到網路上的

but the connectivity in the Arab world

但是在阿拉伯世界的連結率

is very little, is very small,

很小、很少人連結網路

because of many problems that we are suffering from.

由於我們遭遇到許多問題

But Al Jazeera took the voice from these people

不過半島電視台接收這些人的聲音

and we amplified [it].

然後將他們的聲音放大

We put it in every sitting room in the Arab world --

把那聲音帶到阿拉伯世界的每個客廳－

and internationally, globally,

也透過英語頻道

through our English channel.

跨越國際，帶到全球

And then people started to feel

於是人們開始感受到

that there's something new happening.

有一種新的情況正在發生

And then Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali

於是班阿里

decided to leave.

決定下台

And then Egypt started,

然後埃及開始了

and Hosni Mubarak decided to leave.

穆巴拉克決定下台

And now Libya as you see it.

現在利比亞是大家都看到的

And then you have Yemen.

此外還有葉門

And you have many other countries trying to see

還有許多其他的國家

and to rediscover that feeling

正在嘗試重新發現那種

of, "How do we imagine a future

"我們到底憧憬怎樣的

which is magnificent and peaceful and tolerant?"

既偉大又平和且寬容的未來呢？"

I want to tell you something,

我想告訴各位

that the Internet and connectivity

網際網路和連結

has created [a] new mindset.

已經創造出新的心態

But this mindset

但這種心態

has continued to be faithful

仍一直是忠於

to the soil and to the land

孕育它的

that it emerged from.

斯土斯地

And while this was the major difference

而且在一方面這一點是與以往

between many initiatives before

許多創造改變的方案最大的不同是－

to create change,

以往我們只能想

before we thought, and governments told us --

政府說了算－

and even sometimes it was true --

而且這往往還是真實的情況

that change was imposed on us,

改變是加諸在我們身上的－

and people rejected that,

人民不能接受那樣

because they thought that it is alien to their culture.

因爲他們覺得那與我們的文化相違

Always, we believed

我們一直相信

that change will spring from within,

改變將會從內部湧出

that change should be a reconciliation

那樣的改變應該是一種和解

with culture, cultural diversity,

一種與文化、與文化多樣性、

with our faith in our tradition

與我們的傳統信仰

and in our history,

以及歷史的和解

but at the same time,

但另一方面也同時

open to universal values, connected with the world,

開放接納普世價值、連結世界

tolerant to the outside.

而且具有對外的寬容

And this is the moment

現在就是那個時刻

that is happening right now in the Arab world.

正在阿拉伯世界發生的

This is the right moment, and this is the actual moment

這是再好不過的時刻

that we see all of these meanings meet together

所有的價值意義都包含其中

and then create the beginning

於是造成了這個

of this magnificent era

偉大時代的開端

that will emerge from the region.

它將在這個地區湧現

How did the elite deal with that --

而菁英們如何面對呢－

the so-called political elite?

那些所謂的政治菁英們？

In front of Facebook,

面對著臉書

they brought the camels in Tahrir Square.

他們把駱駝帶到解放廣場

In front of Al Jazeera,

面對著半島電視台

they started creating tribalism.

他們開始製造族群分裂

And then when they failed,

但是當他們失敗了

they started speaking about conspiracies

他們開始說那是台拉維夫

that emerged from Tel Aviv and Washington

送來的陰謀

in order to divide the Arab world.

試圖分裂阿拉伯世界

They started telling the West,

他們開始告訴西方

"Be aware of Al-Qaeda.

"當心蓋達組織

Al-Qaeda is taking over our territories.

蓋達正在接收我們的領土

These are Islamists

這些人是伊斯蘭基本教義派的

trying to create new Imaras.

試圖建立新的政教國家

Be aware of these people

當心這些人

who [are] coming to you

他們接下來攻擊的就是你們

in order to ruin your great civilization."

爲的是毀壞你們的偉大文明

Fortunately,

所幸的是

people right now cannot be deceived.

現在的人不能被欺騙

Because this corrupt elite

因爲在那個地區的

in that region

這些腐敗的菁英們

has lost even the power of deception.

甚至已經失去了欺騙別人的能力

They could not, and they cannot, imagine

他們以往不能，現在也不能

how they could really deal with this reality.

想象到如何面對這個真實的情況

They have lost.

他們一籌莫展－

They have been detached

他們距離人民、

from their people, from the masses,

距離群衆太過於遙遠

and now we are seeing them collapsing

因此我們現在看到他們

one after the other.

一個接一個倒下來

Al Jazeera is not

半島電視台不是

a tool of revolution.

革命的工具

We do not create revolutions.

我們沒有製造革命

However,

然而

when something of that magnitude happens,

當那樣偉大的事件發生時

we are at the center of the coverage.

我們處於報導事件的中心

We were banned from Egypt,

我們被禁止進入埃及

and our correspondents,

我們的新聞特派員

some of them were arrested.

有些人被逮捕了

But most of our camera people

但是我們大多數的攝影師

and our journalists,

以及我們的記者－

they went underground in Egypt -- voluntarily --

出於自願－他們潛入埃及

to report what happened in Tahrir Square.

以便能報導解放廣場的情況

For 18 days,

整整十八天

our cameras were broadcasting, live,

我們的攝影機現場轉播

the voices of the people in Tahrir Square.

解放廣場上人民的聲音

I remember one night

我記得有一天晚上

when someone phoned me on my cellphone --

有人打電話到我的行動電話來－

ordinary person who I don't know -- from Tahrir Square.

我不認識的普通人－從解放廣場打來的

He told me, "We appeal to you

他告訴我"我們請求你們

not to switch off the cameras.

不要關掉攝影機

If you switch off the cameras tonight,

如果你們今晚關掉攝影機

there will be a genocide.

那會鬧出人命的

You are protecting us

你們讓人們看見

by showing what is happening at Tahrir Square."

解放廣場發生的一切，是在保護我們"

I felt the responsibility

我頓時感到責任重大

to phone our correspondents there

打電話給在那裡的特派員

and to phone our newsroom

打電話給我們的新聞室

and to tell them, "Make your best

告訴他們"盡可能

not to switch off the cameras at night,

不要在晚間關掉攝影機

because the guys there really feel confident

因爲有人報導著他們在那裡的故事

when someone is reporting their story --

那些人會感到自信－

and they feel protected as well."

同時也會感到受保護"

So we have a chance

如此我們才有機會

to create a new future

在世界上的那個地區

in that part of the world.

創造一個新的未來

We have a chance

我們才有機會

to go and to think of the future

繼續前進、思考我們的未來

as something which is open to the world.

開放給這個世界的未來

Let us not repeat the mistake of Iran,

我們不能重蹈伊朗的覆轍

of [the] Mosaddeq revolution.

導致胎死腹中的革命

Let us free ourselves -- especially in the West --

我們要解放自己－尤其是西方－

from thinking about that part of the world

不要以爲那個地區

based on oil interest,

只是基於石油的利益

or based on interests

或是基於穩定安全的幻覺

of the illusion of stability and security.

所能獲得的利益

The stability and security

其實，專制的政權

of authoritarian regimes

所維持的穩定和安全

cannot create

只會創造出

but terrorism and violence and destruction.

恐怖主義、暴力和摧毀

Let us accept the choice of the people.

讓我們接受人民的抉擇

Let us not pick and choose

我們不要挑選

who we would like to rule their future.

我們中意的人來主宰他們的未來

The future should be ruled

未來應該由

by people themselves,

人民自己來主宰

even sometimes if they are voices

即使有時有些聲音

that might now scare us.

在此時會讓我們驚嚇

But the values of democracy

但是此時席捲中東的

and the freedom of choice

民主價值

that is sweeping the Middle East at this moment in time

和選擇的自由，對這個世界而言

is the best opportunity for the world,

正是大好機會

for the West and the East,

無論東方或西方

to see stability and to see security

都將看到安定和安全

and to see friendship and to see tolerance

也將看到友誼和寬容

emerging from the Arab world,

湧現在阿拉伯世界裡

rather than the images of violence and terrorism.

而非暴力與恐怖的景象

Let us support these people.

讓我們支持這些人民

Let us stand for them.

讓我們爲他們撐腰

And let us give up

讓我們放棄

our narrow selfishness

狹隘的自私自利

in order to embrace change,

以便擁抱改變

and in order to celebrate with the people of that region

以便能和那地區的人民一同歡慶

a great future

一個偉大的未來

and hope and tolerance.

一同歡慶希望與寬容

The future has arrived,

未來已經來臨

and the future is now.

未來就在今朝

I thank you very much.

謝謝各位聆聽

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you very much.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Chris Anderson: I just have a couple of questions for you.

Chris Anderson：只有幾個問題

Thank you for coming here.

感謝你來此演講

How would you characterize the historical significance

這陣子發生的事

of what's happened?

你如何定義其歷史意義

Is this a story-of-the-year, a story-of-the-decade

這是本年最大事、十年最大事

or something more?

還是更大的一件事？

Wadah Khanfar: Actually, this may be the biggest story that we have ever covered.

Wadah Khanfar：這可能是我們報導過的最大事

We have covered many wars.

我們報導過許多戰爭

We have covered a lot of tragedies, a lot of problems,

許多悲劇、許多問題

a lot of conflict zones, a lot of hot spots in the region,

許多衝突地區、許多該地區的熱點

because we were centered at the middle of it.

因爲我們就在其中

But this is a story -- it is a great story; it is beautiful.

但這事件－這是一件大事，而且很美妙

It is not something that you only cover

這不是因為發生了一件大事

because you have to cover a great incident.

我們非得報導不可而已

You are witnessing change in history.

而是我們目睹著歷史的改變

You are witnessing the birth of a new era.

我們正在見證新時代的來臨

And this is what the story's all about.

這是這個事件偉大之處

CA: There are a lot of people in the West

CA：在西方有許多人

who are still skeptical,

仍然有些懷疑

or think this may just be an intermediate stage

或認爲這只是過渡階段

before much more alarming chaos.

接下來可能會有更令人擔憂的混亂

You really believe

你真的相信

that if there are democratic elections in Egypt now,

如果現在在埃及有了民主的選舉

that a government could emerge

那就會出現一個政府

that espouses some of the values you've spoken about so inspiringly?

擁抱你那麽熱切談論的某些價值？

WK: And people actually,

WK：其實人民也會是那樣

after the collapse of the Hosni Mubarak regime,

穆巴拉克政權垮台後

the youth who have organized themselves

青年人已經組織了

in certain groups and councils,

某些群體和議會

they are guarding the transformation

他們看守著轉型的過程

and they are trying to put it on a track

他們試圖將它導入正軌

in order to satisfy

好讓政府能夠符合

the values of democracy,

民主的價值

but at the same time

但在此同時

also to make it reasonable

也讓它能夠

and to make it rational,

合情合理

not to go out of order.

不至於亂了秩序

In my opinion, these people are much more wiser

依我看法，這些人不僅

than, not only the political elite,

比政治菁英

even the intellectual elite, even opposition leaders

甚至比學術菁英或反對領袖

including political parties.

包括政黨都還要明智

At this moment in time, the youth in the Arab world

此時此刻阿拉伯世界的年輕人

are much more wiser

已經聰明多了

and capable of creating the change

他們有能力創造改變

than the old --

比那些老人－

including the political and cultural

比那些舊政權的政治、

and ideological

文化和意識形態的菁英們

old regimes.

還要聰明

(Applause)

(掌聲)

CA: We are not to get involved politically and interfere in that way.

CA：我們不會那樣介入阿拉伯世界的政治

What should people here at TED,

在TED的人、在西方這裡

here in the West,

能做的是歡迎他們加入

do if they want to connect or make a difference

如果他們希望改變也相信

and they believe in what's happening here?

我們在這裡的努力

WK: I think we have discovered a very important issue in the Arab world --

WK：我想我們在阿拉伯世界

that people care,

發現了一個重要的議題

people care about this great transformation.

人們很關心這個巨大的轉型

Mohamed Nanabhay who's sitting with us,

半島網站的總管

the head of Aljazeera.net,

穆罕默德納那布海就在這兒

he told me that a 2,500 percent increase

他向我說我們網站的點閱率

of accessing our website

增加了2500%

from various parts of the world.

是來自世界各地的點閱率

Fifty percent of it is coming from America.

從美國來的有50%

Because we discovered that people care,

我們發現人們關心阿拉伯世界

and people would like to know --

人們希望知道－

they are receiving the stream through our Internet.

他們從我們的網站接收現場訊息

Unfortunately in the United States,

不幸地，此時此刻在美國

we are not covering but Washington D.C. at this moment in time

我們只能提供華盛頓特區

for Al Jazeera English.

半島電視台的英語節目

But I can tell you, this is the moment to celebrate

不過我可以告訴您，此時正是我們

through connecting ourselves

與那些上街頭的人民

with those people in the street

連結起來一同歡慶

and expressing our support to them

並表達我們支持的時候

and expressing this kind of feeling, universal feeling,

同時也表達這種支持弱小者、

of supporting the weak and the oppressed

這種支持受壓迫人民的普世感情

to create a much better future for all of us.

以便創造對大家都更好的未來

CA: Well Wadah, a group of members of the TED community,

CA：好的，瓦達，TED社群有一組成員

TEDxCairo,

是在開羅的TEDX

are meeting as we speak.

在我們談話時他們也正在聚會

They've had some speakers there.

他們也有演說者來過這兒

I believe they've heard your talk.

我相信他們已經聽到你的談話了

Thank you for inspiring them and for inspiring all of us.

感謝你激勵他們，也激勵了我們

Thank you so much.

非常感謝你

(Applause)

(掌聲)