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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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翻译人员: Emma Zhao
校对人员: Wei Wu
00:52
(Hammer)
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(锤声)
00:58
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:19
(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
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(微波炉声)(笑声)
01:30
You probably all agree with me
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你们也许会同意
01:32
that this is a very nice road.
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这条路很不错。
01:35
It's made of asphalt,
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它是沥青做的,
01:37
and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
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沥青是一种很好的材料,在上面开车很好
01:41
but not always, especially not on these days as today,
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但也不总是,特别是像今天这样的天气,
01:45
when it's raining a lot.
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下大雨的时候。
01:47
Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
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在沥青路上会溅起很多水。
01:50
And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
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尤其是如果你正骑着自行车,
01:52
and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
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与那些车擦肩而过,就不太好啦。
01:56
Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
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同时,沥青路会产生很大噪音。
01:59
It's a noisy material,
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这种材料有点吵,
02:01
and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
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如果我们要修的路紧邻城市,
02:03
very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
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像荷兰的道路那样,我们就会希望噪音小一些。
02:07
The solution for that is to make roads
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解决的办法就是
02:10
out of porous asphalt.
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使用多孔沥青来修路。
02:13
Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
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多孔沥青这种材料
02:15
in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
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用在荷兰的多数高速公路上,
02:18
it has pores and water can just rain through it,
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它有些小毛孔让水渗过去,
02:21
so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
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雨水会流向旁边,
02:24
and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
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路上驾车就容易了,
02:26
so no splash water anymore.
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也没有溅起的水花。
02:28
Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
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噪音也会消失在这些毛孔里。
02:31
Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
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因为它有很多空洞,相互抵消了噪音,
02:34
so it's a very silent road.
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所以路就很安静。
02:37
It also has disadvantages, of course,
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当然,它也有缺点,
02:40
and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
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这种路的缺点是沥青可能会松脱。
02:44
What is raveling? You see that in this road
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什么叫松脱?看看这条路
02:47
that the stones at the surface come off.
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路面上的石头脱落。
02:50
First you get one stone, then several more,
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开始一块,接着几块,
02:55
and more and more and more and more,
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越来越多,
02:57
and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
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后来就——我就不演示了。(笑声)
03:00
But they can damage your windshield,
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但它们会损坏你的挡风玻璃,
03:03
so you're not happy with that.
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你肯定不高兴。
03:05
And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
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最后,这种松脱会带来越来越多的损害。
03:09
Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
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有时候路面会出现坑槽
03:12
Ha. He's ready.
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哈,他早有准备。
03:16
Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
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坑坑洼洼当然会变成问题,
03:19
but we have a solution.
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但我们有解决的办法。
03:21
Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
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这里你看到的是这种材料上出现的损害。
03:24
It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
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这是沥青,就像我说的,
03:26
a small amount of binder between the stones.
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石头中间有少量的粘合剂。
03:29
Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
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由于风化、紫外线、氧化等原因
03:32
this binder, this bitumen,
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这种粘合剂,这种沥青,
03:35
the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
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集料之间的黏胶会收缩,
03:37
and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
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如果它收缩,就会有小裂纹,
03:39
and it delaminates from the aggregates.
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从集块开始会出现分层。
03:41
Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
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如果你在这种路上行驶,你会带出这些集料--
03:44
what we just saw here.
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就是我们看到的。
03:47
To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
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为了解决这个问题,我们考虑到了自我修复材料。
03:50
If we can make this material self-healing,
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如果我们能让这种材料自我修复,
03:53
then probably we have a solution.
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就有可能有解决方案。
03:56
So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
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我们用的就是清洁厨具用的钢丝绒,
04:01
and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
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钢丝绒可以裁成很小块,
04:04
and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
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我们把这些小块混进沥青。
04:08
So then you have asphalt
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所以现在的沥青
04:10
with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
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有一些小钢丝绒在里面。
04:13
Then you need a machine, like you see here,
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你再需要一个像这样的机器,
04:16
that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
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一个感应电机——它可以用来做饭。
04:19
Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
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感应电机可以加热东西,尤其擅长加热钢铁
04:23
Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
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所以我们要做的就是把钢铁加热,
04:26
you melt the bitumen,
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把沥青溶化,
04:27
and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
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沥青就会流进那些小裂缝里,
04:30
and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
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脱落的小石子就又被粘上了。
04:33
Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
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由于感应电机太大了拿不上来,
04:37
the big induction machine here onstage.
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我在这里就用微波炉演示了。
04:39
So a microwave is a similar system.
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微波炉跟感应电机的原理类似。
04:42
So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
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我把样品放进去了,现在把它拿出来
04:46
to see what happened.
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看看发生了什么事。
04:49
So this is the specimen coming out now.
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这是样品现在的样子。
04:51
So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
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我们实验室里有工业用的机器
04:56
to heat up the specimens.
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来加热样品。
04:58
We tested a lot of specimens there,
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我们测试过很多样品,
05:00
and then the government, they actually saw our results,
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政府也看过我们的结果,
05:03
and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
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他们决定,“这很有趣,我们应该试一下。”
05:07
So they donated to us a piece of highway,
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政府免费授权了一段高速公路给我们,
05:10
400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
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在A58号上400米的距离,
05:13
a test track to test this material.
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我们就在那里做了材料测试。
05:16
So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
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这就是我们做的。你看到的就是做的实验路段,
05:19
and then of course this road will last several years
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当然这段路近几年不会坏。
05:24
without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
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我们在实践中确认了这点。
05:27
So we took a lot of samples from this road
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我们在这段路上取了很多样品
05:30
and we tested them in the lab.
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在实验室里进行各种测试。
05:32
So we did aging on the samples,
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我们做了老化实验,
05:35
did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
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加了很多负载,用我们的感应电机给它们加热,
05:39
and healed them and tested them again.
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重复加热和测试。
05:41
Several times we can repeat that.
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我们可以多次重复。
05:43
So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
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事实上,这项实验得到的结论是
05:45
if we go on the road every four years
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如果我们每四年在这段路上
05:49
with our healing machine -- this is the big version
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用我们的加热机器——超大号微波炉
05:52
we have made to go on the real road --
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我们要把这个机器搬到公路上用——
05:54
if we go on the road every four years
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我们每四年上这段路
05:55
we can double the surface life of this road,
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路面的寿命会加倍,
05:59
which of course saves a lot of money.
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当然会省很多钱。
06:01
Well, to conclude, I can say
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所以,结论是
06:04
that we made a material
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我们制造了一种材料
06:06
using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
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使用钢纤维,加了钢纤维
06:10
using induction energy to really
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使用感应能量(induction energy)
06:13
increase the surface life of the road,
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有效的增加了路面的寿命,
06:15
double the surface life you can even do,
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能使路面的寿命加倍,
06:17
so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
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用这种简单的技巧就会省很多钱。
06:21
And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
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你会好奇是否会有效。
06:24
So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
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我们看这个样品。现在还有点烫。
06:27
Actually, it still has to cool down first
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事实上,我要先让它冷却下来
06:30
before I can show you that the healing works.
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才能向你们展示加热修复是否有效。
06:32
But I will do a trial.
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但是要尝试一下。
06:35
Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
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看,真的,修好了。
06:38
Thank you.
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谢谢!
06:39
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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