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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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譯者: Jenny Sung
審譯者: Shin-Yuan Tzou
00:52
(Hammer)
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(敲擊聲)
00:58
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:19
(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
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(微波爐嗶嗶聲)(笑)
01:30
You probably all agree with me
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可能你們都會同意我的看法
01:32
that this is a very nice road.
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這是一條很平整的路
01:35
It's made of asphalt,
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它是瀝青鋪成的柏油路
01:37
and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
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在柏油路上開車很舒服
01:41
but not always, especially not on these days as today,
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但並非永遠如此, 尤其像今天
01:45
when it's raining a lot.
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下著大雨
01:47
Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
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使得柏油路上到處濺起水花
01:50
And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
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尤其當你騎著自行車
01:52
and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
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並從車子旁經過, 情況會更糟
01:56
Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
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還有, 柏油路上會產生許多噪音
01:59
It's a noisy material,
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它是個吵雜的東西
02:01
and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
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如果我們像在荷蘭一樣的鋪路
02:03
very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
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一條離城市很近的路
那麼我們喜歡一條安靜的道路
02:07
The solution for that is to make roads
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對此的解決方法是鋪一條
02:10
out of porous asphalt.
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多孔的柏油路
02:13
Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
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我們現在所用的多孔柏油路
02:15
in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
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常見於荷蘭的高速公路
02:18
it has pores and water can just rain through it,
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它擁有水可以滲透的小孔
02:21
so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
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所以雨水會流到路的兩邊,
02:24
and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
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而你將能輕鬆地駕駛在路上,
02:26
so no splash water anymore.
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不會再水花四濺
02:28
Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
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這些洞也能使所有的噪音消失
02:31
Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
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因為凹陷的洞能使噪音消失
02:34
so it's a very silent road.
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這條路會非常安靜
02:37
It also has disadvantages, of course,
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當然它也有缺點
02:40
and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
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那就是在這條路會有"鬆開"的情況
02:44
What is raveling? You see that in this road
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什麼是"鬆開"? 看看這條路
02:47
that the stones at the surface come off.
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路面上的碎石子脫落
02:50
First you get one stone, then several more,
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先是一顆石子, 然後數個
02:55
and more and more and more and more,
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然後更多...
02:57
and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
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並且-- 我不會那麼做 (笑)
03:00
But they can damage your windshield,
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但它們能破壞你的擋風玻璃
03:03
so you're not happy with that.
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所以你並不樂見
03:05
And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
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最終, 這"鬆脫"的現象也將導致更多破壞
03:09
Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
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有時甚至導致地面上的大坑洞
03:12
Ha. He's ready.
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準備好了
03:16
Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
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路面上的坑洞 當然是一大問題
03:19
but we have a solution.
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但我們有解決方法
03:21
Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
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在這你可以看見
03:24
It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
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這是個透水性的柏油路
就像我所說的, 所以
03:26
a small amount of binder between the stones.
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石子之間只能有一點點黏著劑
03:29
Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
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由於氣候, 紫外線照射, 氧化作用,
03:32
this binder, this bitumen,
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這黏著劑, 這瀝青
03:35
the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
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路面整體的黏性將減少
03:37
and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
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黏性減少就會有細微的裂縫
03:39
and it delaminates from the aggregates.
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裂縫誘使路面分層
03:41
Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
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此時車子經過路面, 又將路面
03:44
what we just saw here.
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正如我們剛才所見
03:47
To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
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為了解決這個問題, 我們想到了自療性物質
03:50
If we can make this material self-healing,
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如果我們能讓此物質擁有自療性
03:53
then probably we have a solution.
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或許能找到解決方法
03:56
So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
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因此我們利用清洗鍋子的鋼絲絨
04:01
and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
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將鋼絲絨切成細小的碎片
04:04
and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
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我們將這些細小的碎片與瀝青混合
04:08
So then you have asphalt
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便得到了
04:10
with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
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混有鋼絲絨小碎片的柏油路
04:13
Then you need a machine, like you see here,
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之後你需要一部機器, 如你所見
04:16
that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
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一個可以用來煮飯的電磁爐
04:19
Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
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電磁爐能加熱, 對於鋼絲效果更佳
04:23
Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
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你所要做的就是將鋼絲加熱
04:26
you melt the bitumen,
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並將瀝青融化
04:27
and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
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而瀝青會流入這些微小縫隙
04:30
and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
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這些小石子就會再度與路面黏合
04:33
Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
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今天我使用一台微波爐, 因為
04:37
the big induction machine here onstage.
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在台上我無法使用大型的晶體電磁爐
04:39
So a microwave is a similar system.
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微波爐和電磁爐的系統相近
04:42
So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
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我現在要拿出剛才放入的樣本
04:46
to see what happened.
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看看發生了什麼事
04:49
So this is the specimen coming out now.
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這就是剛出爐的樣本
04:51
So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
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我們的實驗室擁有這樣一台工業用的機器
04:56
to heat up the specimens.
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能用來加熱這些樣本
04:58
We tested a lot of specimens there,
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我們已做了許多試驗
05:00
and then the government, they actually saw our results,
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實際上政府也看見我們的成果
05:03
and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
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他們認為, "這非常有趣, 值得一試"
05:07
So they donated to us a piece of highway,
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所以政府捐贈出一段
05:10
400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
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400公尺的A58公路, 我們必須在這
05:13
a test track to test this material.
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利用此物質做一個實驗
05:16
So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
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而這就是我們所做的, 你們看見我們正在實驗
05:19
and then of course this road will last several years
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當然這條路將持續使用數年
05:24
without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
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毫無一點損害. 這是我們實驗後得出的結論
05:27
So we took a lot of samples from this road
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我們從這條路取了許多樣本
05:30
and we tested them in the lab.
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並且在實驗室經握多次測試
05:32
So we did aging on the samples,
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我們將這些樣本老化
05:35
did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
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在路面樣本施加重量, 並用晶體電磁爐將樣本癒合
05:39
and healed them and tested them again.
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如此反覆試驗
05:41
Several times we can repeat that.
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多次重複
05:43
So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
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從這項研究我們得出的結論是
05:45
if we go on the road every four years
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如果我們每四年在此條路上
05:49
with our healing machine -- this is the big version
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使用這台癒合型機器-- 這台大型的版本
05:52
we have made to go on the real road --
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為了用在真正道路上而製造的
05:54
if we go on the road every four years
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如果我們每隔四年保養一次
05:55
we can double the surface life of this road,
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便可以使這路面的壽命延長兩倍
05:59
which of course saves a lot of money.
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這當然可以節省一大筆錢。
06:01
Well, to conclude, I can say
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最後,我可以說
06:04
that we made a material
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我們提出一種材料
06:06
using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
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使用鋼纖維, 添加鋼纖維的方式
06:10
using induction energy to really
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再利用電磁感應的能量
06:13
increase the surface life of the road,
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增加路面的壽命
06:15
double the surface life you can even do,
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你甚至可以使路面壽命延長兩倍
06:17
so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
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所以真的能以非常簡單的小方法節省一大筆錢
06:21
And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
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想必你現在很好奇這到底能否發揮作用
06:24
So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
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所以我們在這裡仍有標本, 它很溫暖
06:27
Actually, it still has to cool down first
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實際上, 在我展示它的癒合功能之前
06:30
before I can show you that the healing works.
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它仍要先冷卻下來
06:32
But I will do a trial.
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但我會做個試驗
06:35
Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
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讓我們看看。是的, 它起作用了
06:38
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:39
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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