Erik Schlangen: A "self-healing" asphalt

168,295 views ใƒป 2013-02-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:52
(Hammer)
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(ืคื˜ื™ืฉ)
00:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:19
(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
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(ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืค ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ) (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:30
You probably all agree with me
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื™
01:32
that this is a very nice road.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื“.
01:35
It's made of asphalt,
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืืกืคืœื˜,
01:37
and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
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ืืกืคืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืขืœื™ื•
01:41
but not always, especially not on these days as today,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:45
when it's raining a lot.
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ื›ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ืฉื.
01:47
Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื–ื™ื ืžื”ืืกืคืœื˜.
01:50
And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
01:52
and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืžื“.
01:56
Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืืกืคืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขืฉ.
01:59
It's a noisy material,
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืจืขื™ืฉ,
02:01
and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“,
02:03
very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืจื™ื, ืื– ื ืจืฆื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื˜.
02:07
The solution for that is to make roads
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื
02:10
out of porous asphalt.
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ืžืืกืคืœื˜ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™.
02:13
Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
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ืืกืคืœื˜ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™, ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืขืช
02:15
in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“,
02:18
it has pores and water can just rain through it,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื•
02:21
so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื–ืจืžื• ืžืฉื ื”ืœืื” ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
02:24
and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื“ืจืš ืงืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
02:26
so no splash water anymore.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื–ืช ืžื™ื.
02:28
Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
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ื’ื ื”ืจืขืฉ ื™ื™ืขืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•,
02:31
Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื™ื™ืขืœื,
02:34
so it's a very silent road.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื˜ ืžืื•ื“.
02:37
It also has disadvantages, of course,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
02:40
and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืชืจื•ืคืคื•ืช.
02:44
What is raveling? You see that in this road
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคืคื•ืช? ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื”
02:47
that the stones at the surface come off.
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ืฉื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช.
02:50
First you get one stone, then several more,
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ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช, ื•ืื– ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื”,
02:55
and more and more and more and more,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:57
and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืืขืฉื” ื–ืืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:00
But they can damage your windshield,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœืฉืžืฉื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
03:03
so you're not happy with that.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืžื—.
03:05
And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืจื•ืคืคื•ืช ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื–ืง.
03:09
Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื ื–ื” ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช .
03:12
Ha. He's ready.
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ื”ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
03:16
Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
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ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื”,
03:19
but we have a solution.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
03:21
Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื–ืง ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื”.
03:24
It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
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ื–ื”ื• ืืกืคืœื˜ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืื– ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืจืง
03:26
a small amount of binder between the stones.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื™ื—ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื.
03:29
Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
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ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื”, ืขืงื‘ ืงืจื™ื ืช U.V., ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื—ืžืฆื ื•ืช,
03:32
this binder, this bitumen,
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื™ื—ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืžืŸ,
03:35
the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ,
03:37
and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ, ื”ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืกื“ืงื™ื,
03:39
and it delaminates from the aggregates.
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ื”ืœืžื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืงืœืคืช ืžื”ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื™ื.
03:41
Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
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ืื– ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืืชื” ืขื•ืงืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื™ื --
03:44
what we just saw here.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ.
03:47
To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•, ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื-ืขืฆืžื™ .
03:50
If we can make this material self-healing,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืขืฆืžื™,
03:53
then probably we have a solution.
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ืื– ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
03:56
So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืžืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืชื•ืช,
04:01
and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
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ื•ืฆืžืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“,
04:04
and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืœื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืžืŸ.
04:08
So then you have asphalt
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืกืคืœื˜
04:10
with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
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ืขื ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืจ ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
04:13
Then you need a machine, like you see here,
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ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
04:16
that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ - ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื”.
04:19
Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
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ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืžื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืคืœื“ื”; ื”ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืžืื“ ืœื–ื”.
04:23
Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
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ืื– ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”,
04:26
you melt the bitumen,
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ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืžืŸ,
04:27
and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื–ื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืกื“ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:30
and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
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ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
04:33
Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช
04:37
the big induction machine here onstage.
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ืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื›ืืŸ ืœื‘ืžื”.
04:39
So a microwave is a similar system.
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ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื“ื•ืžื”.
04:42
So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
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ืื– ืฉืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื”, ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื
04:46
to see what happened.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื”.
04:49
So this is the specimen coming out now.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:51
So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
04:56
to heat up the specimens.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืžื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช.
04:58
We tested a lot of specimens there,
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื,
05:00
and then the government, they actually saw our results,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:03
and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ื–ืืช."
05:07
So they donated to us a piece of highway,
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ืื– ื”ื ืชืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืคื™ืกืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
05:10
400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
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400 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”-A58, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:13
a test track to test this material.
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ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื”.
05:16
So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ. ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืคื•ื ืกืœืœื ื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ,
05:19
and then of course this road will last several years
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื
05:24
without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
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ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง. ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ื•.
05:27
So we took a lot of samples from this road
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ืื– ืœืงื—ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื”
05:30
and we tested them in the lab.
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
05:32
So we did aging on the samples,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื”ืชื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช,
05:35
did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
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ื”ื˜ืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื™ืงืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
05:39
and healed them and tested them again.
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ื•ืฉื™ืงืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ื•ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื.
05:41
Several times we can repeat that.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื .
05:43
So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืžืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื
05:45
if we go on the road every four years
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ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
05:49
with our healing machine -- this is the big version
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ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื• - ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
05:52
we have made to go on the real road --
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ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™-
05:54
if we go on the road every four years
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
05:55
we can double the surface life of this road,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ,
05:59
which of course saves a lot of money.
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ืžื” ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื—ื•ืกืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
06:01
Well, to conclude, I can say
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ
06:04
that we made a material
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ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ
06:06
using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคืœื“ื”, ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื”,
06:10
using induction energy to really
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช
06:13
increase the surface life of the road,
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ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
06:15
double the surface life you can even do,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—.
06:17
so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืขื ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
06:21
And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
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ื•ืืชื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื‘ื“.
06:24
So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
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ืื– ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื”. ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื—ืžื”.
06:27
Actually, it still has to cool down first
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ
06:30
before I can show you that the healing works.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ.
06:32
But I will do a trial.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
06:35
Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช. ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“.
06:38
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
06:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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