Al Vernacchio: Sex needs a new metaphor. Here's one ...

348,882 views ・ 2013-07-15

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翻译人员: xuan wang 校对人员: Julia Xu
00:12
I'd like to talk to you today
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今天我要给大家介绍一种
00:14
about a whole new way to think about sexual activity
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通过比较方法
00:19
and sexuality education, by comparison.
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得出的对性行为和性教育的全新认识
00:23
If you talk to someone today in America
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如今当你和美国人谈论
00:25
about sexual activity,
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性行为,
00:27
you'll find pretty soon you're not just talking
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很快就会发现你们谈的不光是
00:31
about sexual activity.
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性行为
00:32
You're also talking about baseball.
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你们也在谈论棒球
00:35
Because baseball is the dominant cultural metaphor
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因为棒球是美国人用来
00:40
that Americans use to think about
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思考和谈论性行为的
00:42
and talk about sexual activity,
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主流文化暗喻
00:45
and we know that because there's
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大家都心知肚明
00:47
all this language in English
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这些英文字眼
00:49
that seems to be talking about baseball
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听起来像是在谈棒球
00:52
but that's really talking about sexual activity.
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但其实是在谈性行为
00:56
So, for example, you can be a pitcher or a catcher,
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比方说,你可能是一名“ 投手” 或是 “ 捕手”
00:59
and that corresponds to whether you
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这其实是指你是
01:01
perform a sexual act or receive a sexual act.
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主动性行为者还是被动性行为者
01:05
Of course, there are the bases,
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当然,还有“ 垒”,
01:06
which refer to specific sexual activities
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暗指按具体顺序进行的
01:09
that happen in a very specific order,
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某个具体的性行为,
01:12
ultimately resulting in scoring a run
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最终达到了“ 跑垒成功”
01:15
or hitting a home run,
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或者“ 本垒打” 的效果,
01:16
which is usually having vaginal intercourse
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这通常是指进行阴道性交
01:18
to the point of orgasm,
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达到了高潮
01:20
at least for the guy.
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至少对男生来说
01:23
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:24
You can strike out, which means
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你可以”三振出局“
01:26
you don't get to have any sexual activity.
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意味着您今天没爱可做
01:28
And if you're a benchwarmer,
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如果您是一位“ 板凳队员”
01:30
you might be a virgin or somebody who for
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您可能是一个处女(子)或者处于某种原因
01:32
whatever reason isn't in the game,
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还未能“ 参赛”
01:34
maybe because of your age or because of your ability
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也许是您的年龄或是能力
01:38
or because of your skillset.
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或是技巧
01:41
A bat's a penis,
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“ 球棍” 指的是阴茎
01:42
and a nappy dugout is a vulva, or a vagina.
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而“ 球员休息区” 则暗指阴道
01:46
A glove or a catcher's mitt is a condom.
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“ 捕手的手套” 指的是安全套
01:49
A switch-hitter is a bisexual person,
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而“ 左右全能的击球手” 是“ 双性恋”
01:52
and we gay and lesbian folks play for the other team.
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而我们“ 男女同性恋” 则是为对手卖力的
01:56
And then there's this one:
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还有一个
01:59
"if there's grass on the field, play ball."
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“如果地上有草,就玩球吧。”
02:03
And that usually refers to
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而这实际上指的是
02:05
if a young person, specifically often a young woman,
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如果一个年轻人,特别是一个年轻女孩儿
02:08
is old enough to have pubic hair,
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已经成熟到长阴毛的话
02:10
she's old enough to have sex with.
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她也就是可以有性行为
02:13
This baseball model is incredibly problematic.
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这个棒球模式是很有问题的
02:16
It's sexist. It's heterosexist.
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它带有性别歧视和性取向(对同性恋)歧视。
02:18
It's competitive. It's goal-directed.
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它充满了竞争和太具有目的性。
02:21
And it can't result in healthy sexuality
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而且这个模式无法推进健康性生活
02:23
developing in young people or in adults.
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在年轻人或者成年人中的发展
02:26
So we need a new model.
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所以我们需要一个新的模式
02:28
I'm here today to offer you that new model.
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我今天来就是为大家提供那个新模式的
02:31
And it's based on
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它的基础是
02:33
pizza.
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披萨饼
02:34
Now pizza is something that is universally understood
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披萨嘛,全世界都知道
02:38
and that most people associate with a positive experience.
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而且大多数人都把它跟美好的经历联系起来
02:41
So let's do this.
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那么我们开始吧
02:42
Let's take baseball and pizza and compare it
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让我们把棒球和比萨饼放在一起
02:45
when talking about three aspects of sexual activity:
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比较一下下面关于性行为的三个方面
02:48
the trigger for sexual activity,
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性行为的开端
02:50
what happens during sexual activity,
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性行为过程中发生了什么
02:52
and the expected outcome of sexual activity.
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以及性行为的预期结果
02:55
So when do you play baseball?
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请问大家什么时候可以打棒球
02:58
You play baseball when it's baseball season
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通常是在赛季
03:00
and when there's a game on the schedule.
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有赛程安排才能打
03:03
It's not exactly your choice.
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这不是你自己可以选择的
03:05
So if it's prom night or a wedding night
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如果碰巧有舞会或婚礼
03:08
or at a party or if our parents aren't home,
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或者有开派对又或者是你父母不在家
03:11
hey, it's just batter up.
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嘿,抓紧时间,好好打吧
03:14
Can you imagine saying to your coach,
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你能想象跟教练说,
03:15
"Uh, I'm not really feeling it today,
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“ 恩,我今天没感觉
03:18
I think I'll sit this game out."
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我想我就不参加这次的比赛了。“
03:20
That's just not the way it happens.
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根本没门儿
03:22
And when you get together to play baseball,
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而且当大家聚到一起打棒球的时候
03:24
immediately you're with two opposing teams,
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马上就会出现两个对立的球队
03:27
one playing offense, one playing defense,
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一队进攻,一队防守
03:29
somebody's trying to move deeper into the field.
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总有人试图往球场里更进一步
03:32
That's usually a sign to the boy.
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通常是指男孩儿
03:34
Somebody's trying to defend people moving into the field.
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总有人试图阻止其他人往球场内移动
03:37
That's often given to the girl.
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通常是指女孩儿
03:39
It's competitive.
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这是一种竞争
03:40
We're not playing with each other.
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我们不是和彼此一同游戏
03:42
We're playing against each other.
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我们是在和彼此竞争
03:43
And when you show up to play baseball,
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而且当你打棒球的时候
03:45
nobody needs to talk about what we're going to do
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没有人需要告诉你我们下步做什么
03:48
or how this baseball game might be good for us.
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或者这场棒球赛对我们有好处
03:50
Everybody knows the rules.
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所有人都知道规则
03:51
You just take your position and play the game.
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你就站到自己的位置开始比赛就行
03:56
But when do you have pizza?
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那你什么时候吃披萨呢
03:58
Well, you have pizza when you're hungry for pizza.
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当你饿了想吃披萨的时候就吃
04:02
It starts with an internal sense, an internal desire, or a need.
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这首先始于一种内在的感受、渴望或是需求
04:07
"Huh. I could go for some pizza."
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“恩。我想要吃披萨。”
04:10
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:12
And because it's an internal desire,
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而且因为这是一种内在的渴望
04:15
we actually have some sense of control over that.
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我们其实是可以控制它的
我可以决定我饿了
04:18
I could decide that I'm hungry
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04:19
but know that it's not a great time to eat.
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但也知道现在不是吃饭的最佳时刻
04:23
And then when we get together with someone for pizza,
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然后当我们和别人一同吃披萨的时候
04:26
we're not competing with them,
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我们不是在和他们竞争
04:28
we're looking for an experience
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我们在寻找一种
04:30
that both of us will share
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彼此能够分享的
04:31
that's satisfying for both of us,
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让双方都感到满足的体验
04:33
and when you get together for pizza with somebody,
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当你和某人一同吃披萨的时候
04:36
what's the first thing you do?
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你们做的第一件事是什么
04:38
You talk about it.
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你们会先谈一谈
04:40
You talk about what you want.
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你们谈论想要什么
04:41
You talk about what you like.
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你们谈论喜欢什么
04:43
You may even negotiate it.
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你们甚至会商量一下
04:44
"How do you feel about pepperoni?" (Laughter)
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“你觉得意式辣香肠披萨如何?”(笑声)
04:47
"Not so much, I'm kind of a mushroom guy myself."
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“没什么感觉,我自己更喜欢蘑菇多点的。”
04:50
"Well, maybe we can go half and half."
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“那么,也许我们可以一半一半?”
04:52
And even if you've had pizza with somebody
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即使你和某人在一起吃披萨
04:54
for a very long time,
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已经很久了
04:57
don't you still say things like,
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你难道不会说,
04:59
"Should we get the usual?"
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“还是老三样儿?”
05:01
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:02
"Or maybe something a little more adventurous?"
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“或者也许这次吃点新鲜的?”
05:06
Okay, so when you're playing baseball,
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好,当你打棒球的时候
05:08
so if we talk about during sexual activity,
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如果我们谈谈性行为的过程
05:10
when you're playing baseball,
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当你打棒球的时候
05:11
you're just supposed to round the bases
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你只不过需要按照既定的正确顺序
05:14
in the proper order one at a time.
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把每个垒都跑一遍
05:16
You can't hit the ball and run to right field.
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你不能击了球然后想右边跑
05:18
That doesn't work.
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这行不通
05:19
And you also can't get to second base and say,
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而且你也不能在到了二垒的时候说
05:22
"I like it here. I'm going to stay here."
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“我觉得这儿挺好的。我就待在这里了。”
05:26
No.
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不行
05:28
And also, of course, with baseball, there's, like,
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而且,当然,对于棒球,你需要
05:30
the specific equipment and a specific skill set.
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有特定的装备和技术
不是每个人都能打棒球的,这项运动非常挑剔
05:33
Not everybody can play baseball. It's pretty exclusive.
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05:36
Okay, but what about pizza?
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好的,但是披萨呢?
05:38
When we're trying to figure out what's good for pizza,
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当我们想要弄明白吃什么披萨好的时候,
05:40
isn't it all about what's our pleasure?
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这不就是关于什么让我们快乐吗
05:43
There are a million different kinds of pizza.
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这里有上百万种不同的披萨
05:45
There's a million different toppings.
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有上百万种不同的陷料
05:47
There's a million different ways to eat pizza.
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也有上百万种不同的吃法
05:49
And none of them are wrong. They're different.
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没有一个是错误的,它们只是不同罢了
05:52
And in this case, difference is good,
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在这种情况下,不同是好的
05:54
because that's going to increase the chance
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因为这会增加我们
05:56
that we're having a satisfying experience.
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获得满意体验的几率
05:59
And lastly, what's the expected outcome of baseball?
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最后,棒球比赛的期望的结果是什么
06:02
Well, in baseball, you play to win.
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你比赛是为了赢
06:06
You score as many runs as you can.
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你尽全力得分
06:08
There's always a winner in baseball,
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在棒球比赛中总有一个胜者
06:10
and that means there's always a loser in baseball.
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这就意味着总会有一个失败者
06:14
But what about pizza?
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但是披萨呢
06:15
Well, in pizza, we're not really --
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吃披萨的时候
06:17
there's no winning. How do you win pizza?
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没有输赢。你怎么能赢披萨?
06:21
You don't. But you do look for,
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你不会。但你确实会问
06:24
"Are we satisfied?"
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“我们满意吗?”
06:26
And sometimes that can be different amounts
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而且满意的程度会根据
06:28
over different times or with different people
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不同的时间或者和不同的人或者
06:30
or on different days.
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不同日子而不同
06:32
And we get to decide when we feel satisfied.
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而且我们可以自己决定何时感到满足
06:35
If we're still hungry, we might have some more.
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如果我们还有些饿,我们可以再多吃些
06:38
If you eat too much, though,
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如果你吃得太多,那么
06:40
you just feel gross.
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你就感觉有些恶心了
06:42
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:44
So what if we could take this pizza model
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那么如果我们把这个披萨模式
06:47
and overlay it on top of sexuality education?
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应用到性教育上会怎样呢
06:50
A lot of sexuality education that happens today
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当今非常多的性教育
06:53
is so influenced by the baseball model,
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深受棒球模式影响
06:56
and it sets up education that can't help
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这让性教育无法帮助年轻人甚至
07:00
but produce unhealthy sexuality in young people.
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造成不健康的性行为
07:04
And those young people become older people.
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而那些年轻人又变成老一辈
07:06
But if we could create sexuality education
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但是如果我们可以创造
07:09
that was more like pizza,
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类似于披萨模式的性教育
07:12
we could create education that invites people
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来启发人们
07:15
to think about their own desires,
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思考他们自己的渴望
07:17
to make deliberate decisions about what they want,
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深思熟虑自己想要什么
07:21
to talk about it with their partners,
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和他们的另一半谈论性
07:23
and to ultimately look for
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然后最终寻找的并不单纯是
07:25
not some external outcome
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外在的结果
07:28
but for what feels satisfying,
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而是什么让我们感觉满足
07:31
and we get to decide that.
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我们有决定权
07:34
You may have noticed
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你也许已经注意到了
07:35
in the baseball and pizza comparison,
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在棒球模式和披萨饼模式的比较中
07:37
under the baseball, it's all commands.
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棒球模式里全都是指令
07:40
They're all exclamation points.
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全都是惊叹号
07:42
But under the pizza model, they're questions.
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但是在披萨饼模式中都是问题
07:45
And who gets to answer those questions?
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谁来回答那些问题呢?
07:47
You do. I do.
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你和我
07:51
So remember, when we're thinking about
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所以,请记住,当我们思考
07:53
sexuality education and sexual activity,
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性教育和性行为的时候
07:56
baseball, you're out.
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棒球模式已经过时了
07:58
Pizza is the way to think about healthy,
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披萨饼模式才是我们思考健康
08:01
satisfying sexual activity,
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满足的性行为
08:03
and good, comprehensive sexuality education.
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以及正确、全面的性教育的真正王道
08:06
Thank you very much for your time.
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谢谢大家
08:09
(Applause)
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这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

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