Anna Mracek Dietrich: A plane you can drive

59,186 views ・ 2011-11-02

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Guo Tang
00:15
What is it about flying cars?
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为什么飞行汽车让我们痴迷?
00:19
We've wanted to do this for about a hundred years.
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一百年前我们就开始想建造它
00:22
And there are historic attempts
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回望历史有不少尝试
00:25
that have had some level of technical success.
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技术上有了一定进展
00:28
But we haven't yet gotten to the point
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但今天我们仍然没能坐上飞行汽车
00:31
where on your way here this morning
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(如果成功的话)各位早上来的路上
00:33
you see something that really, truly seamlessly integrates
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就能够感受到它会将
00:36
the two-dimensional world that we're comfortable in
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我们熟悉的二维世界
00:39
with the three-dimensional sky above us --
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和头顶的三维天空天衣无缝地融为一体-
00:41
that, I don't know about you, but I really enjoy spending time in.
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不知道各位怎么想,但我真的是乐在其中
00:44
We looked at the historical attempts that had been out there
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我们回顾了以往的尝试
00:47
and realized that, despite the fact
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发现尽管事实上
00:49
that we have a lot of modern innovations
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今天我们有许多的
00:51
to draw on today
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现代化创新
00:53
that weren't available previously --
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在以前是没有的-
00:55
we have modern composite materials,
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我们有现代复合材料,
00:57
we have aircraft engines that get good fuel economy
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有无可比拟的省油
01:00
and have better power-to-rate ratios than have ever been available,
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且超大输出功率的飞机引擎
01:03
we have glass cockpit avionics
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我们有玻璃的座舱电子设备
01:05
that bring the information you need to fly
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提供飞行信息
01:07
directly to you in the cockpit --
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坐在驾驶舱就可以一揽全局-
01:09
but without fundamentally addressing the problem from a different perspective,
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但不从其它视角来探索根本性问题的话
01:12
we realized that we were going to be getting
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我们得到的结果
01:14
the same result that people had been getting
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与近一百年来这些人的结果
01:16
for the last hundred years,
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将没什么两样
01:18
which isn't where we want to be right now.
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我们可不想这样
01:20
So instead of trying to make a car that can fly,
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于是我们觉得与其要汽车上天
01:24
we decided to try to make a plane that could drive.
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不如让飞机下地
01:27
And the result is the Terrafugia Transition.
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这就是Terrafugia陆空两用飞车
01:30
It's a two-seat, single-engine airplane
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它是一个两座、单引擎飞机
01:32
that works just like any other small airplane.
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就像其他小型飞机一样
01:34
You take off and land at a local airport.
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在机场起降
01:36
Then once you're on the ground,
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一旦着陆后
01:38
you fold up the wings, drive it home,
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就可以把机翅叠起来 开回家
01:40
park it in your garage.
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停在车库里
01:42
And it works.
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它非常好使!
01:44
After two years of an innovative design and construction process,
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经过两年的研发与制作
01:47
the proof of concept made its public debut
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终于在2008年
01:49
in 2008.
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面世了
01:51
Now like with anything
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就像所有
01:53
that's really different from the status quo,
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横空出世的东西一样
01:55
it didn't always go so well testing that aircraft.
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测试并不是一路顺风
01:58
And we discovered that it's a very good thing
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但是这也不完全是坏事
02:00
that, when you go home with something that's been broken,
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当你一直搞不定一个问题的时候
02:03
you've actually learned a lot more
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你会学到很多
02:05
than when you managed to tick off all of your test objectives
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比起一次就成功的
02:07
the first time through.
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会学会很多
02:09
Still, we very much wanted to see
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尽管如此
02:11
the aircraft that we'd all helped build
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我们一直期待
02:13
in the air, off the ground,
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它能按计划
02:15
like it was supposed to be.
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早日升空
02:17
And on our third high-speed testing deployment
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第三次高速试飞
02:19
on a bitter cold morning in upstate New York,
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是一个寒风刺骨的早晨在纽约州北部
02:21
we got to do that for the first time.
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那一次没有办法
02:24
The picture behind me was snapped by the copilot in our chase aircraft
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我身后的照片是僚机上的副驾驶捕捉到的镜头
02:27
just moments after the wheels got off the ground for the first time.
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就是飞机腾空而起后的瞬间
02:30
And we were all very flattered to see that image
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看到那一幕我们都无比兴奋
02:32
become a symbol of accomplishing something
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这象征着成就了一项
02:34
that people had thought was impossible
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世人以为不可能完成的
02:36
really the world over.
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任务
02:39
The flight testing that followed that
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后续的测试
02:41
was as basic and low-risk as we could make it,
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较之简单而安全
02:43
but it still accomplished what we needed to
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但要把项目向前推进
02:45
to take the program to the next step
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就必须完成这些
02:47
and to gain the credibility that we needed
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才能获得来自最终我们的市场-飞行界
02:49
within our eventual market, the general aviation community,
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和监管机构-特别是负责美国境内的
02:52
and with the regulators
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使用和设计
02:54
that govern the use of design of aircraft, particularly in the States.
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飞行器的机构的信任
02:57
The FAA, about a year ago,
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大约一年前 美国联邦航空总署
02:59
gave us an exemption for the Transition
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给了我们一个特许证
03:01
to allow us to have an additional 110 lbs.
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允许我们的飞车超重110磅
03:04
within the light sport aircraft category.
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仍可列在轻航机的种类下
03:06
Now that doesn't sound like a lot, but it's very important,
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这听起来没什么 但其实很重要
03:09
because being able to deliver the Transition as a light sport aircraft
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因为只要它符合轻航机的规定
03:12
makes it simpler for us to certify it,
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发放执照就容易些
03:14
but it also makes it much easier
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也更加方便学员
03:16
for you to learn how to fly it.
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掌握驾驶技术
03:18
A sport pilot can be certificated
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轻航机的驾驶执照
03:20
in as little as 20 hours of flight time.
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只需要20小时的飞行时数
03:22
And at 110 lbs.,
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而额外的110磅
03:24
that's very important for solving the other side of the equation --
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对我们解决另一个问题非常重要-
03:27
driving.
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驾驶
03:29
It turns out that driving,
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我们发现驾驶的
03:31
with its associated design implementation and regulatory hurdles,
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设计细则和规定
03:34
is actually a harder problem to solve than flying.
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比飞行还复杂
03:37
For those of us that spend most of our lives on the ground,
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这对我们一辈子生活在地上的人
03:39
this may be counter-intuitive,
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是有点异想天开,
03:41
but driving has potholes, cobblestones,
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开车会碰上坑洞,石子
03:44
pedestrians, other drivers
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行人,其它车辆
03:46
and a rather long and detailed list
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还有一大堆
03:48
of federal motor vehicle safety standards to contend with.
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政府对机动车辆安全的规定要遵守
03:51
Fortunately, necessity remains the mother of invention,
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所幸 需求是发明之母
03:54
and a lot of the design work
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许多应用在
03:56
that we're the most proud of with the aircraft
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飞机上的高明设计
03:58
came out of solving the unique problems
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正好能够解决
04:00
of operating it on the ground --
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陆地行驶的特定问题-
04:02
everything from a continuously-variable transmission
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数不胜数的例子 比如无段自动变速器
04:04
and liquid-based cooling system
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液态冷却系统
04:06
that allows us to use an aircraft engine
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能让飞机引擎在时走时停的路上
04:08
in stop-and-go traffic,
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应付自如
04:10
to a custom-designed gearbox
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还有专用定制变速箱
04:12
that powers either the propeller when you're flying or the wheels on the ground,
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对飞行所用的螺旋桨和驾驶所用的车轮能双管齐下
04:15
to the automated wing-folding mechanism that we'll see in a moment,
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还有稍后能看到的折叠式机翼
04:17
to crash safety features.
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和安全设计
04:19
We have a carbon fiber safety cage
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它有一个碳纤维安全机舱
04:21
that protects the occupants
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能确保乘客安全
04:23
for less than 10 percent of the weight of a traditional steel chassis in a car.
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而重量比传统钢材汽车要轻百分之十
04:27
Now this also, as good as it is, wasn't quite enough.
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这听上去不简单了 不过还不够好
04:30
The regulations for vehicles on the road
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陆地交通的相关规定
04:32
weren't written with an airplane in mind.
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从来没涉及到飞机上去
04:34
So we did need a little bit of support
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所以我们需要
04:36
from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
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美国国家公路交通安全管理局的协助
04:39
Now you may have seen in the news recently,
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最近的新闻也许能看到
04:41
they came through with us at the end of last month
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大概是上个月底
04:43
with a few special exemptions
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我们获得了几项豁免
04:45
that will allow the Transition to be sold
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陆空两用飞车可以在
04:47
in the same category as SUVs and light trucks.
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运动休旅车和小型货车的分类下上市销售
04:49
As a multi-purpose passenger vehicle,
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因为是多功能客运工具
04:51
it is now officially "designed for occasional off-road use."
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因此号称是“非常规越野用途的设计”
04:54
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:56
Now let's see it in action.
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现在让我们来看看实况
05:02
You can see there the wings folded up just along the side of the plane.
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它的机翼折起收在机身两侧
05:05
You're not powering the propeller, you're powering the wheels.
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引擎推动的不是螺旋桨而是车轮
05:14
And it is under seven feet tall,
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不到七尺高
05:16
so it will fit in a standard construction garage.
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这样就能开进标准车库
05:19
And that's the automated wing-folding mechanism.
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这是机翼自动收展装置
05:21
That's real time.
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这是实时的
05:23
You just push a few buttons in the cockpit, and the wings come out.
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只要按下驾驶员座舱边的几个按钮 机翼就展开来
05:26
Once they're fully deployed,
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全部展开后
05:28
there's a mechanical lock that goes into place,
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有一个机械锁定装置能将其固定
05:30
again, from inside the cockpit.
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这是在驾驶舱内操作的
05:32
And they're now fully capable of handling
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然后就可以象其它飞机一样
05:34
any of the loads you would see in flight --
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进行操作了-
05:36
just like putting down your convertible top.
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就像把敞篷车车顶放下来一样
05:41
And you're all thinking what your neighbors would think of seeing that.
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要是你们邻居看了不知道是什么反应呢
05:47
(Video) Test Pilot: Until the vehicle flies,
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(视频)试飞员:在没真正飞起来之前
05:49
75 percent of your risk is that first flight.
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首次试飞有75%的风险
05:56
Radio: It actually flew. Yes.
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无线电1:飞起来了!耶!
05:58
Radio 2: That was gorgeous.
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无线电2:太棒了!
06:00
Radio: What did you think of that?
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无线电:看起来怎么样?
06:02
That was beautiful from up here, I tell you.
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这里俯瞰太美了,我打包票。
06:07
AMD: See, we're all exceedingly excited about that little bunny hop.
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我们都为这个“超级跳”而兴奋得难以自已
06:10
And our test pilot gave us
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而我们的试飞员
06:12
the best feedback you can get from a test pilot after a first flight,
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给出了前所未有的对试飞的评价
06:15
which was that it was "remarkably unremarkable."
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他说是“非同寻常地毫无意外”
06:18
He would go onto tell us
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他又告诉我们
06:20
that the Transition had been the easiest airplane to land
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这个陆空两用飞车是他30年试飞生涯里
06:22
that he'd flown in his entire 30-year career as a test pilot.
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降落操作最容易的机种
06:33
So despite making something
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我们不仅仅想创造
06:35
that is seemingly revolutionary,
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革命性的产品
06:37
we really focused on doing
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更想尽可能得创造
06:39
as little new as possible.
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先进创新的东西
06:41
We leverage a lot of technology from the state-of-the-art in general aviation
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我们采用了大量的最尖端前沿的航空
06:44
and from automotive racing.
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和汽车竞技技术
06:46
When we do have to do something truly out-of-the-box,
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而真正突破的是
06:48
we use an incremental design, build, test, redesign cycle
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我们使用了递增式概念,设计,建造,测试,再设计的循环方法
06:51
that lets us reduce risk in baby steps.
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得以在起步就减少了风险
06:53
Now since we started Terrafugia about 6 years ago,
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我们是从六年前开始Terrafugia的设计
06:55
we've had a lot of those baby steps.
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就是这样一步一个脚印走来
06:57
We've gone from being three of us
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我们三个人
06:59
working in the basement at MIT while we were still in graduate school
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从还是研究生的时候就在麻省理工的地下室里钻研
07:02
to about two-dozen of us
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到现在有二十多人
07:04
working in an initial production facility outside of Boston.
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在波士顿郊区的一个工厂里进行开发
07:07
We've had to overcome challenges
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我们必须得克服各种挑战
07:09
like keeping the weight below the light sport limit that I talked about,
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比如我提到的轻航机的重量限制
07:11
figuring out how to politely respond
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还有怎样不失礼貌地回答
07:13
when a regulator tells you,
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监管单位的官员的问题
07:15
"But that won't fit through a toll booth with the wings extended --
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“可是要是机翼不收起来就过不来收费站啊”
07:18
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:21
to all of the other associated durability and engineering issues
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还有许多许多刚才提及的耐用性和
07:23
that we talked about on the ground.
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地面机械工程的问题
07:25
Still, if everything goes to our satisfaction
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只要目前我们正在做的
07:28
with the testing and construction
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两个生产机型的
07:30
of the two production prototypes
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测试和制造都
07:32
that we're working on right now,
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一切顺利的话
07:34
those first deliveries
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头一批
07:36
to the, about a hundred, people who have reserved an airplane at this point
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到目前为止大约一百台的订单
07:38
should begin at the end of next year.
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明年年底就能出货了
07:40
The Transition will cost in line with other small airplanes.
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这种陆空两用飞车和其它轻航机价格相差无已
07:43
And I'm certainly not out to replace your Chevy,
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当然我不是说要你换掉家里雪弗莱
07:46
but I do think that the Transition should be your next airplane.
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不过我认为它应该是你下一架飞机
07:49
Here's why.
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原因就是
07:51
While nearly all of the commercial air travel in the world
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目前全球的商用航线
07:54
goes through a relatively small number of large hub airports,
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都集中在少数几个大型航空港
07:57
there is a huge underutilized resource out there.
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很多资源没有被好好利用
08:00
There are thousands of local airstrips
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上千条地区性飞机跑道
08:02
that don't see nearly as many aircraft operations a day as they could.
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使用率非常低
08:05
On average, there's one within 20 to 30 miles
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在美国 平均方圆二十到三十公里
08:08
of wherever you are in the United States.
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就有一个
08:10
The Transition gives you
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这个陆空两用飞车
08:12
a safer, more convenient and more fun way
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能为你提供一个安全便捷和有趣的
08:15
of using this resource.
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途径来利用这些资源
08:18
For those of you who aren't yet pilots,
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对于还不懂飞行的人来说
08:20
there's four main reasons why those of us who are
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无非是四个原因让他们不能
08:22
don't fly as much as we'd like to:
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想飞就飞:
08:24
the weather, primarily,
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首先是天气
08:26
cost, long door-to-door travel time
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费用,及门旅运时间长
08:28
and mobility at your destination.
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还有达到目的地后交通问题
08:30
Now, bad weather comes in,
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那么现在碰上坏天气
08:32
just land, fold up the wings, drive home.
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降落 收起机翼直接开回家
08:35
Doesn't matter if it rains a little, you have a windshield wiper.
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下点雨也不是问题,反正有雨刷
08:38
Instead of paying to keep your airplane in a hanger,
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也不同花钱租停机坪
08:40
park it in your garage.
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停在自己车库就是
08:42
And the unleaded automotive fuel that we use
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我们用的油就是一般的无铅汽油
08:44
is both cheaper and better for the environment
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比起航空用油
08:46
than traditional avgas.
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便宜又环保
08:48
Door-to-door travel time is reduced,
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及门旅运时间也减少了
08:51
because now, instead of lugging bags, finding a parking space,
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因为不用装行李,找停泊位
08:54
taking off your shoes or pulling your airplane out of the hanger,
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脱鞋检查,把飞机从停机坪开出来
08:57
you're now just spending that time getting to where you want to go.
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那么一大阵功夫你就能开到目的地了
09:00
And mobility to your destination is clearly solved.
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而目的地交通问题也解决了
09:03
Just fold up the wings and keep going.
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只要收起机翼继续开就好了
09:05
The Transition simultaneously expands our horizons
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这个陆空两用飞车拓展了我们的视野
09:08
while making the world a smaller, more accessible place.
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让世界更小更触手可及
09:11
It also continues to be a fabulous adventure.
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也让生活充满探险
09:14
I hope you'll each take a moment
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希望你们每个人利用一点时间
09:16
to think about how you could use something like this
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想一下你能怎样利用它
09:19
to give yourself more access to your own world,
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让你自己拥抱更广阔的世界
09:21
and to make your own travel more convenient and more fun.
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让每一次旅行都便捷而愉快
09:24
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to share it with you.
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感谢大家让我能由此机会与你分享!
09:27
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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