Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web

155,796 views ・ 2014-08-18

TED


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翻译人员: chunhua zhang 校对人员: Justine Bai
00:12
TED is 30.
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TED三十岁了
00:14
The world wide web is celebrating this month
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这个月万维网也将庆祝
00:17
its 25th anniversary.
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它的25岁生日
00:19
So I've got a question for you.
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因此我要问你们一个问题
00:22
Let's talk about the journey, mainly about the future.
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我们来谈谈这段旅程 主要关于未来的
00:26
Let's talk about the state.
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来谈谈这个国家
00:28
Let's talk about what sort of a web we want.
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来谈谈哪种互联网是我们想要的
00:30
So 25 years ago, then, I was working at CERN.
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25年前 我还在欧洲核子研究中心工作
00:34
I got permission in the end after about a year
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一年后我终于得到了许可
00:36
to basically do it as a side project.
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将它主要地当作一个编外项目来做
00:39
I wrote the code.
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我写下了代码
00:40
I was I suppose the first user.
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我想我应该是第一个用户
00:43
There was a lot of concern
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当时很担心
00:45
that people didn't want to pick it up
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因为它太过复杂
00:47
because it would be too complicated.
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别们也许不愿意将它继续下去
00:49
A lot of persuasion, a lot of wonderful
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通过大量劝说
00:50
collaboration with other people,
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与他人通力合作
00:52
and bit by bit, it worked.
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逐渐 它走上正轨
00:54
It took off. It was pretty cool.
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它正式上线 真是太酷了
00:56
And in fact, a few years later in 2000,
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事实上 几年之后的2000年
00:59
five percent of the world population
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全世界人口中的5%
01:03
were using the world wide web.
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都在使用万维网
01:05
In 2007, seven years later, 17 percent.
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又过了7年 到2007年 上升到了17%
01:08
In 2008, we formed the World Wide Web Foundation
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2008年 我们建立了万维网基金会
01:11
partly to look at that
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部分原因是考虑到这一点
01:13
and worry about that figure.
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还有就是担心这个数字
01:16
And now here we are in 2014,
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现在我们步入2014年
01:18
and 40 percent of the world
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全世界人口中的40%
01:20
are using the world wide web, and counting.
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都在使用万维网
01:24
Obviously it's increasing.
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显然这个数字仍在增长
01:26
I want you to think about both sides of that.
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我希望你们从两方面考虑一下这件事
01:29
Okay, obviously to anybody here at TED,
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显然 对于现场观众来说
01:32
the first question you ask is, what can we do
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要问的第一个问题就是 我们要怎样做
01:35
to get the other 60 percent on board
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才能尽可能快的
01:37
as quickly as possible?
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让剩下的60%也加入到万维网?
01:38
Lots of important things. Obviously it's going to be around mobile.
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要依靠很多设备 显然需要移动设备
01:40
But also, I want you to think about the 40 percent,
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但我希望你们也想一下那40%的人
01:42
because if you're sitting there yourself
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因为如果你自己
01:44
sort of with a web-enabled life,
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生活在一个能够轻易上网的环境中
01:47
you don't remember things anymore,
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你不再需要记忆什么东西
01:48
you just look them up,
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只要上上网就能查到想要的
01:50
then you may feel that it's been a success
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你可能会觉得这是一个成功
01:54
and we can all sit back.
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然后我们就可以悠闲地生活
01:56
But in fact, yeah, it's been a success,
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但事实上 的确 这是一个成功
01:59
there's lots of things, Khan Academy
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互联网上有很多东西 有可汗学院
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for crying out loud, there's Wikipedia,
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还有维基百科
02:03
there's a huge number of free e-books
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这里有大量的免费电子书
02:05
that you can read online,
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可供你在线阅读
02:06
lots of wonderful things for education,
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这里有大量关于教育的东西
02:08
things in many areas.
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有各个领域的东西
02:10
Online commerce has in some cases
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电子商务在某些情况下
02:12
completely turned upside down the way commerce works altogether,
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彻底颠覆了整个商业活动的运作方式
02:15
made types of commerce available
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使得各种之前不可行的商业类型
02:17
which weren't available at all before.
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变得可行
02:19
Commerce has been almost universally affected.
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商业几乎全都受到了影响
02:22
Government, not universally affected,
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政府 没有全受到影响
02:24
but very affected, and on a good day,
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但也受到很大影响 然后某一天
02:27
lots of open data, lots of e-government,
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会出现大量开放数据 和网上政府
02:30
so lots of things which are visible
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很多事在网络上
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happening on the web.
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都是显而易见的
02:34
Also, lots of things which are less visible.
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同样 也有很多事情不那么明显
02:36
The healthcare, late at night when they're worried
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比如 医疗方面的信息 人们在夜里
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about what sort of cancer
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为他们所关心的人可能会患有
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somebody they care about might have,
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哪种癌症而忧心忡忡
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when they just talk across the Internet to somebody
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或人们通过互联网
与身处异国的亲友聊天
02:47
who they care about very much in another country.
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02:52
Those sorts of things are not, they're not out there,
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这些信息不需要被别人看到
02:56
and in fact they've acquired a certain amount of privacy.
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事实上他们需要一定的隐私
02:59
So we cannot assume that part of the web,
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因此我们不能假设互联网的一部分
03:02
part of the deal with the web,
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互联网使用过程中的一部分
03:03
is when I use the web,
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就是当我使用网络时的
03:05
it's just a transparent, neutral medium.
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它仅仅是一个透明的 中性的介质
03:08
I can talk to you over it without worrying
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我可以通过它与你交谈 不用担心
03:10
about what we in fact now know is happening,
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那些实际上我们知道正在发生的事
03:13
without worrying about the fact
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不用去担心
03:16
that not only will surveillance be happening
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自己不仅会受到监控
03:18
but it'll be done by people who may abuse the data.
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还会受到一些可能滥用数据的人监控
03:21
So in fact, something we realized,
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所以实际上 我们意识到了一些事
03:22
we can't just use the web,
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我们并不只是使用互联网
03:23
we have to worry about
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还不得不担心
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what the underlying infrastructure of the whole thing,
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整个的底层基础结构
03:29
is it in fact of a quality that we need?
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实际上达到我们所需的质量了吗?
03:33
We revel in the fact that we have this wonderful free speech.
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我们得意于我们拥有这种极好的言论自由
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We can tweet, and oh, lots and lots of people
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我们可以发微博 很多人
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can see our tweets, except when they can't,
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可以看到我们发的内容 除非他上不了
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except when actually Twitter is blocked from their country,
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除非他们国家屏蔽了推特
03:47
or in some way the way we try to express ourselves
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某种程度上 我们在试图表达自己的过程中
03:50
has put some information about the state of ourselves,
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加入了一些关于自己状态
03:53
the state of the country we live in,
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关于我们生活的国家的状态的信息
03:55
which isn't available to anybody else.
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而这些信息不能给别人看
03:57
So we must protest and make sure
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因此我们必须抗议并确保
04:00
that censorship is cut down,
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审查制度被废除
04:02
that the web is opened up
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要让存在审查制度
04:04
where there is censorship.
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地方的网络保持开放
04:06
We love the fact that the web is open.
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我们热爱互联网是开放的这一事实
04:09
It allows us to talk. Anybody can talk to anybody.
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它让我们交谈 任何一个人都能与他人交谈
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It doesn't matter who we are.
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不管我们是谁都无所谓
04:13
And then we join these big
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然后我们加入那些
04:14
social networking companies
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飞速成立的
04:17
which are in fact effectively built as silos,
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大型社交网络公司
04:20
so that it's much easier to talk to somebody
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这使得跟同一社交网络中的人交谈
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in the same social network
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比跟不同社交网络中的人交谈
04:24
than it is to talk to somebody in a different one,
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要容易很多
04:26
so in fact we're sometimes limiting ourselves.
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所以事实上 我们有时会限制住自己
04:31
And we also have, if you've read the book about the filter bubble,
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而且 如果你读过关于“过滤泡沫”的书
04:34
the filter bubble phenomenon is that
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过滤泡沫现象就是
04:36
we love to use machines
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我们爱借助机器
04:37
which help us find stuff we like.
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帮自己找到喜欢的东西
04:40
So we love it when we're bathed in
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因此 我们爱沉浸在
04:42
what things we like to click on,
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自己点击进去的内容里
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and so the machine automatically feeds us
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机器自动为我们提供
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the stuff that we like and we end up
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我们喜欢的东西 然后我们
04:47
with this rose-colored spectacles view of the world
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最后会觉得这个世界十分美好
04:52
called a filter bubble.
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这就叫做过滤泡沫
04:54
So here are some of the things which maybe
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这里存在一些可能威胁到
04:56
threaten the social web we have.
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我们现有的社交网络的东西
04:59
What sort of web do you want?
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哪种的互联网是你想要的?
05:01
I want one which is not fragmented into lots of pieces,
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我希望互联网不会分裂成很多碎片
05:04
as some countries have been suggesting
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就像一些国家一直暗示
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they should do in reaction to recent surveillance.
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他们应该对最近的监控事件做出反应
05:09
I want a web which has got, for example,
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我希望互联网拥有 比如说
05:13
is a really good basis for democracy.
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一个良好的民主的基础
05:16
I want a web where I can use healthcare
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我希望能在互联网上
05:21
with privacy and where there's a lot
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接受隐私有保障的医疗服务
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of health data, clinical data is available
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网上有许多健康数据 临床数据
05:25
to scientists to do research.
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可供科学家做研究
05:27
I want a web where the other 60 percent
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我希望另外60%的人
05:30
get on board as fast as possible.
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也能尽快加入互联网
05:33
I want a web which is such a powerful basis for innovation
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我想要的互联网创新强有力的基础
05:37
that when something nasty happens,
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当一些不好的事情发生时
05:39
some disaster strikes, that we can respond
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当灾难垄来时 我们可以
05:41
by building stuff to respond to it very quickly.
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迅速应对
05:45
So this is just some of the things that I want,
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以上只是我所愿望清单的一部分
05:48
from a big list, obviously it's longer.
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很明显这份清单很长
05:50
You have your list.
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你们也有自己的清单
05:51
I want us to use this 25th anniversary
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我希望我们利用这个25周年纪念
05:54
to think about what sort of a web we want.
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去思考一下我们想要什么样的网络
05:57
You can go to webat25.org
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你可以登陆webat25.org
05:59
and find some links.
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找到一些链接
06:00
There are lots of sites where people
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很多网站上
06:01
have started to put together a Magna Carta,
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人们已经开始起草一部大宪章
06:04
a bill of rights for the web.
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一部关于互联网权益的法案
06:05
How about we do that?
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我们要怎么做?
06:07
How about we decide, these are, in a way,
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我们如何决策 这些 在某种程度上
06:11
becoming fundamental rights, the right to communicate with whom I want.
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会成为基本权利 与我想要交流的人去交流的权利
06:15
What would be on your list for that Magna Carta?
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你想要在这样一部大宪章中加入哪些条目呢?
06:17
Let's crowdsource a Magna Carta
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让我们共同完成一部
06:20
for the web.
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互联网大宪章
06:22
Let's do that this year.
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让我们今年就开始做
06:24
Let's use the energy from the 25th anniversary
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让我们借25周年纪念的能量
06:27
to crowdsource a Magna Carta
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将大宪章众包
06:30
to the web. (Applause)
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给互联网(掌声)
06:31
Thank you. And do me a favor, will you?
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谢谢 请帮我一个忙 可以吗?
06:36
Fight for it for me. Okay? Thanks.
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请为我而战 好吗?谢谢
06:38
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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