Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web

155,770 views ・ 2014-08-18

TED


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譯者: Shiwen He 審譯者: Yongming Luo
00:12
TED is 30.
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TED 三十歲了。
00:14
The world wide web is celebrating this month
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全球資訊網這個月將迎來
00:17
its 25th anniversary.
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它第二十五個週年紀念。
00:19
So I've got a question for you.
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所以我有個問題給你們。
00:22
Let's talk about the journey, mainly about the future.
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讓我們談談這段旅程, 主要是關於未來的。
00:26
Let's talk about the state.
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讓我們談談
00:28
Let's talk about what sort of a web we want.
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讓我們談談 我們想要怎樣的網路。
00:30
So 25 years ago, then, I was working at CERN.
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二十五年前,那時我在 歐洲核子研究組織工作。
00:34
I got permission in the end after about a year
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大約一年之後我被允許
00:36
to basically do it as a side project.
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做這個編外的項目。
00:39
I wrote the code.
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我撰寫了代碼。
00:40
I was I suppose the first user.
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我想自己是第一個用戶。
00:43
There was a lot of concern
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當時很擔心
00:45
that people didn't want to pick it up
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人們不想用它,
00:47
because it would be too complicated.
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因為太過複雜。
00:49
A lot of persuasion, a lot of wonderful
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我不斷地說服別人,
00:50
collaboration with other people,
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和別人進行精彩的合作,
00:52
and bit by bit, it worked.
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一點一點地就成功了。
00:54
It took off. It was pretty cool.
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項目成功了。這事超酷的。
00:56
And in fact, a few years later in 2000,
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事實上,多年之後 在 2000 年,
00:59
five percent of the world population
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世界上百分之五的人
01:03
were using the world wide web.
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在使用全球資訊網。
01:05
In 2007, seven years later, 17 percent.
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七年之後的 2007 年, 有 17% 的人使用,
01:08
In 2008, we formed the World Wide Web Foundation
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2008 年,我們成立了 全球資訊網基金會,
01:11
partly to look at that
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一部份原因是為了關注
01:13
and worry about that figure.
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和擔憂那個數字。
01:16
And now here we are in 2014,
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現在到了 2014 年,
01:18
and 40 percent of the world
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世界上 40% 的人
01:20
are using the world wide web, and counting.
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都在使用全球資訊網,數著數著,
01:24
Obviously it's increasing.
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這個數字明顯地增長中。
01:26
I want you to think about both sides of that.
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我想讓你們想想 這事的兩面性。
01:29
Okay, obviously to anybody here at TED,
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好吧,顯然對 TED 的各位來說,
01:32
the first question you ask is, what can we do
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第一個問題是, 我們可以如何
01:35
to get the other 60 percent on board
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讓剩下的 60% 也加入進來?
01:37
as quickly as possible?
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越快越好?
01:38
Lots of important things. Obviously it's going to be around mobile.
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很多重要的事情。 顯然這要靠行動電話。
01:40
But also, I want you to think about the 40 percent,
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不過,我也想讓 你們能想想這 40%,
01:42
because if you're sitting there yourself
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因為如果你正過著一種
01:44
sort of with a web-enabled life,
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網路化的生活,
01:47
you don't remember things anymore,
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你就不用記事了,
01:48
you just look them up,
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你只要查找它們就行,
01:50
then you may feel that it's been a success
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你可能會感到 這是個成功,
01:54
and we can all sit back.
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我們都可以省力了。
01:56
But in fact, yeah, it's been a success,
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然而事實上, 對,這是個成功,
01:59
there's lots of things, Khan Academy
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有許多事, 可汗學院啦,
02:01
for crying out loud, there's Wikipedia,
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天哪,還有維基百科,
02:03
there's a huge number of free e-books
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有大量免費的電子書籍,
02:05
that you can read online,
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你可以上網閱讀,
02:06
lots of wonderful things for education,
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很多精彩的教育資源,
02:08
things in many areas.
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好多領域的事。
02:10
Online commerce has in some cases
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電子商務 從某種程度上說,
02:12
completely turned upside down the way commerce works altogether,
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完全顛覆了 商業運行的方式。
02:15
made types of commerce available
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讓各種過去 完全不可能實現的
02:17
which weren't available at all before.
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商業變得可行。
02:19
Commerce has been almost universally affected.
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商業幾乎被全方位影響了。
02:22
Government, not universally affected,
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政府沒有被全面影響,
02:24
but very affected, and on a good day,
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卻也受了不小影響,好處是
02:27
lots of open data, lots of e-government,
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多了大量開源數據, 許多電子政府,
02:30
so lots of things which are visible
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所以在網上出現了
02:32
happening on the web.
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很多看得見的事。
02:34
Also, lots of things which are less visible.
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還有很多事情 沒有那麼清楚。
02:36
The healthcare, late at night when they're worried
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像是醫療保健, 深夜時分,當他們擔心
02:38
about what sort of cancer
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自己關心的人
02:40
somebody they care about might have,
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可能患了哪種癌症,
02:42
when they just talk across the Internet to somebody
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當他們通過網際網路
02:47
who they care about very much in another country.
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與身處另一個國家 的親友交談。
02:52
Those sorts of things are not, they're not out there,
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這些事情並不包含其中,
02:56
and in fact they've acquired a certain amount of privacy.
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事實上這些事需要 一定程度的隱私。
02:59
So we cannot assume that part of the web,
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所以我們不能假設 認為這部份的網路,
03:02
part of the deal with the web,
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這部份網路的使用,
03:03
is when I use the web,
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當我用網路的時候,
03:05
it's just a transparent, neutral medium.
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這僅僅是一個 透明的、中立的媒介。
03:08
I can talk to you over it without worrying
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我可以和你們聊天, 不用去擔心
03:10
about what we in fact now know is happening,
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我們事實上知道的 正在發生的事情。
03:13
without worrying about the fact
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不去擔心實際上
03:16
that not only will surveillance be happening
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不僅僅會有網路監控,
03:18
but it'll be done by people who may abuse the data.
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還會有濫用數據的人。
03:21
So in fact, something we realized,
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所以事實上, 我們意識到有些事情
03:22
we can't just use the web,
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我們不能只使用網路,
03:23
we have to worry about
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我們必須擔心
03:25
what the underlying infrastructure of the whole thing,
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整個事件下面的結構,
03:29
is it in fact of a quality that we need?
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這是否確實是 我們需要的水準?
03:33
We revel in the fact that we have this wonderful free speech.
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我們欣喜與 擁有美好的自由言論。
03:38
We can tweet, and oh, lots and lots of people
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我們能夠寫推特, 許多許多人
03:41
can see our tweets, except when they can't,
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可以看見我們的推文, 除非他們無法做到,
03:44
except when actually Twitter is blocked from their country,
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除非推特被 他們的國家禁止了,
03:47
or in some way the way we try to express ourselves
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或者我們表達自我的方式
03:50
has put some information about the state of ourselves,
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洩露了我們的狀態資訊,
03:53
the state of the country we live in,
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我們生活的國家的狀態,
03:55
which isn't available to anybody else.
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這些資訊不被 任何其它的人所獲取。
03:57
So we must protest and make sure
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所以我們必須抗議,並確保
04:00
that censorship is cut down,
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媒體審查制度被廢除,
04:02
that the web is opened up
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讓存在審查制度的地方
04:04
where there is censorship.
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的網路被公開。
04:06
We love the fact that the web is open.
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我們熱愛網路公開。
04:09
It allows us to talk. Anybody can talk to anybody.
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那能讓我們交談。 任何人都能和任何人交談。
04:11
It doesn't matter who we are.
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不管彼此是誰。
04:13
And then we join these big
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接著我們加入到 那些大型的
04:14
social networking companies
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社交網路公司中,
04:17
which are in fact effectively built as silos,
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這些公司的實際上 被建成倉儲式。
04:20
so that it's much easier to talk to somebody
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因此和同一個 社交網路裡的人交談,
04:22
in the same social network
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相對於和不同網路的人交談,
04:24
than it is to talk to somebody in a different one,
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前者要容易得多。
04:26
so in fact we're sometimes limiting ourselves.
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所以說,實際上 我們有時候限制了我們自己。
04:31
And we also have, if you've read the book about the filter bubble,
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還有一點,如果你看過 有關「過濾氣泡」的書籍,
04:34
the filter bubble phenomenon is that
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濾泡現象指的是:
04:36
we love to use machines
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我們喜歡使用機器
04:37
which help us find stuff we like.
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來幫助我們找到所愛之物。
04:40
So we love it when we're bathed in
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所以當我們泡在 自己點擊出的事物裡時,
04:42
what things we like to click on,
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我們樂在其中,
04:44
and so the machine automatically feeds us
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然後機器自動給我們送上
04:46
the stuff that we like and we end up
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我們喜愛的東西,最後我們
04:47
with this rose-colored spectacles view of the world
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透過玫瑰色的眼鏡 來看這個世界。
04:52
called a filter bubble.
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這就叫做一個濾泡。
04:54
So here are some of the things which maybe
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所以這有一些東西也許會
04:56
threaten the social web we have.
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威脅到我們所有的社交網路。
04:59
What sort of web do you want?
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你想要什麼樣的網路?
05:01
I want one which is not fragmented into lots of pieces,
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我想要一個沒有分裂成 無數碎片的網路,
05:04
as some countries have been suggesting
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就像有些國家 一直在建議,
05:06
they should do in reaction to recent surveillance.
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要對網路監視 做出應激反應。
05:09
I want a web which has got, for example,
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我想要一個網路, 舉例來說,
05:13
is a really good basis for democracy.
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一個真正有良好的 民主基礎的網路。
05:16
I want a web where I can use healthcare
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我想要一個網路, 我可以用於
05:21
with privacy and where there's a lot
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有隱私的醫療,並且有
05:22
of health data, clinical data is available
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很多醫療數據,診所數據
05:25
to scientists to do research.
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可供科學家做研究。
05:27
I want a web where the other 60 percent
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我想要一個網路 讓其它的 60% 人口
05:30
get on board as fast as possible.
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也儘快地參與進來。
05:33
I want a web which is such a powerful basis for innovation
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我想要一個網路, 是創新的有力基礎,
05:37
that when something nasty happens,
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當糟糕的事情發生時,
05:39
some disaster strikes, that we can respond
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一些災難來臨時, 我們能夠非常快地
05:41
by building stuff to respond to it very quickly.
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造出東西,做出反應,
05:45
So this is just some of the things that I want,
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所以,這些只是 我想要的一些東西,
05:48
from a big list, obviously it's longer.
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我這份清單很大, 顯然要更長些。
05:50
You have your list.
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你有自己的清單。
05:51
I want us to use this 25th anniversary
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我想我們來 利用二十五週年
05:54
to think about what sort of a web we want.
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來思考我們想要 什麼樣的網路。
05:57
You can go to webat25.org
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你可以登陸 webat25.org
05:59
and find some links.
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找到一些鏈接。
06:00
There are lots of sites where people
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在很多網站上,人們
06:01
have started to put together a Magna Carta,
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已經開始撰寫 一份大憲章,
06:04
a bill of rights for the web.
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一份網路權利公約。
06:05
How about we do that?
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我們一起來做好嗎?
06:07
How about we decide, these are, in a way,
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讓我們來決定, 從某方面來說,
06:11
becoming fundamental rights, the right to communicate with whom I want.
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這些正在成為基本權利, 選擇我想和誰交流的權利。
06:15
What would be on your list for that Magna Carta?
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在這份大憲章上, 你想列出怎樣的清單?
06:17
Let's crowdsource a Magna Carta
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讓我們眾包出一份
06:20
for the web.
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網路大憲章。
06:22
Let's do that this year.
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讓我們在今年就做。
06:24
Let's use the energy from the 25th anniversary
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讓我們利用 二十五週年慶的能量
06:27
to crowdsource a Magna Carta
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眾包出一份
06:30
to the web. (Applause)
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網路大憲章。 (掌聲)
06:31
Thank you. And do me a favor, will you?
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謝謝你們。 幫助我吧,可以嗎?
06:36
Fight for it for me. Okay? Thanks.
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為我而戰。 好嗎?謝謝。
06:38
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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