Thomas Heatherwick: Building the Seed Cathedral

翻译人员: Bear Jin 校对人员: Jiwei Qu

Hello, my name is Thomas Heatherwick.

大家好，我叫托马斯·赫斯维克

I have a studio in London

我在伦敦有一间工作室

that has a particular approach

专门用来

to designing buildings.

设计建筑

When I was growing up,

在我成长的过程中

I was exposed to making

我接触过制造业

and crafts and materials

手工业和材料业

and invention on a small scale.

和小型的发明

And I was there looking

当我望向

at the larger scale of buildings

那些大型的建筑

and finding

发现

that the buildings that were around me

那些我们周围大型的建筑

and that were being designed

那些设计的建筑

and that were there in the publications I was seeing

还有那些出版物上的建筑设计

felt soulless and cold.

是那么无神和冷酷

And there on the smaller scale,

在那些小件的物品

the scale of an earring

像耳环

or a ceramic pot

陶罐

or a musical instrument,

或是乐器

was a materiality and a soulfulness.

都是实质化而且有神韵的

And this influenced me.

这深深影响了我

The first building I built was 20 years ago.

20年前我建造了第一座建筑

And since, in the last 20 years,

自从那时，在最近的20年里

I've developed a studio in London.

我在伦敦设立了一个工作室

Sorry, this was my mother, by the way,

对不起，顺便说一下，这是我的母亲

in her bead shop in London.

在她伦敦的珠宝店

I spent a lot of time counting beads and things like that.

我花了很多时间在数珍珠和相似的事情上

I'm just going to show, for people who don't know my studio's work,

我现在要展示给那些不了解我工作室的人

a few projects that we've worked on.

一些我们做过的项目

This is a hospital building.

这是一栋医院

This is a shop for a bag company.

这是一间卖包的店

This is studios for artists.

这是艺术家的工作室

This is a sculpture

这是一座用

made from a million yards of wire

一百万码金属线

and 150,000 glass beads

和15万颗高尔夫球大小

the size of a golf ball.

的玻璃珠做成的雕像

And this is a window display.

而这是橱窗展示

And this is pair of cooling towers

这是位于伦敦圣保罗大教堂

for an electricity substation

附近的变电所的

next to St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

一对冷凝塔

And this is a temple in Japan

这是一座日本的

for a Buddhist monk.

佛教寺庙

And this is a cafe by the sea

这是英国靠海的

in Britain.

一座咖啡馆

And just very quickly,

大致的提一下

something we've been working on very recently

一些我们最近接受的工作

is we were commissioned by the mayor of London

是受命于伦敦市长

to design a new bus

来设计一款

that gave the passenger

能让乘客重获

their freedom again.

自由上下的公交车

Because the original Routemaster bus

因为原本的双层巴士

that some of you may be familiar with,

你们有些可能会熟悉

which had this open platform at the back --

是在后方有个开放式站台的--

in fact, I think all our Routemasters

实际上，我觉得我们所有的双层巴士

are here in California now actually.

现在都在加利福尼亚了

But they aren't in London.

而不是在伦敦

And so you're stuck on a bus.

那当你困在车里

And if the bus is going to stop

如果汽车将要停靠

and it's three yards away from the bus stop,

但是离站点还有三码距离的话

you're just a prisoner.

你就像个囚犯一般

But the mayor of London wanted to reintroduce

但是伦敦市长想重新引进

buses with this open platform.

这种有开放式站台的公车

So we've been working with Transport for London,

我们已经和伦敦交通局进行了合作

and that organization

这个部门

hasn't actually been responsible

已经有50年

as a client for a new bus

没有采购过新型的

for 50 years.

公交汽车了

And so we've been very lucky to have a chance to work.

所以我们十分幸运有这次合作的机会

The brief is that the bus should use 40 percent less energy.

简单的讲公车需要减少40%的能量消耗

So it's got hybrid drive.

所以要采用混合型系统

And we've been working

我们正在研发

to try to improve

试着改进

everything from the fabric

所有的方面从结构

to the format

到设计

and structure

建造

and aesthetics.

美学

I was going to show four main projects.

我将展示四个主要项目

And this is a project for a bridge.

这是一个桥梁的项目

And so we were commissioned to design a bridge that would open.

我们被委托设计一座能开合的大桥

And openings seemed --

这种开合型的似乎--

everyone loves opening bridges,

每个人都喜欢开合型的桥

but it's quite a basic thing.

但是有件事是很基本的

I think we all kind of stand and watch.

我觉得我们都曾站在一旁观看过

But the bridges that we saw

但是我们看到的桥

that opened and closed --

一开一合--

I'm slightly squeamish --

我是有点反感的--

but I once saw a photograph of a footballer

自从我看过那张铲球的足球运动员

who was diving for a ball.

的照片

And as he was diving, someone had stamped on his knee,

当他在铲球的，另外一个人踩在了他的膝盖上面

and it had broken like this.

接着他的腿就像这样断了

And then we looked at these kinds of bridges

然后当我们看这些桥的时候

and just couldn't help feeling

就不经意间觉得

that it was a beautiful thing that had broken.

这美丽的建筑就这样毁了

And so this is in Paddington in London.

这是在伦敦帕丁顿

And it's a very boring bridge, as you can see.

正如你看到的，这是一座很平常无趣的桥

It's just steel and timber.

只用了钢筋和木材

But instead of what it is,

但是不去看他的材料

our focus was on the way it worked.

我们更关注于它如何运作

(Applause)

（掌声）

So we liked the idea that the two farthest bits of it

我们喜欢这种桥两端最终

would end up kissing each other.

互相吻合在一起的构想

(Applause)

（掌声）

We actually had to halve its speed,

实际上我们不得不把速度减半

because everyone was too scared when we first did it.

因为我们第一次做的时候每个人都吓坏了

So that's it speeded up.

这是当它加速的情况

A project that we've been working on very recently

近期我们着手的一个项目

is to design a new biomass power station --

是设计一座生物化学能发电站--

so a power station that uses organic waste material.

那种用有机废料的发电站

In the news,

在新闻界中

the subject of where our future water is going to come from

我们未来水的来源和能源

and where our power is going to come from

的来源相关的主题

is in all the papers all the time.

一直占据了所有的版面

And we used to be quite proud of the way we generated power.

同时我们曾经对我们发电的方式表示自豪

But recently,

但是近期

any annual report of a power company

任何电力公司的年报

doesn't have a power station on it.

都不会把发电站印在上面

It has a child running through a field, or something like that.

它们都印孩子跑过田野，或者类似的东西（TBR）

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And so when a consortium of engineers approached us

所以当一个工程师联盟找到我们

and asked us to work with them on this power station,

并询问我们和他们一起合作发电站项目

our condition was that we would work with them

我们的条件是我们能和他们合作

and that, whatever we did,

还有，无论我们做什么

we were not just going to decorate a normal power station.

我们不仅仅是在装修一座普通的发电站

And instead, we had to learn -- we kind of forced them to teach us.

反而，我们需要学习--我们是逼迫他们教我们

And so we spent time traveling with them

我们花时间和他们到处考察

and learning about all the different elements,

学习所有不同的设备

and finding that there were plenty of inefficiencies

并发现了有很多没有益处的

that weren't being capitalized on.

低效率的设备

That just taking a field and banging all these things out

那种找块地然后把所有设备组装在一起

isn't necessarily the most efficient way that they could work.

不是让它运作的最有效的方式

So we looked at how we could compose all those elements --

所以我们在寻找该如何组装所有的设备--

instead of just litter, create one composition.

而不只是胡乱的组装成型

And what we found --

我们还发现--

this area is one of the poorest parts of Britain.

这块地区是英国最贫穷的地区之一

It was voted the worst place in Britain to live.

这曾被票选为英国最不适合生活的地方

And there are 2,000 new homes being built

未来将有2000户新房会建造在

next to this power station.

这发电站旁

So it felt this has a social dimension.

它引起来社会层面上的问题

It has a symbolic importance.

它拥有着象征性的意义

And we should be proud of where our power is coming from,

我们应为我们能源的来源感到自豪

rather than something we are necessarily ashamed of.

而不是感到羞愧

So we were looking at how we could make a power station,

我们正在寻找我们如何才能建造发电站

that, instead of keeping people out

而且，不是那种外围有很大的围栏

and having a big fence around the outside,

把人们排斥在外的

could be a place that pulls you in.

而是一个能吸引你的地方

And it has to be --

它要--

I'm trying to get my --

让我想想--

250 feet high.

200尺高

So it felt that what we could try to do

它就感觉好像我们在做的

is make a power park

是一个电力公园

and actually bring the whole area in,

并把整个地区都包括进去

and using the spare soil that's there on the site,

而且利用地区周边空余的土地

we could make a power station that was silent as well.

我们能建造出一个安静的发电站

Because just that soil

因为土壤

could make the acoustic difference.

可以产生声波差

And we also found that we could make a more efficient structure

同时我们也发现我们可以用一种更高效的建筑

and have a cost-effective way

和一种划算的方式

of making a structure to do this.

来建造这种建筑

The finished project

项目最终

is meant to be more than just a power station.

不仅仅只是一个发电站而已

It has a space where you could have a bar mitzvah at the top.

它成了一个你甚至可以在顶部开成人礼酒会的地方

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And it's a power park.

这是一个电力公园

So people can come and really experience this

人们可以切身的感受到

and also look out all around the area,

还能眺望四周的景观

and use that height that we have to have for its function.

并利用我们设计的高度

In Shanghai,

在上海

we were invited to build --

我们被邀请建造--

well we weren't invited; what am I talking about.

其实我们不是被邀请的；看我在说什么呢

We won the competition, and it was painful to get there.

我们是赢得了比赛，这是一个艰辛的胜利

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So we won the competition to build the U.K. pavilion.

我们赢得了建造英国馆的比赛

And an expo

世博会

is a totally bonkers thing.

完全就是件疯狂的事

There's 250 pavilions.

有250个场馆

It's the world's biggest ever expo that had ever happened.

世上未曾有过的最大的世博会

So there are up to a million people there everyday.

每天都有上百万的人参观

And 250 countries all competing.

有250个国家在竞争

And the British government saying,

而英国政府说

"You need to be in the top five."

“你要进前五”

And so that became

这就成了

the governmental goal --

政府的目标--

is, how do you stand out in this chaos,

就是，你如何在这混乱中脱颖而出

which is an expo of stimulus?

在竞争如此刺激的世博会中？

So our sense was we had to do one thing,

我们觉得我们要做一件事

and only one thing,

只要一件事

instead of trying to have everything.

而不是试着做每件事

And so what we also felt

我们还觉得

was that whatever we did we couldn't do a cheesy advert for Britain.

无论我们做什么我们也不能用廉价的方式展示英国

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But the thing that was true,

但是有件事是真实的

the expo was about the future of cities,

世博会是关于未来的城市

and particularly the Victorians

特别是维多利亚时代的

pioneered integrating nature into the cities.

那些把自然融入城市的先驱

And the world's first public park of modern times

世上现代社会中第一个大众开放的公园

was in Britain.

是在英国

And the world's first major botanical institution

同时世上第一座大型植物机构

is in London,

是在伦敦

and they have this extraordinary project

它们有这一个特殊项目

where they've been collecting 25 percent

收集了地球上25%

of all the world's plant species.

的植物

So we suddenly realized that there was this thing.

我们突然间意识到这是件重要的事

And everyone agrees that trees are beautiful,

每个人都觉得树是美丽的

and I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like trees."

我从来没听到有人说过 “我不喜欢树” 的

And the same with flowers.

花也是一样

I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like flowers."

我从来没有听到有人说过 “我讨厌花” 的

But we realized that seeds --

但是我们意识到种子--

there's been this very serious project happening --

这已经进行为了一个很重要的项目--

but that seeds --

但是这些种子--

at these major botanical gardens,

在这些大型植物园

seeds aren't on show.

种子是不展示的

But you just have to go to a garden center,

但是你只要去园地的角落

and they're in little paper packets.

它们在那小的纸袋里面

But this phenomenal project's been happening.

但是这庞大的项目还在进行中

So we realized we had to make a project

我们意识到我们需要做这个项目

that would be seeds, some kind of seed cathedral.

利用种子，做成某种种子圣殿

But how could we show these teeny-weeny things?

但是我们如何才能展示这种细小的东西呢？

And the film "Jurassic Park" actually really helped us.

事实上电影 “侏罗纪公园” 帮了我们

Because the DNA of the dinosaur that was trapped in the amber

因为保留在琥珀里的恐龙DNA

gave us some kind of clue

给了我们些思路

that these tiny things

那些细小的东西

could be trapped and be made to seem precious,

可以被保存也能做的很精致

rather than looking like nuts.

而不是看起来像坚果一样

So the challenge was,

挑战就是

how are we going to bring light and expose these things?

我们将如何透过光展示这些东西？

We didn't want to make a separate building and have separate content.

我们不想造一座独立的建造还独立的展示内容

So we were trying to think,

所以我们试想

how could we make a whole thing emanate.

我们如何才能把事完整的展现出来

By the way, we had half the budget of the other Western nations.

提一下，我们的预算只有其他西方国家的一半

So that was also in the mix

这又要牵扯到

with the site the size of a football pitch.

足球场大小的场地问题

And so there was one particular toy that gave us a clue.

有件特殊的玩具给了我们灵感

(Video) Voice Over: The new Play-Doh Mop Top Hair Shop.

旁白：新型培乐多炫彩发廊

Song: ♫ We've got the Mop Tops, the Play-Doh Mop Tops ♫

歌声：♫我们有着蓬松的头发，培乐多炫彩发廊♫

♫ Just turn the chair and grow Play-Doh hair ♫

♫只要转下椅子就能有培乐多发型♫

♫ They're the Mop Tops ♫

♫他们是蓬松的发丝♫

Thomas Heatherwick: Okay, you get the idea.

好的，你懂了吧

So the idea

这想法

was to take these 66,000 seeds

就是用66000粒

that they agreed to give us,

它们许诺给我们的种子

and to take each seed and trap it

把每个种子都包裹进

in this precious optical hair

这些昂贵的光学发丝

and grow that through this box,

让它通过盒子向外延伸

very simple box element,

一个很简易的盒子造型

and make it a building

就让建造

that could move in the wind.

随风摆动

So the whole thing can gently move when the wind blows.

以此整栋建筑可以在微风下轻轻的摆动

And inside, the daylight --

而白天，内部--

each one is an optic

每根发丝都是一个光学设备

and it brings light into the center.

并把光线带到每个角落

And by night,

晚上的话

artificial light in each one

每根发丝的人造光

emanates and comes out to the outside.

发光并照射到外部的设施

And to make the project affordable,

为了平衡项目的预算

we focused our energy.

我们主攻能源板块

Instead of building a building as big as the football pitch,

而不是把建筑造的和足球场一样大

we focused it on this one element.

我们把注意力集中到这一元素上

And the government agreed to do that

政府同意这么做

and not do anything else,

不做出其他调整

and focus our energy on that.

而是集中在能源的方面

And so the rest of the site was a public space.

所以地块其余部分就是公共场所

And with a million people there a day,

每天一百万的游客

it just felt like offering some public space.

提供一些公共空间也是合理的

We worked with an AstroTurf manufacturer

我们和 Astro Turf制造商合作

to develop a mini-me version

打造一座小型版本的

of the seed cathedral,

种子圣殿

so that, even if you're partially-sighted,

因此，就算你的视力不好

that it was kind of crunchy and soft,

这也会看起来蓬松柔软

that piece of landscape that you see there.

你看到这样感觉的景致

And then, you know when a pet has an operation

接着，你知道宠物做手术的时候

and they shave a bit of the skin

他们会把一部分的毛剃光

and get rid of the fur --

露出一整块的皮肤--

in order to get you to go into the seed cathedral,

为了让你进入这种子圣殿

in effect, we've shaved it.

实际上，我们也把它剃了

And inside there's nothing;

内部空无一物

there's no famous actor's voice;

没有著名演员的声音

there's no projections;

没有放映室

there's no televisions; there's no color changing.

没有电视；也没有色彩的变化

There's just silence

有的只是安静

and a cool temperature.

和凉爽的温度

And if a cloud goes past,

如果乌云经过的话

you can see a cloud on the tips

你们在从光线投入的

where it's letting the light through.

顶层看到那乌云

This is the only project that we've done

这是我们做的唯一的项目

where the finished thing

完成之后

looked more like a rendering than our renderings.

看起来更像是有自我的演示

(Laughter)

（笑声）

A key thing was how people would interact.

关键在于如何让人们与之互动

I mean, in a way it was the most serious thing

我指，你能在世博会上

you could possible do at the expo.

有可能做的最疯狂的事情

And I just wanted to show you.

我刚刚给大家看的

The British government --

英国政府--

any government is potentially the worst client in the world

任何政府都是世上你最不想要的

you could ever possibly want to have.

最糟糕的客户

And there was a lot of terror.

因为它的要求太恐怖了

But there was an underlying support.

但是它还是有基本的支持的

And so there was a moment

所以在那时刻

when suddenly -- actually, the next thing.

突然间--实际上，接下来的事情

This is the head of U.K. Trade and Investment,

是英国贸易投资部的部长

who was our client,

我们的客户

with the Chinese children, using the landscape.

和中国的孩子们，利用这块空间

(Video) Children: One, two, three, go.

（视频）孩子们：一，二，三，开始

(Laughter)

（笑声）

TH: I'm sorry about my stupid voice there.

我的声音比较难听不好意思

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So finally, texture is something.

最后，质感是很重要的

In the projects we've been working on,

在我们着手的项目中

these slick buildings,

这种精美的建筑

where they might be a fancy shape,

它们可能有着奇幻的外形

but the materiality feels the same,

但是本质上是一样的

is something that we've been trying to research really,

是最近我们一直在尝试探索

and explore alternatives.

研究的替代物

And the project that we're building in Malaysia

我们在拿来西亚建设的项目

is apartment buildings

一个开发商的

for a property developer.

公寓大楼

And it's in a piece of land

这是那块土地

that's this site.

就在这里

And the mayor of Kuala Lumpur

吉隆坡市长

said that, if this developer

说，如果开发商

would give something that gave something back to the city,

能在开发的同时给予城市回报的话

they would give them more gross floor area, buildable.

他们可以给予他们更多的未开发的建设用土地

So there was an incentive for the developer

这激励开发商

to really try to think about

去尝试思考

what would be better for the city.

如何把城市建的更好

And the conventional thing with apartment buildings

公寓建筑最平常的东西

in this part of the world

根据世界某些地域

is you have your tower,

是你有自己的大楼

and you squeeze a few trees around the edge,

你在边缘种植一些树

and you see cars parked.

开辟停车场

It's actually only the first couple of floors that you really experience,

其实你只有在底层几楼才能真正体验到

and the rest of it is just for postcards.

其他的楼层得到的只是展示而已

The lowest value is actually the bottom part of a tower like this.

像这种大楼最底层价值是最低的

So if we could chop that away

如果我们去除这部分

and give the building a small bottom,

造个小型的底层

we could take that bit and put it at the top

我们就可以把价值附加到顶层去

where the greater commercial value is for a property developer.

这样可以让开发商利润最大化

And by linking these together,

通过连接这些

we could have 90 percent of the site

我们可以把90%的土地

as a rainforest,

变成雨林

instead of only 10 percent of scrubby trees

而不是只有10%的矮树

and bits of road around buildings.

和建筑周边的道路

(Applause)

（掌声）

So we're building these buildings.

我们建设的这些建筑

They're actually identical, so it's quite cost-effective.

他们实际上是相同的，都符合成本效益

They're just chopped at different heights.

只是用了不同高度

But the key part

但是关键

is trying to give back an extraordinary piece of landscape,

是试着还给土地一片别致的景观

rather than engulf it.

而不是践踏它

And that's my final slide.

这是我最后一张幻灯片

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）

June Cohen: So thank you. Thank you, Thomas. You're a delight.

琼·科恩：谢谢，谢谢你托马斯

Since we have an extra minute here,

因为我们现在多出了几分钟

I thought perhaps you could tell us a little bit about these seeds,

我想也许你能告诉我们一些关于种子的事情

which maybe came from the shaved bit of the building.

它们也许来自那个建筑

TH: These are a few of the tests we did

我们在建造的时候

when we were building the structure.

做了一些测试

So there were 66,000 of these.

一共有6万6千个

This optic

这光学设备

was 22 feet long.

22尺长

And so the daylight was just coming --

所以日光可以照射进去--

it was caught on the outside of the box

从盒子的外面进入

and was coming down to illuminate each seed.

一直传输到每个种子的地方

Waterproofing the building was a bit crazy.

防水的大楼是有点疯狂的

Because it's quite hard to waterproof buildings anyway,

因为怎么说大楼防水就是很困难的

but if you say you're going to drill 66,000 holes in it --

更别提你是有66000个孔在上面了--

we had quite a time.

我们的确耗费了很长时间

There was one person in the contractors who was the right size --

在承包商中有个体型刚好的工作人员

and it wasn't a child --

当然不是小孩--

who could fit between them

可以进入两者间的空隙

for the final waterproofing of the building.

做最后的大楼防水工作

JC: Thank you, Thomas.

谢谢， 托马斯

(Applause)

（掌声）