Thomas Heatherwick: Building the Seed Cathedral

譯者: Joyce Chou 審譯者: Nova Upinel Altesse

Hello, my name is Thomas Heatherwick.

大家好，我叫做Thomas Heatherwick

I have a studio in London

我在倫敦有間工作室

that has a particular approach

那裏有些特殊

to designing buildings.

設計建築物的方法

When I was growing up,

在我成長的過程中

I was exposed to making

我接觸過製造業

and crafts and materials

工藝和材料

and invention on a small scale.

和一些小型的發明

And I was there looking

在當中

at the larger scale of buildings

我會注意一些大型的建築物

and finding

然後我發現

that the buildings that were around me

在我們周遭的建築物

and that were being designed

和那些設計過的建築物

and that were there in the publications I was seeing

還有在公共區域看到的建築物

felt soulless and cold.

我覺得那些建築物沒有靈魂而且冰冷

And there on the smaller scale,

反倒是一些小東西

the scale of an earring

像是耳環

or a ceramic pot

或陶鍋

or a musical instrument,

或樂器

was a materiality and a soulfulness.

都是具體而且充滿感情

And this influenced me.

這點影響了我

The first building I built was 20 years ago.

20年前我蓋了第一棟建築物

And since, in the last 20 years,

從那時起

I've developed a studio in London.

我在倫敦設立了一個工作室

Sorry, this was my mother, by the way,

抱歉，忘了說，這位是我母親

in her bead shop in London.

這是在她倫敦的串珠店

I spent a lot of time counting beads and things like that.

我花了很多時間在數珠子之類的東西

I'm just going to show, for people who don't know my studio's work,

我現在要為那些不知道我工作室的人

a few projects that we've worked on.

介紹我們做過的幾個案子

This is a hospital building.

這是棟醫院

This is a shop for a bag company.

這是間皮包公司的門市

This is studios for artists.

這裡是藝術家的工作室

This is a sculpture

這是一座

made from a million yards of wire

用一百萬碼的金屬線

and 150,000 glass beads

和150,000顆

the size of a golf ball.

高爾夫球大的玻璃珠做成的雕塑

And this is a window display.

這是櫥窗裝置藝術設計

And this is pair of cooling towers

這是一座位在倫敦

for an electricity substation

聖保羅大教堂旁的

next to St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

雙塔式地下變電所的冷卻系統

And this is a temple in Japan

這是在日本

for a Buddhist monk.

為一位僧人所建的寺院

And this is a cafe by the sea

這是英國一間

in Britain.

面海的咖啡廳

And just very quickly,

接著是

something we've been working on very recently

我們最近在進行的案子

is we were commissioned by the mayor of London

受到倫敦市長委託

to design a new bus

設計新的雙層巴士

that gave the passenger

要讓乘客

their freedom again.

得以再自由地上下車

Because the original Routemaster bus

原本在座各位

that some of you may be familiar with,

所熟悉的雙層巴士

which had this open platform at the back --

在車體的後方有個開放式的車門

in fact, I think all our Routemasters

事實上，我覺得我們原本的那些雙層巴士

are here in California now actually.

現在都在加州這裡

But they aren't in London.

不在倫敦了

And so you're stuck on a bus.

所以你會被困在公車上

And if the bus is going to stop

如果公車快到站了

and it's three yards away from the bus stop,

距離公車站三碼左右時

you're just a prisoner.

就會像個犯人被關在車上

But the mayor of London wanted to reintroduce

現在倫敦市長希望

buses with this open platform.

重新設計有開放式車門的雙層巴士

So we've been working with Transport for London,

因此我們一直與倫敦交通局合作

and that organization

這個部門

hasn't actually been responsible

實際上已經有50年

as a client for a new bus

沒有採購

for 50 years.

新的公車了

And so we've been very lucky to have a chance to work.

我們非常幸運有這個機會做這件案子

The brief is that the bus should use 40 percent less energy.

簡單說新的公車要減少使用百分之40的能源

So it's got hybrid drive.

所以會採用油電混和系統

And we've been working

我們也一直

to try to improve

嘗試要改善

everything from the fabric

包括材質

to the format

形體、結構

and structure

美觀等等

and aesthetics.

所有的事情

I was going to show four main projects.

我現在要介紹四個比較重要的案子

And this is a project for a bridge.

這是一座橋樑的案子

And so we were commissioned to design a bridge that would open.

當時我們被要求要設計一座可以開合的橋樑

And openings seemed --

開合式的橋

everyone loves opening bridges,

每個人都愛這種橋

but it's quite a basic thing.

不過這是相當基本的

I think we all kind of stand and watch.

我相信大家都會站在一旁看橋開合

But the bridges that we saw

但我們看見橋

that opened and closed --

打開和閉合

I'm slightly squeamish --

我其實不太喜歡

but I once saw a photograph of a footballer

我曾經看過一張足球員的照片

who was diving for a ball.

照片中球員要鏟球

And as he was diving, someone had stamped on his knee,

當他要鏟球時，有人用腳踩他的膝蓋

and it had broken like this.

就會像這樣斷裂

And then we looked at these kinds of bridges

然後再回去看這些會開合的橋

and just couldn't help feeling

我就忍不住會想

that it was a beautiful thing that had broken.

這美麗的東西斷裂開了

And so this is in Paddington in London.

這是在倫敦的帕丁頓

And it's a very boring bridge, as you can see.

這是座相當普通的橋

It's just steel and timber.

只用鋼材和木材建造

But instead of what it is,

但先不管材質

our focus was on the way it worked.

我們的重點是它開合的方式

(Applause)

(掌聲)

So we liked the idea that the two farthest bits of it

我們很喜歡這個點子

would end up kissing each other.

橋的兩端最後會連結疊在一起

(Applause)

(掌聲)

We actually had to halve its speed,

實際上我們把開合的速度減半

because everyone was too scared when we first did it.

因為我們首次啟用時嚇壞了大家

So that's it speeded up.

這是速度比較快的時候

A project that we've been working on very recently

我們最近一直在做的案子是

is to design a new biomass power station --

設計一座新的生質能源發電廠

so a power station that uses organic waste material.

發電廠將會使用有機廢料來發電

In the news,

新聞裡

the subject of where our future water is going to come from

未來的水資源從哪來

and where our power is going to come from

未來的能源要從何取得

is in all the papers all the time.

總是不斷地被討論

And we used to be quite proud of the way we generated power.

我們曾經對我們發電的方式感到驕傲

But recently,

但是近來

any annual report of a power company

沒有任何一間電力公司

doesn't have a power station on it.

會把發電廠印製在年度報告裡

It has a child running through a field, or something like that.

都是孩子跑過田野的畫面，諸如此類

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And so when a consortium of engineers approached us

所以當某個工程團體和我們聯繫時

and asked us to work with them on this power station,

希望我們和他們一起合作發電廠的案子

our condition was that we would work with them

我們的條件是我們會和他們合作

and that, whatever we did,

但我們不會只是

we were not just going to decorate a normal power station.

去裝飾美化一座正常的發電廠

And instead, we had to learn -- we kind of forced them to teach us.

我們反而會和他們學習，要他們教導我們

And so we spent time traveling with them

我們花了時間和他們相處

and learning about all the different elements,

了解發電廠所有的配置

and finding that there were plenty of inefficiencies

我們發現有相當多沒有效率的部分

that weren't being capitalized on.

而且不符合成本效益

That just taking a field and banging all these things out

找一塊地，把所有的設備都蓋好

isn't necessarily the most efficient way that they could work.

並不一定是工作最有效的方式

So we looked at how we could compose all those elements --

所以我們想辦法要重組廠區

instead of just litter, create one composition.

而不是隨便弄出一座發電廠出來

And what we found --

我們也發現

this area is one of the poorest parts of Britain.

這個地區是英國最貧窮的地區

It was voted the worst place in Britain to live.

這裡曾被票選為英國最不適合居住的地方

And there are 2,000 new homes being built

未來將有2,000戶新房子

next to this power station.

會被蓋在發電廠的旁邊

So it felt this has a social dimension.

這裡會有社會層面的問題

It has a symbolic importance.

發電廠具有象徵性的意義

And we should be proud of where our power is coming from,

我們應該要對我們的發電廠感到自豪

rather than something we are necessarily ashamed of.

而不是覺得慚愧丟臉

So we were looking at how we could make a power station,

所以我們思考該如何蓋這座發電廠

that, instead of keeping people out

不要蓋一座有著巨大圍籬

and having a big fence around the outside,

把人排拒在外的發電廠

could be a place that pulls you in.

而是可以吸引人進來的發電廠

And it has to be --

所以發電廠必須是

I'm trying to get my --

我想想

250 feet high.

200英尺高

So it felt that what we could try to do

我們嘗試要把發電廠

is make a power park

設計成一座電力公園

and actually bring the whole area in,

把整體區域都納入設計

and using the spare soil that's there on the site,

並使用廠區多餘的土壤

we could make a power station that was silent as well.

讓發電廠變得安靜

Because just that soil

因為土壤

could make the acoustic difference.

可以產生聲學差異

And we also found that we could make a more efficient structure

同時我們也發現，我們可以規劃出更有效率的結構

and have a cost-effective way

和以更具成本效益的方式

of making a structure to do this.

來蓋發電廠

The finished project

最終的計畫

is meant to be more than just a power station.

是讓發電廠不只是發電廠

It has a space where you could have a bar mitzvah at the top.

你甚至可以在頂樓舉行成年禮

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And it's a power park.

這是座電力公園

So people can come and really experience this

人們可以進來，真正體驗發電廠的一切

and also look out all around the area,

並利用我們設計出的高度

and use that height that we have to have for its function.

來觀賞周圍的環境景緻

In Shanghai,

在上海

we were invited to build --

我們受邀去建造

well we weren't invited; what am I talking about.

喔，我們不是受邀；我在說什麼

We won the competition, and it was painful to get there.

我們贏得競圖，那可是吃了很多苦才贏到的

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So we won the competition to build the U.K. pavilion.

我們贏得了設計英國館的的競標

And an expo

世界博覽會

is a totally bonkers thing.

是一件非常瘋狂的事

There's 250 pavilions.

總共有250個展館

It's the world's biggest ever expo that had ever happened.

是有史以來最盛大的展覽

So there are up to a million people there everyday.

每天將湧入上百萬的人潮

And 250 countries all competing.

250個國家相互爭奇鬥艷

And the British government saying,

而英國政府說

"You need to be in the top five."

「你們必須讓英國館排進前五名。」

And so that became

這是

the governmental goal --

政府的目標

is, how do you stand out in this chaos,

就是如何在這麼多展館中脫穎而出

which is an expo of stimulus?

這是一場充滿刺激的博覽會

So our sense was we had to do one thing,

因此我們覺得我們得只做一件事

and only one thing,

就一件事

instead of trying to have everything.

不能去想說什麼都要做

And so what we also felt

我們也覺得

was that whatever we did we couldn't do a cheesy advert for Britain.

無論如何，都不能用很俗氣的方式行銷英國

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

But the thing that was true,

但有一件事是重要的

the expo was about the future of cities,

世博會的主題是有關未來的城市

and particularly the Victorians

在維多利亞時代

pioneered integrating nature into the cities.

人們就已經知道要讓大自然融入城市裡

And the world's first public park of modern times

當今世界上的第一座公園

was in Britain.

其實就是在英國

And the world's first major botanical institution

世界第一大植物機構

is in London,

也是在倫敦

and they have this extraordinary project

這個機構有一項卓越的計畫

where they've been collecting 25 percent

他們要收集全世界

of all the world's plant species.

百分之25的植物種子

So we suddenly realized that there was this thing.

突然我們意識到就是這個想法

And everyone agrees that trees are beautiful,

大家都覺得樹是很美麗的

and I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like trees."

我從沒有遇過誰會說「我不喜歡樹木。」

And the same with flowers.

花也一樣

I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like flowers."

我也從沒有遇過誰會說「我不喜歡花。」

But we realized that seeds --

然後我們想這些種子--

there's been this very serious project happening --

現在這是個非常重要的計畫--

but that seeds --

這些種子

at these major botanical gardens,

在這些重要的植物園裡

seeds aren't on show.

種子是沒有被展示的

But you just have to go to a garden center,

但你只要去花卉中心

and they're in little paper packets.

你可以看到種子都放在小紙袋裡

But this phenomenal project's been happening.

但現在這個驚人的計畫正在進行

So we realized we had to make a project

我們決定要做這個種子的計畫

that would be seeds, some kind of seed cathedral.

打造一座種子聖殿

But how could we show these teeny-weeny things?

但是我們該如何展示這些小巧的種子？

And the film "Jurassic Park" actually really helped us.

電影《侏儸紀公園》也幫助了我們

Because the DNA of the dinosaur that was trapped in the amber

電影裡恐龍的DNA被保存在琥珀裡

gave us some kind of clue

這點給了我們靈感

that these tiny things

這些小巧的種子

could be trapped and be made to seem precious,

可以被包裝而且看起來很精緻

rather than looking like nuts.

而不是看起來像堅果

So the challenge was,

我們的任務是

how are we going to bring light and expose these things?

要如何帶出光線和展現這些種子？

We didn't want to make a separate building and have separate content.

我們不想蓋一棟獨立的建築，展示獨立的內容

So we were trying to think,

我們挖空心思

how could we make a whole thing emanate.

我們要如何讓建築物散發整體感

By the way, we had half the budget of the other Western nations.

我們的預算只有其他西方國家的一半

So that was also in the mix

然後這又牽涉到

with the site the size of a football pitch.

展館施工地點是一個足球場的大小

And so there was one particular toy that gave us a clue.

有樣特別的玩具給了我們靈感

(Video) Voice Over: The new Play-Doh Mop Top Hair Shop.

(影片) 旁白：全新培樂多炫麗髮型屋

Song: ♫ We've got the Mop Tops, the Play-Doh Mop Tops ♫

歌曲：♫我們有蓬鬆頭髮，培樂多彩泥頭髮♫

♫ Just turn the chair and grow Play-Doh hair ♫

♫轉轉椅子，做出培樂多彩泥頭髮♫

♫ They're the Mop Tops ♫

♫他們有蓬鬆頭髮♫

Thomas Heatherwick: Okay, you get the idea.

Thomas Heatherwick：好，你們了解吧

So the idea

所以我們的想法是

was to take these 66,000 seeds

運用這66,000顆

that they agreed to give us,

他們所同意提供的種子

and to take each seed and trap it

把每一顆種子包裝在

in this precious optical hair

珍貴透光像頭髮般的壓克力桿裡

and grow that through this box,

從建築物向外延伸出去

very simple box element,

簡單的方盒子造型

and make it a building

讓這座建築物

that could move in the wind.

能被風吹動

So the whole thing can gently move when the wind blows.

所以整座建築物在風吹時會微微擺動

And inside, the daylight --

白天，內部 --

each one is an optic

每一根壓克力桿都能透光

and it brings light into the center.

能把光線帶進建築物裡

And by night,

在晚上

artificial light in each one

每一根壓克力桿都配有人工光源

emanates and comes out to the outside.

可由內向外傳到建築的外頭

And to make the project affordable,

為了讓計畫符合預算規劃

we focused our energy.

我們集中我們的精力

Instead of building a building as big as the football pitch,

不把展館真的蓋得跟足球場一樣大

we focused it on this one element.

我們集中在展館本身

And the government agreed to do that

政府也同意這麼做

and not do anything else,

把錢花在刀口上

and focus our energy on that.

把全部精力投注在展館

And so the rest of the site was a public space.

展館外頭的區塊就可以變成公共空間

And with a million people there a day,

每天都有上百萬的人會湧入

it just felt like offering some public space.

就能提供額外的公共空間

We worked with an AstroTurf manufacturer

我們與Astro Turf人造草皮製造商合作

to develop a mini-me version

為這座種子聖殿

of the seed cathedral,

訂製了一款人造草皮

so that, even if you're partially-sighted,

所以即使參觀者是弱視

that it was kind of crunchy and soft,

這裡會是鬆軟的

that piece of landscape that you see there.

你可以看到這邊會有這樣的景致

And then, you know when a pet has an operation

然後，你們知道當寵物要動手術時

and they shave a bit of the skin

他們會得把一部分的毛剃掉

and get rid of the fur --

露出一塊皮膚--

in order to get you to go into the seed cathedral,

為了讓人可以進到種子聖殿裡

in effect, we've shaved it.

我們也把入口設計成頭髮剃掉一塊的樣子

And inside there's nothing;

在內部是空無一物的

there's no famous actor's voice;

沒有知名演員在表演

there's no projections;

沒有投影

there's no televisions; there's no color changing.

沒有電視；沒有影像效果

There's just silence

就只是安靜的呈現

and a cool temperature.

還有涼爽的溫度

And if a cloud goes past,

如果外頭有雲飄過

you can see a cloud on the tips

也能從壓克力桿頂端透光的地方

where it's letting the light through.

看見雲飄的樣子

This is the only project that we've done

這是我們做過的案子裡

where the finished thing

完成後的樣子

looked more like a rendering than our renderings.

比我們自己表演更看起來像表演的

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

A key thing was how people would interact.

而重點是人們要如何和建築物有互動

I mean, in a way it was the most serious thing

我覺得你可能可以在世博會上

you could possible do at the expo.

做的最瘋狂的事

And I just wanted to show you.

我想讓你們看

The British government --

英國政府--

any government is potentially the worst client in the world

任何一個政府機構都可能是世界上

you could ever possibly want to have.

最糟而且是你最不想要的客戶

And there was a lot of terror.

因為太恐怖了

But there was an underlying support.

但他們還是能給你基本的支持

And so there was a moment

所以在一個時間裡

when suddenly -- actually, the next thing.

就是接下來發生的事情

This is the head of U.K. Trade and Investment,

這位是英國貿易投資署的署長

who was our client,

他是我們的客戶

with the Chinese children, using the landscape.

他和中國的孩童們，正在利用展館外頭的空間

(Video) Children: One, two, three, go.

(影片)兒童：一，二，三，開始。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

TH: I'm sorry about my stupid voice there.

TH：抱歉，我的笑聲太搞笑了

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So finally, texture is something.

最後，質感也很重要

In the projects we've been working on,

在我們做過的案子裡

these slick buildings,

這些漂亮的建築物

where they might be a fancy shape,

也許有著奇特的外觀

but the materiality feels the same,

但本質上都是相同的

is something that we've been trying to research really,

我們都一直在努力研究

and explore alternatives.

並探索其他可能性

And the project that we're building in Malaysia

我們在馬來西亞承接的案子

is apartment buildings

是為一間地產開發商

for a property developer.

設計的公寓大樓

And it's in a piece of land

這在一塊土地

that's this site.

就是這裡

And the mayor of Kuala Lumpur

吉隆坡市長表示

said that, if this developer

如果開發商

would give something that gave something back to the city,

在開發的同時也能給城市回饋

they would give them more gross floor area, buildable.

政府願意提供更多的可建築面積

So there was an incentive for the developer

所以這是在鼓勵開發商

to really try to think about

真正去思考

what would be better for the city.

如何為城市帶來好處

And the conventional thing with apartment buildings

而世界上

in this part of the world

傳統的公寓大樓

is you have your tower,

是你有自己的大樓

and you squeeze a few trees around the edge,

然後你在周圍種上幾棵樹

and you see cars parked.

你看到停車場

It's actually only the first couple of floors that you really experience,

實際上你真正接觸的只會是一樓上下幾個樓層

and the rest of it is just for postcards.

其餘的樓層都是給信件去的

The lowest value is actually the bottom part of a tower like this.

實際上像這樣的大樓的底部是價值最低的部分

So if we could chop that away

所以如果我們能把這個部分拿掉

and give the building a small bottom,

讓大樓的底部變小

we could take that bit and put it at the top

把拿掉的部分改放去頂端

where the greater commercial value is for a property developer.

頂端對地產開發商來說有著更大的商業價值

And by linking these together,

然後把這幾個部分連結起來

we could have 90 percent of the site

我們能把百分之90的區塊

as a rainforest,

都做成綠地森林

instead of only 10 percent of scrubby trees

而不是只拿百分之10的面積種矮樹

and bits of road around buildings.

或規劃成環繞大樓的道路

(Applause)

(掌聲)

So we're building these buildings.

我們蓋這些建築物

They're actually identical, so it's quite cost-effective.

他們實際上是相同的，都非常符合成本效益

They're just chopped at different heights.

他們只是高度不同

But the key part

但重點是

is trying to give back an extraordinary piece of landscape,

想回饋給土地一塊特殊景緻

rather than engulf it.

而不是把土地吞食

And that's my final slide.

這是我最後一張投影片了

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝各位

(Applause)

(掌聲)

June Cohen: So thank you. Thank you, Thomas. You're a delight.

June Cohen：非常謝謝你，Thomas，你令大家感到愉快

Since we have an extra minute here,

我們還有一點時間

I thought perhaps you could tell us a little bit about these seeds,

你是否能多跟我們談談這些種子

which maybe came from the shaved bit of the building.

這些也許是從入口處的地方拿來的

TH: These are a few of the tests we did

TH：這一小部分是我們

when we were building the structure.

在建造展館時拿來測試的

So there were 66,000 of these.

展館用上了66,000跟壓克力桿

This optic

每根壓克力桿

was 22 feet long.

長22英尺

And so the daylight was just coming --

所以日光可以參透進來

it was caught on the outside of the box

從建築物的外側照進來

and was coming down to illuminate each seed.

然後往下照亮每顆種子。

Waterproofing the building was a bit crazy.

在做建築物的防水工程也是很瘋狂的

Because it's quite hard to waterproof buildings anyway,

一般建築要做防水都不容易了

but if you say you're going to drill 66,000 holes in it --

更遑論上面還有66,000個孔了

we had quite a time.

我們花了相當多的時間

There was one person in the contractors who was the right size --

我們的承包商裡有位工作人員，體型較小

and it wasn't a child --

他不是小孩子

who could fit between them

但能剛好擠進那個空間

for the final waterproofing of the building.

為建築物做完最後的防水工程

JC: Thank you, Thomas.

JC：謝謝你，Thomas

(Applause)

(掌聲)