A virus detection network to stop the next pandemic | Pardis Sabeti and Christian Happi

翻译人员: Lipeng Chen 校对人员: Wanting Zhong

[In January 2020,

[ 2020 年 1 月，

Christian Happi and Pardis Sabeti presented an Audacious idea]

克里斯提昂 · 哈贝和帕蒂斯 · 萨贝提 提出了一个大胆的想法 ]

[Sentinel: An early warning system to detect and track the next pandemic]

[ “哨兵”系统：对下一场全球流行病 进行检测和追踪的早期预警系统 ]

[ 这是它的运作方式…… ]

[Here's how it would work ...]

Christian Happi: Sentinel is a proactive early warning system to preempt pandemics.

克里斯提昂 · 哈贝（CH）：“哨兵”系统是一套 用来主动防范全球流行病的早期预警系统。

It is built on three major pillars.

它构建于三个主要的支柱之上。

Pardis Sabeti: The first pillar is Detect.

帕蒂斯 · 萨贝提（PS）： 第一个支柱是检测。

Christian and I have been studying infectious diseases together

我和克里斯提昂一起 在世界各地研究传染病

around the world for two decades.

已经有二十多年了。

We have been using genome sequencing.

我们使用了基因组测序的方法。

Reading out the complete genetic information of a microbe,

通过破译出病菌完整的遗传信息，

it allows us to identify viruses, even those we've never seen before,

我们就可以识别出病毒， 甚至是之前从未见过的病毒，

track them as they spread

在它们传播时进行追踪，

and watch for new mutations.

并监测新的变异。

And now with the powerful gene-editing technology CRISPR,

现在，通过强大的 基因编辑技术 CRISPR，

we can use this genetic information

我们可以使用这些遗传信息，

to rapidly design exquisitely sensitive diagnostic tests for any microbe.

快速设计出针对任何病菌 都具有极高灵敏度的诊断测试。

CH: One of these tools is called SHERLOCK.

CH：其中一种工具叫 SHERLOCK。

It can be used to test known viruses on simple paper strips.

在一张简单的试纸上就可以 检测已知的病毒。

It is very inexpensive,

它非常廉价，

and frontline health workers can use SHERLOCK

有了 SHERLOCK，一线医护人员

to detect the most common or the most threatening viruses

在一个小时之内就能检测出

最常见的或是最具杀伤力的病毒。

within an hour.

PS: The other tool is CARMEN.

PS：另一种工具叫 CARMEN。

It requires a lab, but it can test for hundreds of viruses simultaneously.

它需要在实验室里使用， 但是可以同时检测几百种病毒。

So hospital lab staff can test patient samples

医院的实验室人员可以在一天之内，

for a broad range of viruses

用患者样本检测

within a day.

种类繁多的病毒。

Our second pillar is Connect.

我们的第二个支柱是连接。

Connect everyone and share this information

连接每个人，并在 公共卫生群体之中

across the public health community.

分享这个信息。

In most outbreaks,

在大多数疫病爆发时，

hospital staff share case information through paper, Excel -- if at all.

医院人员即使分享了病例信息， 也只是通过纸质文件和 Excel 表格。

This makes tracking an outbreak through space and time

这让在空间和时间上追踪疫情

and coordinating a response

并协调响应

extremely difficult.

变得十分困难。

So we're developing a cloud-based system and mobile applications

于是，我们正在开发 云端系统和手机应用，

that connect community health workers,

来连接社区医疗工作者、

clinicians, public health teams -- everyone --

临床医师、公卫团队—— 几乎覆盖了每个人——

and allows them to upload data,

让他们可以上传数据、

perform analysis, share insights

进行分析、分享见解，

and coordinate a response and action plan

并实时协调响应措施，

in real time.

统筹行动计划。

CH: Our third pillar is Empower.

CH：我们的第三个支柱是赋能。

An outbreak surveillance system can only succeed

只有我们更好地用技术“武装”

if we empower frontline health workers that are already out there

在前线为社区提供服务的 医疗工作者，

taking care of communities.

疫情监测系统才能充分发挥作用。

It requires a lot of training.

这需要很多的培训。

Pardis and I are very much aware of that.

帕蒂斯和我对这一点都非常清楚。

We've spent the past 10 years

在过去的十年间，

training hundreds of young African scientists and clinicians.

我们培训了数百名年轻的 非洲科学家和临床医师。

Over the next five years, we will train an additional 1,000 health workers

在接下来的五年里， 我们还会培训另一千名医疗工作者

to use Sentinel detection tools

如何使用“哨兵”检测工具，

and empower them to train their colleagues.

并让他们有能力去培训他们的同事。

This way, we will improve the original health care system

这样，我们就能改善 原有的医疗系统，

and integrate surveillance into medical practice.

并将监测纳入医疗实践。

[Since presenting their Audacious plan at TED, the world has changed ...]

[ 他们在 TED 展示了该“大胆计划”后， 世界就发生了变化…… ]

Briar Goldberg: So here we are. We're recording this.

布莱尔 · 戈德堡（Briar Goldberg）： 现在我们正在录像。

It's April 7th, 2020,

今天是 2020 年 4 月 7 号，

and obviously, we are in the throes of this crazy global pandemic

很显然，我们目前正处于 由新型冠状病毒引发的

这场疯狂的全球性 大流行病的困境之中。

caused by this new coronavirus.

So you two have been working together forever,

你们二位一直都在合作，

and you really came together pretty aggressively

而且也在 2014 年非常积极的

with the Ebola crisis back in 2014.

共同应对了埃博拉疫情。

What does it feel like from your perspective?

你们对此有什么感受？

CH: Pretty much six years after the Ebola outbreak,

CH：在埃博拉疫情爆发六年后，

we're really facing another crisis,

我们正面临着另一场危机，

and we still pretty much, like, we never learned from the previous crisis.

我们仍然像是 从未从前一场危机中吸取教训。

And that, really, for me, is heartbreaking.

这对我来说，确实很痛心。

PS: I think that this pandemic has shown us how unprepared we are

PS：我觉得这场大流行 向我们揭示了，我们准备得很不充分，

everywhere in the world.

世界各地都是如此。

Christian and our partners together had diagnostics at our hospital sites

克里斯提昂和我们的合作伙伴 二月初就在尼日利亚、

塞拉利昂和塞内加尔的 当地医院开展了检测。

in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Senegal in early February.

Most states in the United States didn't have it until far later.

美国的大多数州 直到很晚才开展检测。

这就说明， 我们必须同舟共济，

It tells us that we are all in this together,

and we are all very much behind the curve.

而我们在行动上是很滞后的。

BG: So, this Sentinel system is amazing,

BG：这个“哨兵”系统很棒，

but I know that the question that's on everybody's mind is:

但我知道，所有人都很好奇：

How is that playing into the here and now?

“哨兵”系统在这场危机中 究竟扮演着什么角色？

PS: You know, we describe Sentinel as a pandemic preemption system,

PS：我们将“哨兵”系统 描述为大流行病的预防系统，

而目前我们正身陷大流行病之中。

and here we are in a pandemic.

But what's great is that, actually, the same tools you need

但好的一方面是，实际上， 用来预防大流行病的工具，

也正是可以应对

to preempt a pandemic

are the ones that you need to respond to one.

大流行病的工具。

And so all of the technologies that we have laid out --

所以，我们部署好的所有技术——

the point-of-care testing, the multiplex testing,

即时检测、多重检测，

the discovery and tracking of the virus as it's changing,

对不断变化的病毒的发现和追踪，

and the overlay of the mobile applications to dashboard --

以及添加数据面板的手机应用——

are all critical.

全都至关重要。

CH: For us, it is a war.

CH：对我们来说，这是一场战争。

We are basically committed for 24 hours' turnaround time

我们基本上是承诺了

24 小时内给出结果的 检测周转时间，

in order to give results,

and that requires for us to work around the clock nonstop.

这就要求我们连轴转地不停工作。

So it's a pretty challenging moment.

所以这是个非常具有挑战性的时刻。

We are away from family.

我们一直远离家庭。

At least I have the privilege to see family today,

至少，我今天有幸跟家人重聚，

and then I'm sure tomorrow I'm heading back in the trenches.

但我很确信明天我就要回到前线。

In my lab, we sequenced the first COVID-19 genome

我的实验室对非洲大陆上

第一个 COVID-19 基因组进行了测序，

on the African continent,

and that really was done within 48 hours.

48 小时之内就完成了。

This is revolutionary coming from Africa

这是来自非洲的变革，

and then making this information available for the global health community

将这个信息分享给全球的医疗群体，

看看非洲的病毒是什么样的。

to see what the virus within Africa looks like.

I believe that with technologies and knowledge

我相信有了技术、知识，

and then sharing information,

以及信息共享系统，

we can do better and then we can overcome.

我们可以做得更好， 我们可以战胜病毒。

PS: The whole idea of Sentinel

PS：“哨兵”系统的整个想法

is that we all stand guard over each other.

就是我们守护彼此。

We all watch.

我们都在观测。

Each one of us is a sentinel.

我们每个人都是哨兵。

Each one of us, being able to monitor what is making us sick,

我们每个人都有能力监测 是什么让我们生病，

can share that with the rest of our community.

并可以与社区中的其他人 分享这个信息。

And I think that is what I profoundly want,

我觉得这是我最衷心的愿望： [ 支持该计划请登陆 AudaciousProject.org]

is for us to all stand guard

我们都是哨兵， [ 支持该计划请登陆 AudaciousProject.org]

and watch over each other.

我们守护彼此。

[Dr. Pardis Sabeti and Dr. Christian Happi]

[ 帕蒂斯 · 萨贝提博士和 克里斯提昂 · 哈贝博士 ]

[Ingenious scientists.

[ 天才的科学家。

Courageous partners.

勇敢的搭档。

Global heroes.]

世界的英雄。 ]