A virus detection network to stop the next pandemic | Pardis Sabeti and Christian Happi
51,417 views ・ 2020-06-03
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譯者: Centa Liu
審譯者: Amanda Chu
00:12
[In January 2020,
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[ 2020 年 1 月,
00:13
Christian Happi and Pardis Sabeti
presented an Audacious idea]
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克里斯蒂安·哈皮和帕迪斯·薩貝蒂
提出了一個「大膽」的想法]
00:18
[Sentinel: An early warning system
to detect and track the next pandemic]
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[前哨:一個用來檢測並追蹤
下一次全球疫情的預警系統]
[以下說明它如何運作]
00:25
[Here's how it would work ...]
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00:28
Christian Happi: Sentinel is a proactive
early warning system to preempt pandemics.
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克里斯蒂安·哈皮:「前哨」是一個
能主動預防全球疫情的預警系統
00:35
It is built on three major pillars.
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它由三個重要部分所組成
00:37
Pardis Sabeti: The first pillar is Detect.
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帕迪斯·薩貝:第一個部分是「偵測」
00:39
Christian and I have been studying
infectious diseases together
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克里斯蒂安和我二十年來
一直在世界各地共同研究傳染病
00:42
around the world for two decades.
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00:44
We have been using genome sequencing.
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我們使用的是基因組定序法
00:46
Reading out the complete
genetic information of a microbe,
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讀出完整的微生物遺傳訊息
00:49
it allows us to identify viruses,
even those we've never seen before,
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它使我們能夠識別病毒
包括那些我們從未見過的病毒
00:54
track them as they spread
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追蹤它們的傳播
00:55
and watch for new mutations.
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並隨時留意突變的發生
00:57
And now with the powerful
gene-editing technology CRISPR,
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而現在有了強大的
基因編輯技術 CRISPR
01:00
we can use this genetic information
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我們可以利用這些遺傳訊息
01:02
to rapidly design exquisitely sensitive
diagnostic tests for any microbe.
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來快速設計出對任何微生物
都極為靈敏的診斷測試法
01:08
CH: One of these tools is called SHERLOCK.
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克:其中有一種工具叫做 SHERLOCK。
01:11
It can be used to test known viruses
on simple paper strips.
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只需要在簡便的紙片上
就可以測試已知的病毒
01:16
It is very inexpensive,
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而且很便宜
01:18
and frontline health workers
can use SHERLOCK
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前線的醫護人員可以使用 SHERLOCK
01:21
to detect the most common
or the most threatening viruses
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在一個小時之內找出
最常見或最具威脅性的病毒
01:26
within an hour.
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01:28
PS: The other tool is CARMEN.
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帕:另一種工具是 CARMEN
01:29
It requires a lab, but it can test
for hundreds of viruses simultaneously.
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它需要在實驗室裡操作
但可以同時測試處理數百種病毒
01:34
So hospital lab staff
can test patient samples
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所以醫院實驗室的人
可以用它來測試患者樣本
是否帶有這些病毒
01:36
for a broad range of viruses
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01:38
within a day.
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一天內就可以知道結果
01:39
Our second pillar is Connect.
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這個預警系統的第二個部分是「連結」
01:42
Connect everyone
and share this information
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連結所有人
並在整個公共衛生界分享這些資訊
01:45
across the public health community.
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01:47
In most outbreaks,
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在大多數的流行病爆發中
01:49
hospital staff share case information
through paper, Excel -- if at all.
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醫院工作人員透過紙本
或 Excel 檔案分享病例資料
如果做了的話
01:54
This makes tracking an outbreak
through space and time
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這使得追蹤發生在
其他地點、時間的爆發
01:56
and coordinating a response
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並協調回應
01:58
extremely difficult.
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變得非常困難
01:59
So we're developing a cloud-based system
and mobile applications
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因此,我們正在開發
雲端系統與行動裝置 APP
02:03
that connect community health workers,
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用來連結社區衛生工作者、臨床醫生
公共衛生團隊,基本上就是每個人
02:05
clinicians, public health
teams -- everyone --
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02:08
and allows them to upload data,
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允許他們上傳數據
02:10
perform analysis, share insights
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執行分析、分享見解
02:13
and coordinate a response and action plan
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並以即時的方式協調應變和行動計劃
02:15
in real time.
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02:16
CH: Our third pillar is Empower.
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克:這個預警系統的
第三個部分是「授權」
02:20
An outbreak surveillance
system can only succeed
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疫情爆發追蹤系統若要成功
02:23
if we empower frontline health workers
that are already out there
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我們必須授權就地的第一線衛生工作者
02:27
taking care of communities.
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讓他們照顧社區
02:28
It requires a lot of training.
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這需要大量的培訓
02:31
Pardis and I are very much aware of that.
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我和帕迪斯都非常了解這一點
02:33
We've spent the past 10 years
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我們用過去的十年
02:35
training hundreds of young
African scientists and clinicians.
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培訓數百名年輕的
非洲科學家和臨床醫生
02:39
Over the next five years, we will train
an additional 1,000 health workers
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在接下來的五年中
我們將培訓另 1,000 名衛生工作者
02:43
to use Sentinel detection tools
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使用「前哨」檢測工具
02:45
and empower them
to train their colleagues.
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並授權他們訓練他們的同事
02:48
This way, we will improve
the original health care system
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這樣,我們可以改善
既有的衛生保健系統
02:52
and integrate surveillance
into medical practice.
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並將監控系統與醫療手段整合
02:57
[Since presenting their Audacious
plan at TED, the world has changed ...]
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[自從在 TED 介紹了他們的
「大膽計劃」,世界已經改變了]
03:02
Briar Goldberg: So here we are.
We're recording this.
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布萊爾·戈德堡:
我們已經開始了,我們正在錄影
03:05
It's April 7th, 2020,
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今天是 2020 年 4 月 7 日
03:07
and obviously, we are in the throes
of this crazy global pandemic
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顯然,我們正處於
由這種新的冠狀病毒所引起的
03:12
caused by this new coronavirus.
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瘋狂全球疫情的困境之中
03:14
So you two have been working
together forever,
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你們兩個一起工作很久了
03:17
and you really came together
pretty aggressively
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在因應 2014 年的伊波拉危機上
03:20
with the Ebola crisis back in 2014.
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你們真的相當積極
03:23
What does it feel like
from your perspective?
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從你們的角度來看,有甚麼感想嗎?
03:25
CH: Pretty much six years
after the Ebola outbreak,
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克:埃博拉疫情爆發的差不多六年後
03:28
we're really facing another crisis,
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我們真的面臨了另一場危機
03:31
and we still pretty much, like,
we never learned from the previous crisis.
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但我們好像並未
從上次危機中學到任何東西
03:37
And that, really, for me,
is heartbreaking.
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真的,對我來說,令人心碎
03:39
PS: I think that this pandemic
has shown us how unprepared we are
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帕:我認為這全球疫情
向我們展示了我們的準備多麼地不足
03:46
everywhere in the world.
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世界各地都是如此
03:47
Christian and our partners together
had diagnostics at our hospital sites
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二月初,克里斯汀和我們的合作夥伴
一起在我們設在奈及利亞、獅子山
和塞內加爾的醫院為病人做診斷
03:52
in Nigeria, Sierra Leone
and Senegal in early February.
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03:55
Most states in the United States
didn't have it until far later.
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而美國大多數的州直到很晚才做
04:00
It tells us that
we are all in this together,
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這顯示了我們都是同在一艘船上
04:03
and we are all very much behind the curve.
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而且我們落後得很遠
04:05
BG: So, this Sentinel system is amazing,
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布:所以,這個「前哨」系統很棒
04:09
but I know that the question
that's on everybody's mind is:
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但我知道每個人對這個問題的想法是:
04:12
How is that playing into the here and now?
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那它對我們當下的情況有什麼作用?
04:14
PS: You know, we describe Sentinel
as a pandemic preemption system,
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帕:我們之前將「前哨」
描述為全球疫情的預警系統
而目前,我們已經在大流行之中
04:18
and here we are in a pandemic.
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04:19
But what's great is that, actually,
the same tools you need
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但最棒的是,實際上,
用來超前部屬
04:22
to preempt a pandemic
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和用來因應疫情的工具是同一個
04:23
are the ones that you need
to respond to one.
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04:25
And so all of the technologies
that we have laid out --
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所以我們已經預備好的所有技術
04:28
the point-of-care testing,
the multiplex testing,
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包括定點照護檢測,多重測試
04:31
the discovery and tracking
of the virus as it's changing,
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發現並追蹤不斷變化的病毒
04:34
and the overlay of the mobile
applications to dashboard --
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以及將行動裝置 APP 資料
複製到控制板上等技術
04:38
are all critical.
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都是至關重要的。
04:39
CH: For us, it is a war.
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克:對我們來說,這是一場戰爭
04:41
We are basically committed
for 24 hours' turnaround time
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基本上我們朝著 24 小時內
得到結果的回應時間來努力
04:44
in order to give results,
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04:46
and that requires for us
to work around the clock nonstop.
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這需要我們全天候不停地工作
04:51
So it's a pretty challenging moment.
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因此,這是一個非常具有挑戰性的時刻
04:53
We are away from family.
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我們被迫遠離家人
04:54
At least I have the privilege
to see family today,
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至少我被特許,今天可以見家人
04:56
and then I'm sure tomorrow
I'm heading back in the trenches.
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然後明天我還要重回這挑戰中
04:59
In my lab, we sequenced
the first COVID-19 genome
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我的實驗室在非洲大陸
首先定序了第一個 COVID-19 基因組
05:03
on the African continent,
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05:04
and that really was done within 48 hours.
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而且是在 48 小時內完成
05:06
This is revolutionary
coming from Africa
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這對於非洲大陸來說很具有革命性
05:09
and then making this information
available for the global health community
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我們把資料與全球公共衛生界分享
讓大家都能看到
非洲大陸的病毒長什麼樣子。
05:13
to see what the virus
within Africa looks like.
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05:15
I believe that with
technologies and knowledge
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我相信利用技術和知識
05:18
and then sharing information,
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然後共享這些訊息
05:20
we can do better and then we can overcome.
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我們可以做得更好,然後克服困境
05:22
PS: The whole idea of Sentinel
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帕:建立「前哨」的想法
05:24
is that we all stand guard
over each other.
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就是我們都在彼此之間相互守護
05:26
We all watch.
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我們都在留意
05:27
Each one of us is a sentinel.
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我們每個人都是哨兵
05:29
Each one of us, being able to monitor
what is making us sick,
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我們每個人都能夠監控
是什麼讓我們生病
05:33
can share that with
the rest of our community.
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並分享給我們社群裡的其他成員
05:35
And I think that is what
I profoundly want,
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我認為我衷心希望的
05:38
is for us to all stand guard
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是我們所有人都保持警惕
05:41
and watch over each other.
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並互相看顧對方
05:43
[Dr. Pardis Sabeti
and Dr. Christian Happi]
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[帕迪斯·薩貝蒂和克里斯蒂安·哈皮博士]
05:46
[Ingenious scientists.
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[獨創的科學家
05:48
Courageous partners.
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有勇氣的伙伴
05:49
Global heroes.]
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世界英雄]
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