A virus detection network to stop the next pandemic | Pardis Sabeti and Christian Happi

譯者: Centa Liu 審譯者: Amanda Chu

[In January 2020,

[ 2020 年 1 月，

Christian Happi and Pardis Sabeti presented an Audacious idea]

克里斯蒂安·哈皮和帕迪斯·薩貝蒂

提出了一個「大膽」的想法]

[Sentinel: An early warning system to detect and track the next pandemic]

[前哨：一個用來檢測並追蹤 下一次全球疫情的預警系統]

[以下說明它如何運作]

[Here's how it would work ...]

Christian Happi: Sentinel is a proactive early warning system to preempt pandemics.

克里斯蒂安·哈皮：「前哨」是一個 能主動預防全球疫情的預警系統

It is built on three major pillars.

它由三個重要部分所組成

Pardis Sabeti: The first pillar is Detect.

帕迪斯·薩貝：第一個部分是｢偵測｣

Christian and I have been studying infectious diseases together

克里斯蒂安和我二十年來 一直在世界各地共同研究傳染病

around the world for two decades.

We have been using genome sequencing.

我們使用的是基因組定序法

Reading out the complete genetic information of a microbe,

讀出完整的微生物遺傳訊息

it allows us to identify viruses, even those we've never seen before,

它使我們能夠識別病毒 包括那些我們從未見過的病毒

track them as they spread

追蹤它們的傳播

and watch for new mutations.

並隨時留意突變的發生

And now with the powerful gene-editing technology CRISPR,

而現在有了強大的 基因編輯技術 CRISPR

we can use this genetic information

我們可以利用這些遺傳訊息

to rapidly design exquisitely sensitive diagnostic tests for any microbe.

來快速設計出對任何微生物 都極為靈敏的診斷測試法

CH: One of these tools is called SHERLOCK.

克：其中有一種工具叫做 SHERLOCK。

It can be used to test known viruses on simple paper strips.

只需要在簡便的紙片上 就可以測試已知的病毒

It is very inexpensive,

而且很便宜

and frontline health workers can use SHERLOCK

前線的醫護人員可以使用 SHERLOCK

to detect the most common or the most threatening viruses

在一個小時之內找出 最常見或最具威脅性的病毒

within an hour.

PS: The other tool is CARMEN.

帕：另一種工具是 CARMEN

It requires a lab, but it can test for hundreds of viruses simultaneously.

它需要在實驗室裡操作 但可以同時測試處理數百種病毒

So hospital lab staff can test patient samples

所以醫院實驗室的人

可以用它來測試患者樣本 是否帶有這些病毒

for a broad range of viruses

within a day.

一天內就可以知道結果

Our second pillar is Connect.

這個預警系統的第二個部分是「連結」

Connect everyone and share this information

連結所有人

並在整個公共衛生界分享這些資訊

across the public health community.

In most outbreaks,

在大多數的流行病爆發中

hospital staff share case information through paper, Excel -- if at all.

醫院工作人員透過紙本 或 Excel 檔案分享病例資料

如果做了的話

This makes tracking an outbreak through space and time

這使得追蹤發生在 其他地點、時間的爆發

and coordinating a response

並協調回應

extremely difficult.

變得非常困難

So we're developing a cloud-based system and mobile applications

因此，我們正在開發 雲端系統與行動裝置 APP

that connect community health workers,

用來連結社區衛生工作者、臨床醫生 公共衛生團隊，基本上就是每個人

clinicians, public health teams -- everyone --

and allows them to upload data,

允許他們上傳數據

perform analysis, share insights

執行分析、分享見解

and coordinate a response and action plan

並以即時的方式協調應變和行動計劃

in real time.

CH: Our third pillar is Empower.

克：這個預警系統的 第三個部分是「授權」

An outbreak surveillance system can only succeed

疫情爆發追蹤系統若要成功

if we empower frontline health workers that are already out there

我們必須授權就地的第一線衛生工作者

taking care of communities.

讓他們照顧社區

It requires a lot of training.

這需要大量的培訓

Pardis and I are very much aware of that.

我和帕迪斯都非常了解這一點

We've spent the past 10 years

我們用過去的十年

training hundreds of young African scientists and clinicians.

培訓數百名年輕的 非洲科學家和臨床醫生

Over the next five years, we will train an additional 1,000 health workers

在接下來的五年中 我們將培訓另 1,000 名衛生工作者

to use Sentinel detection tools

使用「前哨」檢測工具

and empower them to train their colleagues.

並授權他們訓練他們的同事

This way, we will improve the original health care system

這樣，我們可以改善 既有的衛生保健系統

and integrate surveillance into medical practice.

並將監控系統與醫療手段整合

[Since presenting their Audacious plan at TED, the world has changed ...]

[自從在 TED 介紹了他們的 「大膽計劃」，世界已經改變了]

Briar Goldberg: So here we are. We're recording this.

布萊爾·戈德堡： 我們已經開始了，我們正在錄影

It's April 7th, 2020,

今天是 2020 年 4 月 7 日

and obviously, we are in the throes of this crazy global pandemic

顯然，我們正處於 由這種新的冠狀病毒所引起的

caused by this new coronavirus.

瘋狂全球疫情的困境之中

So you two have been working together forever,

你們兩個一起工作很久了

and you really came together pretty aggressively

在因應 2014 年的伊波拉危機上

with the Ebola crisis back in 2014.

你們真的相當積極

What does it feel like from your perspective?

從你們的角度來看，有甚麼感想嗎？

CH: Pretty much six years after the Ebola outbreak,

克：埃博拉疫情爆發的差不多六年後

we're really facing another crisis,

我們真的面臨了另一場危機

and we still pretty much, like, we never learned from the previous crisis.

但我們好像並未 從上次危機中學到任何東西

And that, really, for me, is heartbreaking.

真的，對我來說，令人心碎

PS: I think that this pandemic has shown us how unprepared we are

帕：我認為這全球疫情 向我們展示了我們的準備多麼地不足

everywhere in the world.

世界各地都是如此

Christian and our partners together had diagnostics at our hospital sites

二月初，克里斯汀和我們的合作夥伴

一起在我們設在奈及利亞、獅子山 和塞內加爾的醫院為病人做診斷

in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Senegal in early February.

Most states in the United States didn't have it until far later.

而美國大多數的州直到很晚才做

It tells us that we are all in this together,

這顯示了我們都是同在一艘船上

and we are all very much behind the curve.

而且我們落後得很遠

BG: So, this Sentinel system is amazing,

布：所以，這個「前哨」系統很棒

but I know that the question that's on everybody's mind is:

但我知道每個人對這個問題的想法是：

How is that playing into the here and now?

那它對我們當下的情況有什麼作用？

PS: You know, we describe Sentinel as a pandemic preemption system,

帕：我們之前將「前哨」 描述為全球疫情的預警系統

而目前，我們已經在大流行之中

and here we are in a pandemic.

But what's great is that, actually, the same tools you need

但最棒的是，實際上，

用來超前部屬

to preempt a pandemic

和用來因應疫情的工具是同一個

are the ones that you need to respond to one.

And so all of the technologies that we have laid out --

所以我們已經預備好的所有技術

the point-of-care testing, the multiplex testing,

包括定點照護檢測，多重測試

the discovery and tracking of the virus as it's changing,

發現並追蹤不斷變化的病毒

and the overlay of the mobile applications to dashboard --

以及將行動裝置 APP 資料 複製到控制板上等技術

are all critical.

都是至關重要的。

CH: For us, it is a war.

克：對我們來說，這是一場戰爭

We are basically committed for 24 hours' turnaround time

基本上我們朝著 24 小時內 得到結果的回應時間來努力

in order to give results,

and that requires for us to work around the clock nonstop.

這需要我們全天候不停地工作

So it's a pretty challenging moment.

因此，這是一個非常具有挑戰性的時刻

We are away from family.

我們被迫遠離家人

At least I have the privilege to see family today,

至少我被特許，今天可以見家人

and then I'm sure tomorrow I'm heading back in the trenches.

然後明天我還要重回這挑戰中

In my lab, we sequenced the first COVID-19 genome

我的實驗室在非洲大陸 首先定序了第一個 COVID-19 基因組

on the African continent,

and that really was done within 48 hours.

而且是在 48 小時內完成

This is revolutionary coming from Africa

這對於非洲大陸來說很具有革命性

and then making this information available for the global health community

我們把資料與全球公共衛生界分享

讓大家都能看到 非洲大陸的病毒長什麼樣子。

to see what the virus within Africa looks like.

I believe that with technologies and knowledge

我相信利用技術和知識

and then sharing information,

然後共享這些訊息

we can do better and then we can overcome.

我們可以做得更好，然後克服困境

PS: The whole idea of Sentinel

帕：建立「前哨」的想法

is that we all stand guard over each other.

就是我們都在彼此之間相互守護

We all watch.

我們都在留意

Each one of us is a sentinel.

我們每個人都是哨兵

Each one of us, being able to monitor what is making us sick,

我們每個人都能夠監控 是什麼讓我們生病

can share that with the rest of our community.

並分享給我們社群裡的其他成員

And I think that is what I profoundly want,

我認為我衷心希望的

is for us to all stand guard

是我們所有人都保持警惕

and watch over each other.

並互相看顧對方

[Dr. Pardis Sabeti and Dr. Christian Happi]

[帕迪斯·薩貝蒂和克里斯蒂安·哈皮博士]

[Ingenious scientists.

[獨創的科學家

Courageous partners.

有勇氣的伙伴

Global heroes.]

世界英雄]