Parasitic worms hold back human progress. Here's how we can end them | Ellen Agler

翻译人员: Jiasi Hao 校对人员: Wanting Zhong

These are worms.

这些是蠕虫。

不是那种在土里爬行的虫子，

Not the kind of worms you find crawling in the dirt.

These are parasitic roundworms.

而是寄生的蛔虫。

They live inside a human being's intestines.

它们居住在人体的肠道内。

Each of these worms can grow up to 12 inches long,

一条蛔虫可生长至 30 厘米长，

而这个瓶子里有 200 条蛔虫， 是有原因的：

and there are 200 of them in this jar for a reason,

because that is the number you might typically find

因为在一个被感染 的孩子的肚子里，

in the belly of a single infected child.

你通常可能会找到 这个数量的蛔虫。

Worm infections have been around for thousands of years.

蠕虫感染已经持续了几千年。

它们曾影响了战争的胜负，

They have influenced the outcomes of wars,

长久以来一直妨碍着人们的健康。

and they have long stymied human health.

蛔虫、钩虫、

Roundworm, hookworm,

whipworm, schistosomiasis:

鞭虫、血吸虫：

infections from these species cause pain and discomfort.

感染这些蠕虫 会导致疼痛和不适。

They steal nutrients and zap energy.

它们能偷走营养，损耗精力。

They stunt both physical and cognitive growth.

它们会阻碍身体和 认知能力的成长发育。

In most cases, these worms may not be fatal,

大多数情况下， 这些蠕虫可能不会致命，

but paradoxically, that's part of the problem.

但矛盾的是—— 这正是问题的一部分。

It means that many countries

这意味着很多国家

simply have not been able to prioritize their treatment.

不过是未能优先考虑 蠕虫感染的治疗。

There's a social cost to that:

这会造成社会成本：

children without access to deworming treatments

没能接受驱虫治疗的孩子

have lower rates of school attendance.

在学校里有较低出勤率。

Adults who grow up without deworming medicine

没有服用驱虫药物长大的成人

are less productive and have lower lifelong earnings.

效率较为低下， 终身收入也相对更低。

What intestinal worms do, really,

肠道蠕虫真正做的事

is limit potential.

就是限制人们的潜力。

Currently, there are 1.7 billion people in the world still at risk for worms.

当今世界上有 17 亿人 依旧暴露于蠕虫感染的危险中。

Six hundred million of them are in Africa.

其中 6 亿人在非洲。

For every dollar invested in worm control and prevention,

在蠕虫防控工作中 投入的每 1 美元

能让非洲国家获得 高达 42 美元的经济收益。

African countries see up to 42 dollars return in economic benefits.

The good news is that deworming treatment is extremely easy.

好消息是驱虫治疗很简单。

One to three pills given once or twice a year

每年 1-2 次，每次 1-3 片药，

is enough to take a child from 200 worms to zero

就足以让受感染的孩子体内的 蠕虫数量从 200 降至 0，

and to protect them from infection going forward.

并且保护他们未来也免受感染。

在蠕虫感染频发的社区，

In communities where there's a high prevalence of worms,

treatment can be done right at school.

这样的治疗可以直接在学校实行。

This process is extremely simple and fast.

这一过程极其简单且快速。

In Ethiopia, for example, this is done for 20 million children

例如在埃塞俄比亚， 这个治疗过程在几周内

in a matter of weeks.

就覆盖了 2 千万儿童。

The world has come a long way

世界在向需要的人

on getting deworming medicines to the people who need them,

并已经有了长足发展，

and African governments want to gain more traction.

而非洲各国政府 希望获得更多的关注。

It's now time to match their ambition.

现在是时候匹配上他们的雄心了。

The END Fund will work with governments

END 基金将会和政府部门协作

to create a plan that drastically reduces the burden of disease caused by worms.

来制定一个能够大大减少 蠕虫疾病负担的计划。

They’ll work together to ensure prevention and treatment programs

他们将会通力合作 以保证预防和治疗工作

can serve everyone.

能覆盖到每个人。

The END Fund has an audacious idea:

END 基金有一个大胆的想法：

他们相信我们这一代人 能够永远结束蠕虫感染的疾病。

they believe we are the generation to end sickness from worm infections forever.

The key is not simply to build new programs from scratch,

其中的关键并非只是 从零开始设计新的项目，

but to amplify the efforts of the programs that are already taking shape.

还要放大已经成型的项目的努力。

By examining the problem of how worms transmit disease,

通过研究蠕虫如何传播疾病，

the END Fund has identified five key areas where they can drive improvement.

END 基金已成功识别能够 推动进步的五大关键领域。

第一：降低治疗成本。

Number one: lower the cost of treatment.

Many pharmaceutical companies offer deworming medicines for free,

很多药企在免费提供驱虫药物，

so the END Fund works with the right partners

于是 END 基金会与 合适的合作伙伴

to coordinate their delivery.

协作进行药物递送。

They will continue to secure drug donations

他们会继续确保 为额外的高危人群

for additional at-risk populations.

提供药物捐赠。

They can now do it for less than 25 cents per child per year.

他们现在的成本能低到 每个儿童每年不到 25 美分。

第二：注重预防。

Number two: focus on prevention.

The END Fund calls in the right partners to educate communities

END 基金正号召合适的合作伙伴

对社区进行保洁与卫生教育，

on sanitation and hygiene

in order to change behaviors around things like hand-washing

以便改变某些行为，

例如洗手和茅厕使用，

and latrine use,

ensuring people are not continually reinfected.

保证人们不会持续被再感染。

Number three: invest in innovation.

第三：投资创新。

The END Fund has contributed to deworming

END 基金一直在通过引进能有效 针对并治疗人们的创新技术

by introducing innovative techniques that effectively target and treat people.

在驱虫方面做出贡献。

They will test new delivery methods,

他们会测试新的给药方式，

target the environments where parasites thrive

针对寄生虫猖狂繁殖的环境

影响人们去改变行为。

and influence behavior change.

Number four: monitor and evaluate.

第四：监测与评估。

The END Fund collects detailed data on all programs on a regular basis

END 基金会定期收集 所有项目的详细数据

to help them get better and better over time.

来帮助这些项目变得越来越好。

第五：增加当地自主性。

Number five: increase local ownership.

At all stages of the process,

在此过程的所有步骤中，

the END Fund works with government and local stakeholders

END 基金会与政府部门 和当地利益相关者合作，

to encourage cofinancing commitments that support deworming efforts.

来鼓励鼓励支持除虫工作 的共同筹资承诺。

They also worked with African philanthropists

他们也和非洲慈善家

and corporate leaders to partner on these efforts.

以及企业领袖合作进行驱虫。

There's an incredible opportunity to work together to create a new system

这是一个极佳的合作机会，

有利于人们共同为下个十年及未来的 疾病消除工作打造一个全新体系。

for disease elimination for the next decade and beyond.

Part of the money the END Fund needs

END 基金所需的部分资金

will go directly toward delivering deworming treatments

会直接用于为有需要的社区

提供驱虫治疗。

to communities that need it

and part will go towards facilitating the handover of programs

还有一部分则会用于

促进项目与当地负责人的交接。

to local ownership.

Together, these efforts will create prevention and treatment programs

这些工作加起来将会创造一个

that are sustainable far into the future.

可持续的长期防治项目。

If this plan gets fully funded for the next six years,

如果这个计划在未来六年 能得到充足的资金，

tens of millions of people will receive deworming treatment.

数千万的人们将会获得驱虫治疗。

With that, countries will be interrupting the cycle of disease transmission

这样一来， 各国将在各个层面上打破

at all levels,

疾病传播的周期，

and most importantly, people will experience significant improvements

最重要的是，人们将会在 身心和社会健康方面

in their mental, physical and social health.

体验到显著的进步。

Just imagine the potential that will be gained

试想一下，当人们不用再担心蠕虫，

when people can stop worrying about these

而是可以将精力投入到

and can put their energy into things like these.

工作和学习中时， 能获得多大的潜力。

(Students' overlapping voices)

（学生此起彼伏的声音）

（掌声与歌声）

(Clapping and singing)

(Cheering)

（喝彩）