Enough with the fear of fat | Kelli Jean Drinkwater

394,365 views ・ 2016-11-22

TED


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翻译人员: uzz li 校对人员: Yangyang Liu
00:12
I'm here today to talk to you about a very powerful little word,
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我来这里是为了和你们分享一个 并不起眼,却很有力量的词,
00:17
one that people will do almost anything
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人们为了避免它,
甚至愿意做任何事。
00:20
to avoid becoming.
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00:22
Billion-dollar industries thrive
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人们对它的恐惧
00:24
because of the fear of it,
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催生了数十亿美元的产业,
00:26
and those of us who undeniably are it
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我们中有些人拥有它,
00:29
are left to navigate a relentless storm
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并且不得不忍受
00:31
surrounding it.
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它为生活带来的巨大动荡。
我不知道你们有没有注意到,
00:34
I'm not sure if any of you have noticed,
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00:36
but I'm fat.
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我很胖。
00:39
Not the lowercase, muttered-behind-my-back kind,
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不是那种不明显的, 只让人在我背后咕哝的胖,
00:42
or the seemingly harmless chubby or cuddly.
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也不是那种看起来无害的乖胖,
甚至也不是那种神秘、性感的丰腴。
00:46
I'm not even the more sophisticated voluptuous or curvaceous kind.
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00:51
Let's not sugarcoat it.
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还是不要用任何冠冕堂皇的词了。
00:53
I am the capital F-A-T kind of fat.
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我就是那种显而易见的肥胖。
00:57
I am the elephant in the room.
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我就是屋子里那只显眼的大象。
当我走上舞台的时候,
01:02
When I walked out on stage,
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01:03
some of you may have been thinking,
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你们当中的一些人会想,
01:05
"Aww, this is going to be hilarious,
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“噢,这肯定会非常搞笑,
01:07
because everybody knows that fat people are funny."
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因为每个人都知道,胖子很搞笑。”
01:10
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:12
Or you may have been thinking, "Where does she get her confidence from?"
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你们也会想, “她这是哪里来的自信呀?”
01:16
Because a confident fat woman is almost unthinkable.
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因为一个自信的胖女人, 好像只是想象中的存在。
01:20
The fashion-conscious members of the audience
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部分有时尚感的听众,
可能已经意识到, 我穿这件 Beth Ditto 裙子
01:23
may have been thinking how fabulous I look
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01:25
in this Beth Ditto dress --
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非常美——
01:27
(Cheers)
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(欢呼声)
01:28
thank you very much.
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谢谢大家。
01:30
Whereas some of you might have thought,
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但你们其中也有一些人会想,
01:32
"Hmm, black would have been so much more slimming."
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“嗯,黑色会让她看起来瘦一点。”
(笑声)
01:35
(Laughter)
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01:36
You may have wondered, consciously or not,
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你也许会有意或无意的想,
01:38
if I have diabetes, or a partner,
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我可能有糖尿病, 或者我已经结婚了,
01:41
or if I eat carbs after 7pm.
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或者我7点以后还在吃零食。
(笑声)
01:44
(Laughter)
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01:45
You may have worried that you ate carbs after 7pm last night,
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你可能还担心自己, 因为你昨天七点以后吃了零食,
01:49
and that you really should renew your gym membership.
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你会感觉非常需要给健身卡续费。
01:53
These judgments are insidious.
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这些偏见都是无法避免的。
01:55
They can be directed at individuals and groups,
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他们可能产生于个人, 也可能产生于集体,
他们也可能产生于我们自己。
01:58
and they can also be directed at ourselves.
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02:01
And this way of thinking is known as fatphobia.
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这种思维方式统称为肥胖恐惧症。
02:05
Like any form of systematic oppression,
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就像社会中各种形式的 系统性的压制,
02:08
fatphobia is deeply rooted in complex structures
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肥胖恐惧症深深根植 在这复杂的社会结构中,
02:11
like capitalism, patriarchy and racism,
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就像资本主义、男权主义 和种族歧视,
这让它很难被意识到,
02:16
and that can make it really difficult to see,
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02:18
let alone challenge.
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更不用说要改变它了。
我们这个社会的文化,
02:21
We live in a culture
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02:22
where being fat is seen as being a bad person --
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告诉人们胖子都是坏人——
懒惰的,贪婪的, 不健康的,不负责任的人,
02:27
lazy, greedy, unhealthy, irresponsible
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甚至行为不良。
02:31
and morally suspect.
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02:33
And we tend to see thinness
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我们还普遍认为,
瘦是一种美德 —
02:35
as being universally good --
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负责任的,成功的,
02:38
responsible, successful,
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能够控制自己的胃口,身体和生活。
02:40
and in control of our appetites, bodies and lives.
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02:44
We see these ideas again and again
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我们一次又一次的
02:46
in the media, in public health policy,
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从媒体,医保政策和医院中
02:49
doctors' offices,
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被灌输这些想法,
甚至在每天的谈天以及
02:51
in everyday conversations
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02:53
and in our own attitudes.
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我们自己的想法中也屡见不鲜。
02:55
We may even blame fat people themselves
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我们还以貌取人,
02:58
for the discrimination they face
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责备那些肥胖的人,
03:00
because, after all, if we don't like it, we should just lose weight.
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毕竟,如果我们不喜欢肥胖, 我们只需要减肥,
非常简单。
03:05
Easy.
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03:07
This antifat bias has become so integral, so ingrained
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这反对肥胖的态度 在我们审视自己的过程中,
03:11
to how we value ourselves and each other
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越来越完整,越来越根深蒂固。
03:14
that we rarely question why we have such contempt for people of size
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我们很少会了解到, 我们能对人们的身材如此轻视,
03:20
and where that disdain comes from.
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甚至不知道这种鄙视来自哪里。
03:22
But we must question it,
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但我们需要质疑这种观念,
03:24
because the enormous value we place on how we look
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因为我们对我们的外表看的太重,
这影响了我们每一个人。
03:28
affects every one of us.
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我们真的想要这样的社会吗?
03:31
And do we really want to live in a society
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03:33
where people are denied their basic humanity
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人们对这种不理智的价值观极其买账,
03:36
if they don't subscribe to some arbitrary form of acceptable?
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却否认了最基本的人性。
03:42
So when I was six years old,
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当我六岁的时候,
03:43
my sister used to teach ballet to a bunch of little girls in our garage.
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我姐姐在我们家的车库里 教一群孩子芭蕾。
03:48
I was about a foot taller and a foot wider than most of the group.
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我大概比其他孩子 高一英尺,胖一英尺,
03:52
When it came to doing our first performance,
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当我们第一次表演的时候,
03:54
I was so excited about wearing a pretty pink tutu.
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我为能第一次穿上芭蕾舞裙 感到特别兴奋。
03:59
I was going to sparkle.
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我以为自己可以成为耀眼的明星。
04:02
As the other girls slipped easily into their Lycra and tulle creations,
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而当其他孩子轻松的穿上它们的时候,
04:06
not one of the tutus was big enough to fit me.
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没有一件芭蕾舞裙装得下我。
04:10
I was determined not to be excluded from the performance,
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我下决心一定要参加演出,
04:14
so I turned to my mother
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于是我对着妈妈,
04:17
and loud enough for everyone to hear
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用所有人能听到的音量说,
04:20
said, "Mom, I don't need a tutu.
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“妈妈,我不要正常码的(音似22),
04:24
I need a fourfour."
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我要一件大号的(音似44 )。”
04:26
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:29
Thanks, Mom.
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谢谢你,妈妈。
(掌声)
04:31
(Applause)
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04:34
And although I didn't recognize it at the time,
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尽管我当时并没意识到,
穿着大号舞裙在舞台上发光,
04:37
claiming space for myself in that glorious fourfour
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04:40
was the first step towards becoming a radical fat activist.
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是我成为积极肥胖演说家的第一步。
我不是说在那堂课上,
04:46
Now, I'm not saying that this whole body-love thing
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04:48
has been an easy skip along a glittering path of self-acceptance
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我突然就福至心灵的学会了接受
自己的身体,
04:53
since that day in class.
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04:54
Far from it.
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远远不是那样。
04:56
I soon learned that living outside what the mainstream considers normal
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我很快就从外界社会中, 了解到那让人感到绝望、孤独的
05:00
can be a frustrating and isolating place.
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主流价值观。
05:04
I've spent the last 20 years unpacking and deprogramming these messages,
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我用了二十年分析、理解这些偏见,
05:09
and it's been quite the roller coaster.
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心境也随之起起落落。
05:12
I've been openly laughed at, abused from passing cars
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我被公开的嘲笑过, 被过往车辆羞辱过,
05:16
and been told that I'm delusional.
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还被人质疑我有幻想症。
05:19
I also receive smiles from strangers
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但我也从陌生人那儿得到过微笑,
05:21
who recognize what it takes to walk down the street
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那些人知道我走这条路需要勇气,
05:24
with a spring in your step and your head held high.
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你需要昂首挺胸,充满活力。
05:27
(Cheer)
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(欢呼声)
05:28
Thanks.
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谢谢。
在这个过程中, 那个六岁时的勇敢时刻伴随着我,
05:30
And through it all, that fierce little six-year-old has stayed with me,
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它给了我,一个丝毫不愧疚的胖子
05:34
and she has helped me stand before you today
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站在你们面前的勇气,
05:37
as an unapologetic fat person,
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也让我成为了一个 拒接接受社会主流对于
05:40
a person that simply refuses to subscribe
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该如何运用
05:43
to the dominant narrative
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05:44
about how I should move through the world in this body of mine.
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我的身体的评价, 并为我的身体骄傲的女孩。
05:48
(Applause)
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(掌声)
05:56
And I'm not alone.
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我并不是孤军奋战。
05:58
I am part of an international community of people
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我是一个全球性组织中的一员,
06:01
who choose to, rather than passively accepting
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与其被动接受对自己身体的反感,
06:04
that our bodies are and probably always will be big,
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我们选择了对自己身体的态度,
06:08
we actively choose to flourish in these bodies as they are today.
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我们要在自己的身体里发光。
06:13
People who honor our strength and work with, not against,
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我们为自己的力量骄傲,
06:17
our perceived limitations,
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接受着,而并非挑战
06:19
people who value health
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身体给予我们的限制,
06:21
as something much more holistic
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比起BMI表上的一堆数字,
06:23
than a number on an outdated BMI chart.
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我们更加全面的对待健康。
相对比,我们认为心理健康、自我价值、 对待自己身体的态度,
06:27
Instead, we value mental health, self-worth and how we feel in our bodies
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是三件对于人生最重要的事情。
06:33
as vital aspects to our overall well-being.
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06:37
People who refuse to believe that living in these fat bodies
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我们拒绝认为肥胖是
06:40
is a barrier to anything, really.
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通向任何地方的壁垒。
06:45
There are doctors, academics and bloggers
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医生们,学者们,以及一些博主
06:48
who have written countless volumes
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针对不同方面,
06:50
on the many facets of this complex subject.
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写了很多关于这个复杂课题的文章。
06:54
There are fatshionistas who reclaim their bodies and their beauty
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有些时尚的肥胖明星宣传着 他们的美,他们的身体,
06:59
by wearing fatkinis and crop tops,
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穿着“肥基尼”和短款上衣,
07:02
exposing the flesh that we're all taught to hide.
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让那些本应躲藏的肥肉暴露出来。
07:06
There are fat athletes
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有一些肥胖的运动员,
07:07
who run marathons, teach yoga or do kickboxing,
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他们跑马拉松, 当瑜伽教练,打拳击,
07:11
all done with a middle finger firmly held up to the status quo.
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他们用行动向这种 社会理念竖起了中指。
07:17
And these people have taught me that radical body politics
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这些人教会了我激进身体政治活动,
是自我身体羞耻文化的疫苗。
07:21
is the antidote to our body-shaming culture.
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07:25
But to be clear, I'm not saying that people shouldn't change their bodies
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需要澄清的是,我并不是要劝说 那些认为需要健身塑性的人
07:30
if that's what they want to do.
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放弃这个想法。
07:32
Reclaiming yourself can be one of the most gorgeous acts of self-love
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改造你自己可能是自爱 最棒的表达方式,
07:36
and can look like a million different things,
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并且你有很多种方法,
07:39
from hairstyles to tattoos to body contouring
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从发型到纹身,到身体的轮廓,
07:43
to hormones to surgery and yes, even weight loss.
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激素调理或手术, 是的,甚至是减肥。
07:47
It's simple: it's your body,
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这很简单,这是你自己的身体,
07:49
and you decide what's best to do with it.
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由你来决定对自己做什么最好。
07:52
My way of engaging in activism
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我参与到这种激进主义的方法是,
07:55
is by doing all the things that we fatties aren't supposed to do,
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去做那些胖子不该做的事,
07:58
and there's a lot of them,
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这样的事有很多,
08:00
inviting other people to join me and then making art about it.
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我邀请人们加入, 然后一起创造艺术。
08:05
The common thread through most of this work
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我们绝大多数作品的主线是
08:07
has been reclaiming spaces that are often prohibitive to bigger bodies,
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开拓那些本不属于胖子的领域,
08:12
from the catwalk to club shows,
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从走天桥到夜总会表演,
08:15
from public swimming pools to prominent dance stages.
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从公共游泳池到显眼的舞台。
08:20
And reclaiming spaces en masse is not only a powerful artistic statement
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重新占领这些领域并不仅仅是 一个艺术家的声明,
08:25
but a radical community-building approach.
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也是一种建立社会的激进尝试。
你可以从“AQUAPORKO”感受到——
08:29
This was so true of "AQUAPORKO!" --
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08:31
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:33
the fat fem synchronized swim team
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一个胖女人组成的花式游泳队,
08:36
I started with a group of friends in Sydney.
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我和一群朋友在悉尼 建立起了这支队伍。
08:40
The impact of seeing a bunch of defiant fat women
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这群肆无忌惮的胖女人,
08:43
in flowery swimming caps and bathers
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穿着绚丽的游泳衣和游泳帽,
毫无顾忌地向空中踢腿,
08:46
throwing their legs in the air without a care
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08:48
should not be underestimated.
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她们的影响不容小觑。
08:53
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:56
Throughout my career, I have learned that fat bodies are inherently political,
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在我的职业生涯中,我意识到 肥胖的躯体有着天生的政治色彩,
而毫不愧疚的胖子们,
09:02
and unapologetic fat bodies
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09:04
can blow people's minds.
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可以让人们豁然开朗。
09:08
When director Kate Champion,
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当饱受赞扬的剧场Force Majeure的
09:10
of acclaimed dance theater company Force Majeure,
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导演Kate Champion
09:13
asked me to be the artistic associate
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邀请我去做艺术指导,
09:16
on a work featuring all fat dancers,
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指导一部描画肥胖的舞蹈作品,
09:19
I literally jumped at the opportunity.
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我紧紧把握住了这次机会。
09:23
And I mean literally.
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我是认真的。
09:26
"Nothing to Lose" is a work made in collaboration with performers of size
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“毫无畏惧”利用各个演员的体态
09:30
who drew from their lived experiences
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描述了他们的经历,
09:33
to create a work as varied and authentic as we all are.
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创造了一部像我们一样 多元的,真实的作品。
它与你能想象到的芭蕾表演很不同,
09:38
And it was as far from ballet as you could imagine.
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如此有名望的公司 创造这样一部作品的初衷,
09:42
The very idea of a fat dance work by such a prestigious company
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09:46
was, to put it mildly, controversial,
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简单来说就是,颠覆性的,
以前在世界各地从来没有这样的
09:51
because nothing like it had ever been done on mainstream dance stages before
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主流舞台作品。
09:56
anywhere in the world.
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09:59
People were skeptical.
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人们的态度充满质疑。
10:01
"What do you mean, 'fat dancers?'
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“肥胖的舞者是什么意思?”
10:05
Like, size 10, size 12 kind of fat?
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10码,12码的那种胖吗?
10:10
Where did they do their dance training?
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他们在哪里接受的舞蹈训练?
10:13
Are they going to have the stamina for a full-length production?"
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他们有那样的精力去完成一部 完整的表演吗?
10:18
But despite the skepticism,
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尽管有各种怀疑,
10:20
"Nothing to Lose" became a sellout hit of Sydney Festival.
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“毫无畏惧” 却在悉尼音乐节非常卖座。
10:24
We received rave reviews, toured,
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我们得到了热烈的赞美, 进行了巡演,
10:27
won awards and were written about in over 27 languages.
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拿了奖,我们的表演还被 翻译成27种语言进行报道。
10:31
These incredible images of our cast were seen worldwide.
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这些舞台照传遍了世界各地。
10:37
I've lost count of how many times people of all sizes
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我不记得有多少次, 各种体型的人们告诉我,
这个表演改变了他们的生活,
10:42
have told me that the show has changed their lives,
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改变了他们看待自己身体、
10:45
how it helped them shift their relationship
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他人身体的方式,
10:47
to their own and other people's bodies,
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10:49
and how it made them confront their own bias.
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让他们直视来自自己的偏见。
10:53
But of course, work that pushes people's buttons
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但当然了, 这样给人们以警醒的作品,
10:56
is not without its detractors.
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少不了贬低者。
10:59
I have been told that I'm glorifying obesity.
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我被形容为不健康饮食的宣传者,
11:03
I have received violent death threats
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我接受到过充满敌意的死亡威胁,
11:05
and abuse for daring to make work that centers fat people's bodies and lives
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被误解成做以胖子为中心,
11:11
and treats us as worthwhile human beings with valuable stories to tell.
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不顾及其他人有意义的生活的艺术。
我甚至还被称作
11:18
I've even been called
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11:19
"the ISIS of the obesity epidemic" --
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“不健康饮食恐怖主义者”——
11:22
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:24
a comment so absurd that it is funny.
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这个评论非常荒谬,很可笑。
但它也直接与那种恐慌,
11:28
But it also speaks to the panic,
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11:30
the literal terror,
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真实的恐惧对话,
11:32
that the fear of fat can evoke.
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人们对肥胖的恐惧正是由此产生。
11:35
It is this fear that's feeding the diet industry,
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就是这种恐惧滋养着减肥产业,
那些让我们厌恶自己身体的产业,
11:39
which is keeping so many of us from making peace with our own bodies,
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11:43
for waiting to be the after-photo
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还有那些不愿接受真正的自己
想要成为“疗效后”的人们。
11:46
before we truly start to live our lives.
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11:49
Because the real elephant in the room here is fatphobia.
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因为屋子里真正显眼的大象, 是肥胖恐惧者。
11:54
Fat activism refuses to indulge this fear.
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肥胖激进主义拒绝纵容这种恐惧。
11:58
By advocating for self-determination and respect for all of us,
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我们主张自我定义, 尊重所有人,
12:02
we can shift society's reluctance to embrace diversity
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我们可以让有抵触情绪的社会 去接受这样的多元化,
12:06
and start to celebrate the myriad ways there are to have a body.
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开始庆祝拥有身体的无数种形式。
12:12
Thank you.
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谢谢。
12:13
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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