How cults rewire the brain | Diane Benscoter

211,905 views ・ 2009-06-17

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翻译人员: Wang Qian 校对人员: Chaoran Yu
00:18
My journey to coming here today
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我今天所要谈的
00:22
started in 1974.
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是我从1974年开始即有的经验
00:24
That's me with the funny gloves.
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那个戴着奇怪手套的人就是我
00:27
I was 17 and going on a peace walk.
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那时我才17岁,我去参加和平示威游行
00:30
What I didn't know though, was most of those people, standing there
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当时我并不知道,我身旁的这些人
00:33
with me, were Moonies.
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大部份都是统一教的信徒
00:35
(Laughter)
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(笑)
00:39
And within a week
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不到一个礼拜
00:41
I had come to believe
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他们就说服我
00:43
that the second coming of Christ had occurred,
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耶稣已重返人间
00:46
that it was Sun Myung Moon,
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而文鲜明就是神祗的化身
00:48
and that I had been specially chosen and prepared by God
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我是上帝的选民
00:52
to be his disciple.
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我注定要追随文鲜明
00:54
Now as cool as that sounds,
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虽然听起来很酷
00:56
my family was not that thrilled with this.
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我的家人知道后却对此不大感冒
00:58
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:00
And they tried everything they could to get me out of there.
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他们想尽办法地使我脱离那个教派
01:02
There was an underground railroad of sorts
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在那个年代有一个秘密组织
01:04
that was going on during those years. Maybe some of you remember it.
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也许你们有些人还记得
01:07
They were called deprogrammers.
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那个组织里的人被称为"反洗脑者"
01:10
And after about five long years
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经过了漫长的五年
01:16
my family had me deprogrammed.
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我的家人终于成功地为我"反洗脑"了
01:18
And I then became a deprogrammer.
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而我自己也成为"反洗脑者"
01:23
I started going out on cases.
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我开始帮助被洗脑的当事人
01:25
And after about five years of doing this,
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在做了将近五年的反洗脑工作后
01:29
I was arrested for kidnapping.
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我因绑架罪名被逮捕
01:33
Most of the cases I went out on
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我辅导的大部份当事人
01:35
were called involuntary.
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并非自愿接受反洗脑的
01:37
What happened was that the family
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这些当事人的家人
01:39
had to get their loved ones some safe place somehow.
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得先为当事人找到安全的藏身地
01:42
And so they took them to some safe place.
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把他们安置在那里
01:46
And we would come in and talk to them, usually for about a week.
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然后我们再去辅导,通常需持续一个礼拜左右
01:49
And so after this happened,
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经过被警方逮捕的事件后
01:53
I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work.
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我决定不再从事这种工作
01:57
And about 20 years went by.
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又过了大约 20年
02:02
There was a burning question though that would not leave me.
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我脑中有个问题始终挥之不去
02:05
And that was, "How did this happen to me?"
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那就是:“我到底怎么了?”
02:08
And in fact, what did happen to my brain?
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或是说:“我的脑袋到底怎么了?”
02:11
Because something did.
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因为我的脑中的确产生了变化
02:14
And so I decided to write a book, a memoir,
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于是我决定要写一本回忆录
02:16
about this decade of my life.
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记录我人生中被洗脑和反洗脑的那十年
02:19
And toward the end of writing that book
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当我快把书写完的时候
02:21
there was a documentary that came out.
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有一部纪录片上映了
02:23
It was on Jonestown.
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是关于琼斯镇时间(70年代美国人民圣殿教集体自杀的发生地)
02:25
And it had a chilling effect on me.
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我看了以后不禁毛骨悚然
02:30
These are the dead in Jonestown.
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这些就是死于那次事件的人
02:33
About 900 people died that day,
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当天大约有900个人丧生
02:35
most of them taking their own lives.
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其中大部份都是自杀
02:38
Women gave poison to their babies,
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妇女将毒药喂给自己的小孩
02:42
and watched foam come from their mouths as they died.
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她们眼睁睁地看着儿童们口吐白沫而死
02:47
The top picture is a group of Moonies
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上面的照片是文鲜明(统一教)的信徒
02:50
that have been blessed by their messiah.
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他们受到了救世主文鲜明的祝福
02:53
Their mates were chosen for them.
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配偶也都由文鲜明挑选好了
02:56
The bottom picture is Hitler youth.
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下面的照片是信奉希特勒的青年军
03:00
This is the leg of a suicide bomber.
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这是一个人肉炸弹客的断腿
03:04
The thing I had to admit to myself,
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我很不愿意承认
03:06
with great repulsion,
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但又不得不承认的是
03:09
was that I get it.
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我了解这些人
03:11
I understand how this could happen.
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我了解他们为什么会这样
03:14
I understand how someone's brain,
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我懂他们的脑子
03:17
how someone's mind can come to the place
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我懂他们为什么会有那些想法
03:20
where it makes sense --
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而且我懂他们为什么会认为那些想法是对的
03:22
in fact it would be wrong, when your brain is working like that --
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事实上,当你陷入那种思考模式以后
03:25
not to try to save the world through genocide.
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你会认为大屠杀是为了拯救世人
03:31
And so what is this? How does this work?
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这到底是什么样的心态?它是如何形成的?
03:34
And how I've come to view what happened to me
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我又是如何看清一切
03:38
is a viral, memetic infection.
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我明白那其实是一种脑部中毒的现象
03:41
For those of you who aren't familiar with memetics,
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在座有些人可能不太清楚这概念
03:43
a meme has been defined as
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脑部中毒指的就是
03:45
an idea that replicates in the human brain
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一种想法在人脑中不断分裂复制
03:47
and moves from brain to brain like a virus,
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它会像病毒一样散播到别人的脑中
03:52
much like a virus. The way a virus works is --
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而就像病毒的运作方式一样
03:55
it can infect and do the most damage to someone
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会传染给他人并造成莫大伤害
04:00
who has a compromised immune system.
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抵抗力差的人更深受其害
04:04
In 1974, I was young, I was naive,
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1974年的我年轻又天真
04:08
and I was pretty lost in my world.
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我迷失在自己的世界里
04:10
I was really idealistic.
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且抱着过于理想主义的态度
04:13
These easy ideas to complex questions are very appealing
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统一教的思想直观,好似能解决人生之问,让人非常向往
04:17
when you are emotionally vulnerable.
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尤其那时的心灵又容易受人影响
04:20
What happens is that
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在这种状况下
04:23
circular logic takes over.
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思考逻辑如鬼打墙般走不出来
04:25
"Moon is one with God.
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我才会相信“文鲜明是上帝的化身”
04:27
God is going to fix all the problems in the world.
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“上帝会解决世间所有问题”
04:31
All I have to do is humbly follow.
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而我只要心悦诚服地追随他就好
04:33
Because God is going to stop war and hunger --
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因为上帝会阻止战争和饥饿
04:35
all these things I wanted to do --
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那也是我的理想
04:37
all I have to do is humbly follow.
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我只要心悦诚服的追随他就好
04:39
Because after all, God is [working through] the messiah. He's going to fix all this."
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他是上帝派来的救世主,有他便天下太平
04:42
It becomes impenetrable.
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这种想法渐渐根深柢固
04:45
And the most dangerous part of this
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而这种想法最可怕之处在于
04:48
is that is creates "us" and "them,"
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它造成了"我们"和"他们"的对立
04:51
"right" and "wrong,"
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"对"与"错"的对立
04:53
"good" and "evil."
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"正"与"邪"的对立
04:57
And it makes anything possible,
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这让人什么事都做得出来
05:01
makes anything rationalizable.
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一切的行为都被合理化
05:08
And the thing is, though,
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但是
05:10
if you looked at my brain
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如果当时有办法一窥我的脑部
05:12
during those years in the Moonies --
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在我信奉统一教的那几年里
05:14
neuroscience is expanding exponentially,
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不像现在有快速发展的神经科学
05:17
as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. Science is expanding.
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正如雷·库兹韦尔昨天所说-科学正不断进步
05:19
We're beginning to look inside the brain.
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现在我们开始窥探人脑是如何运作的
05:22
And so if you looked at my brain, or any brain that's infected with
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所以如果当时有办法一窥我的脑部
05:24
a viral memetic infection like this,
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或是将任何如这样思想中毒的脑子
05:27
and compared it to anyone in this room,
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和在座任何人的脑子两相比较
05:29
or anyone who uses critical thinking on a regular basis,
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或是和习惯批判性思考的人脑做比较的话
05:31
I am convinced it would look very, very different.
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我相信两种脑子看起来一定非常不同
05:36
And that, strange as it may sound,
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在座各位或许会觉得我这么说很奇怪
05:39
gives me hope.
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但这件事给了我希望
05:41
And the reason that gives me hope
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我有了希望是因为
05:43
is that the first thing is to admit
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我们做到了解决问题的第一步
05:46
that we have a problem.
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那就是:承认这个问题的确存在
05:49
But it's a human problem. It's a scientific problem, if you will.
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但这是个人的问题,或者说是科学的问题
05:52
It happens in the human brain. There is no evil force out there to get us.
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它存在于我们的脑中,并非是外来的邪恶力量要害我们
05:56
And so this is something that, through research and education,
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所以透过研究和教育
06:00
I believe that we can solve.
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我相信这个问题是可以解决的
06:03
And so the first step is to realize
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而解决此问题的第一步
06:11
that we can do this together,
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就是明白我们需要一起努力
06:13
and that there is no "us" and "them."
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不分彼此,永不对立
06:16
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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谢谢大家 (掌声)
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