How cults rewire the brain | Diane Benscoter

212,392 views ใƒป 2009-06-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ran Amitay ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ameer kh
00:18
My journey to coming here today
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ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื
00:22
started in 1974.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘1974.
00:24
That's me with the funny gloves.
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ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืขื ื”ื›ืคืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช.
00:27
I was 17 and going on a peace walk.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 17 ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœ"ืฆืขื“ืช ืฉืœื•ื".
00:30
What I didn't know though, was most of those people, standing there
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ
00:33
with me, were Moonies.
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ืื™ืชื™, ื”ื™ื• "ืžื•ื ื™ื–" (ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“)
00:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:39
And within a week
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข
00:41
I had come to believe
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
00:43
that the second coming of Christ had occurred,
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื• ืื›ืŸ ืงืจืชื”.
00:46
that it was Sun Myung Moon,
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื•ืŸ,
00:48
and that I had been specially chosen and prepared by God
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื•ื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืข"ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
00:52
to be his disciple.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื•.
00:54
Now as cool as that sounds,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื’ื ื™ื‘,
00:56
my family was not that thrilled with this.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืžื–ื”.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:00
And they tried everything they could to get me out of there.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžืฉื.
01:02
There was an underground railroad of sorts
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืฉืช ืžื—ืชืจืชื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช
01:04
that was going on during those years. Maybe some of you remember it.
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ืฉืคืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืงื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ืืช.
01:07
They were called deprogrammers.
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ื”ื ื ืงืจืื• "ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™-ืชื›ื ื•ืช".
01:10
And after about five long years
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
01:16
my family had me deprogrammed.
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ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
01:18
And I then became a deprogrammer.
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ื•ืื– ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช-ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
01:23
I started going out on cases.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื.
01:25
And after about five years of doing this,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื›5 ืฉื ื™ื
01:29
I was arrested for kidnapping.
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ื ืขืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ืืฉืžืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคื”.
01:33
Most of the cases I went out on
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื
01:35
were called involuntary.
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ื ืงืจืื• 'ืœืœื-ื”ืกื›ืžื”'.
01:37
What happened was that the family
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ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
01:39
had to get their loved ones some safe place somehow.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
01:42
And so they took them to some safe place.
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ืื– ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
01:46
And we would come in and talk to them, usually for about a week.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื“"ื›.
01:49
And so after this happened,
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ื•ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ
01:53
I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
01:57
And about 20 years went by.
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ื•ื›20 ืฉื ื” ื—ืœืคื• ื‘ื™ืขืฃ.
02:02
There was a burning question though that would not leave me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืืจื” ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ืฉืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœื™.
02:05
And that was, "How did this happen to me?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื”: ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™?
02:08
And in fact, what did happen to my brain?
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืจื” ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™?
02:11
Because something did.
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ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืจื”.
02:14
And so I decided to write a book, a memoir,
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ, ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:16
about this decade of my life.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™.
02:19
And toward the end of writing that book
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ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
02:21
there was a documentary that came out.
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ื™ืฆื ืกืจื˜ ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™.
02:23
It was on Jonestown.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ.
02:25
And it had a chilling effect on me.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืคืงื˜ ืžืฆืžืจืจ ืขืœื™ื™.
02:30
These are the dead in Jonestown.
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ืืœื” ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ.
02:33
About 900 people died that day,
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ื‘ืขืจืš 900 ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื.
02:35
most of them taking their own lives.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•.
02:38
Women gave poison to their babies,
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ื ืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืจืขืœ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
02:42
and watched foam come from their mouths as they died.
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ื•ืฆืคื• ื‘ืงืฆืฃ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืคื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื•.
02:47
The top picture is a group of Moonies
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื™ื–
02:50
that have been blessed by their messiah.
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ืฉื‘ื•ืจื›ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื”ื.
02:53
Their mates were chosen for them.
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ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
02:56
The bottom picture is Hitler youth.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจืื™.
03:00
This is the leg of a suicide bomber.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืžืชืื‘ื“.
03:04
The thing I had to admit to myself,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœืขืฆืžื™,
03:06
with great repulsion,
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ืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืงืฉื”,
03:09
was that I get it.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
03:11
I understand how this could happen.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
03:14
I understand how someone's brain,
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ืื™ืš ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
03:17
how someone's mind can come to the place
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื
03:20
where it makes sense --
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ืฉื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
03:22
in fact it would be wrong, when your brain is working like that --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™, ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืš,
03:25
not to try to save the world through genocide.
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ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื˜ื‘ื—-ืขื.
03:31
And so what is this? How does this work?
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ื•ืื– ืžื” ื–ื”? ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
03:34
And how I've come to view what happened to me
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™
03:38
is a viral, memetic infection.
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ื›ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™.
03:41
For those of you who aren't familiar with memetics,
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ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
03:43
a meme has been defined as
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ืžื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ
03:45
an idea that replicates in the human brain
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ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืคืœ ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:47
and moves from brain to brain like a virus,
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ื— ืœืžื•ื— ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
03:52
much like a virus. The way a virus works is --
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ื“ื™ื™ ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก. ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ --
03:55
it can infect and do the most damage to someone
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•
04:00
who has a compromised immune system.
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ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืคื’ื•ืขื”.
04:04
In 1974, I was young, I was naive,
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ื‘1974 ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืื™ื‘ื™ืช,
04:08
and I was pretty lost in my world.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ื™ ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™.
04:10
I was really idealistic.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
04:13
These easy ideas to complex questions are very appealing
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื
04:17
when you are emotionally vulnerable.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืคื’ื™ืข ืจื’ืฉื™ืช.
04:20
What happens is that
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื–ื”
04:23
circular logic takes over.
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืžืฉืชืœื˜.
04:25
"Moon is one with God.
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"ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
04:27
God is going to fix all the problems in the world.
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"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:31
All I have to do is humbly follow.
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ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”.
04:33
Because God is going to stop war and hunger --
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ื›ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ืจืขื‘ --
04:35
all these things I wanted to do --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
04:37
all I have to do is humbly follow.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”.
04:39
Because after all, God is [working through] the messiah. He's going to fix all this."
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”."
04:42
It becomes impenetrable.
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ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื“ื™ืจ.
04:45
And the most dangerous part of this
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื”
04:48
is that is creates "us" and "them,"
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ "ืื ื—ื ื•" ื• "ื”ื",
04:51
"right" and "wrong,"
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"ื ื›ื•ืŸ" ื• "ืฉื’ื•ื™",
04:53
"good" and "evil."
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"ื˜ื•ื‘" ื•"ืจืข".
04:57
And it makes anything possible,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
05:01
makes anything rationalizable.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
05:08
And the thing is, though,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืื•ืœื,
05:10
if you looked at my brain
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™
05:12
during those years in the Moonies --
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื– --
05:14
neuroscience is expanding exponentially,
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ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™,
05:17
as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. Science is expanding.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืžืจ ืืชืžื•ืœ. ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืชืจื—ื‘.
05:19
We're beginning to look inside the brain.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—.
05:22
And so if you looked at my brain, or any brain that's infected with
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ืื– ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™, ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ื— ืื—ืจ ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื•ืข
05:24
a viral memetic infection like this,
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ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื›ื–ื”,
05:27
and compared it to anyone in this room,
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ื•ืชืฉื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืคื”,
05:29
or anyone who uses critical thinking on a regular basis,
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
05:31
I am convinced it would look very, very different.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”.
05:36
And that, strange as it may sound,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ,
05:39
gives me hope.
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ืžืคื™ื— ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
05:41
And the reason that gives me hope
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื–ื” ืžืคื™ื— ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”
05:43
is that the first thing is to admit
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช
05:46
that we have a problem.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
05:49
But it's a human problem. It's a scientific problem, if you will.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
05:52
It happens in the human brain. There is no evil force out there to get us.
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ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื›ื— ืจืฉืข ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•.
05:56
And so this is something that, through research and education,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืืฉืจ, ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
06:00
I believe that we can solve.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ.
06:03
And so the first step is to realize
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
06:11
that we can do this together,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
06:13
and that there is no "us" and "them."
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ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ "ืื ื—ื ื•" ื• "ื”ื".
06:16
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. (ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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