How cults rewire the brain | Diane Benscoter

212,392 views ・ 2009-06-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Wonjae Lee κ²€ν† : Seah Kang
00:18
My journey to coming here today
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μ œκ°€ 였늘 여기에 μ„œκΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
00:22
started in 1974.
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1974년에 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
That's me with the funny gloves.
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이 μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ 우슀운 μž₯갑을 끼고 μžˆλŠ” μ†Œλ…€κ°€ μ €μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
I was 17 and going on a peace walk.
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평화 μ‹œμœ„μ— μ°Έκ°€ν•œ 17μ‚΄ μ†Œλ…€μ˜€μ£ .
00:30
What I didn't know though, was most of those people, standing there
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κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ” μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 여기에 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ„œ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„
00:33
with me, were Moonies.
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톡일ꡐ κ΅λ„λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:39
And within a week
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그리고 일주일 μ•ˆμ—
00:41
I had come to believe
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 두 번째 κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€λ„κ°€ κ°•λ¦Όν–ˆκ³ ,
00:43
that the second coming of Christ had occurred,
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κ·Έ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€λ„κ°€ λ¬Έμ„ λͺ…이며,
00:46
that it was Sun Myung Moon,
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μ œκ°€ λ¬Έμ„ λͺ…μ˜ 제자둜 μ‹ μ—κ²Œ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ„ νƒλ˜μ–΄
00:48
and that I had been specially chosen and prepared by God
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그의 κ³„νš μ•ˆμ— μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을
00:52
to be his disciple.
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믿게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Now as cool as that sounds,
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λ“£κΈ°μ—λŠ” λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
00:56
my family was not that thrilled with this.
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제 가쑱듀은 그닀지 λ‹¬κ°€μ›Œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:00
And they tried everything they could to get me out of there.
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그리고 가쑱듀은 μ €λ₯Ό κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ λΉΌλ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜¨κ°– λ…Έλ ₯을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
There was an underground railroad of sorts
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆμ—λŠ” μ‚¬μ΄λΉ„μ’…κ΅μ—μ„œ λΉ μ Έ λ‚˜μ˜€λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ”
01:04
that was going on during those years. Maybe some of you remember it.
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비밀쑰직이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ‡λͺ‡ 뢄듀은 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
They were called deprogrammers.
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그듀은 재ꡐ윑자(Deprogrammer, μ’…κ΅μ—μ„œ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜μ˜€λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ)라고 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And after about five long years
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5λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” κΈ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό
01:16
my family had me deprogrammed.
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제 가쑱듀은 μ €λ₯Ό ν†΅μΌκ΅μ—μ„œ λΉΌλ‚΄λŠ” 데 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
And I then became a deprogrammer.
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κ·Έ λ’€ μ €λŠ” μž¬κ΅μœ‘μžκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
I started going out on cases.
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μ €λŠ” (사이비쒅ꡐ에 빠진) λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μž¬κ΅μœ‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
And after about five years of doing this,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 5λ…„ μ •λ„μ˜ 재ꡐ윑 쀑에
01:29
I was arrested for kidnapping.
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μ €λŠ” λ‚©μΉ˜ν˜μ˜λ‘œ κ΅¬μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Most of the cases I went out on
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μ œκ°€ μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆλ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž¬κ΅μœ‘μ€
01:35
were called involuntary.
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κ°•μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
What happened was that the family
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 가쑱듀은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œλΌλ„
01:39
had to get their loved ones some safe place somehow.
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(사이비쒅ꡐ에 빠진) 가쑱원을 μ–΄λ”˜κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳으둜 데렀와야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
And so they took them to some safe place.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 가쑱원을 (κ°•μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ) μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳으둜 데렀온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
And we would come in and talk to them, usually for about a week.
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그러면 μž¬κ΅μœ‘μžκ°€ μ™€μ„œ κ·Έ 가쑱원과 ν•œ μ£Ό 정도에 κ±Έμ³μ„œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κ³€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
And so after this happened,
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μ œκ°€ κ΅¬μ†λœ ν›„
01:53
I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work.
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μ €λŠ” μž¬κ΅μœ‘μ„ κ·Έλ§Œλ‘λŠ” 게 μ’‹κ² λ‹€κ³  κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And about 20 years went by.
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κ·Έ ν›„ 20λ…„ 정도 μ§€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
There was a burning question though that would not leave me.
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κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ 머리 속을 λ§΄λ„λŠ” ν•œ 가지 의문이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
And that was, "How did this happen to me?"
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그것은 "μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 일이 λ‚΄κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ„κΉŒ?" μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
And in fact, what did happen to my brain?
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μš”μ»¨λŒ€, λ‚΄ λ‡Œμ— 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒ?
02:11
Because something did.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ λΆ„λͺ… μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
And so I decided to write a book, a memoir,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 제 μƒμ˜ 이 10년에 λŒ€ν•œ
02:16
about this decade of my life.
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νšŒκ³ λ‘μ„ μ“°κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
And toward the end of writing that book
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집필이 끝날 무렡에
02:21
there was a documentary that came out.
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ν•œ λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
It was on Jonestown.
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μ‘΄μŠ€νƒ€μš΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And it had a chilling effect on me.
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μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ†Œλ¦„ λΌμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
These are the dead in Jonestown.
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μ‘΄μŠ€νƒ€μš΄μ˜ μ‚¬λ§μžλ“€ μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
About 900 people died that day,
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κ·Έ λ‚  μ•½ 900λͺ…이 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
most of them taking their own lives.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Women gave poison to their babies,
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μ—¬μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 독을 먹이고,
02:42
and watched foam come from their mouths as they died.
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아이듀이 μž…μ— κ±°ν’ˆμ„ λ¬Όκ³  μ£½μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
The top picture is a group of Moonies
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μœ„ 사진은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ©”μ‹œμ•„μ—κ²Œ
02:50
that have been blessed by their messiah.
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은총을 λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” 톡일ꡐ κ΅μΈλ“€μ˜ μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Their mates were chosen for them.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°°μš°μžλŠ” κ΅λ‹¨μ—μ„œ κ²°μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
The bottom picture is Hitler youth.
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μ•„λž˜ 사진은 νžˆν‹€λŸ¬ μœ κ²νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
This is the leg of a suicide bomber.
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μžμ‚΄ ν…ŒλŸ¬λ²”μ˜ 닀리 μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
The thing I had to admit to myself,
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큰 거뢀감에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:06
with great repulsion,
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제 μžμ‹ μ΄ 인정해야 ν–ˆλ˜ 것은
03:09
was that I get it.
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이λ₯Ό 이해할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
I understand how this could happen.
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μ €λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
I understand how someone's brain,
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μ €λŠ” μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
how someone's mind can come to the place
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λŒ€λŸ‰ν•™μ‚΄μ„ 톡해
03:20
where it makes sense --
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세상을 κ΅¬ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
03:22
in fact it would be wrong, when your brain is working like that --
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생각을 ν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ
03:25
not to try to save the world through genocide.
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ„Έλ‡Œλ  수 μžˆλŠ” 지 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
And so what is this? How does this work?
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μ΄λŠ” λŒ€μ²΄ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 일이 λ°œμƒν• κΉŒμš”?
03:34
And how I've come to view what happened to me
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제 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 일은
03:38
is a viral, memetic infection.
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밈 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ κ°μ—Όμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
For those of you who aren't familiar with memetics,
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λ°ˆμ„ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μžλ©΄,
03:43
a meme has been defined as
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λ°ˆμ€ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ
03:45
an idea that replicates in the human brain
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‡Œμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‡Œλ‘œ λ³΅μ œλ˜λŠ”
03:47
and moves from brain to brain like a virus,
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아이디어(생각)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
much like a virus. The way a virus works is --
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ”
03:55
it can infect and do the most damage to someone
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μ•½ν•œ 면역체계λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ„
04:00
who has a compromised immune system.
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κ°μ—Όμ‹œμΌœ 큰 ν•΄λ₯Ό λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
In 1974, I was young, I was naive,
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1974λ…„μ˜ μ €λŠ” 어리고 μˆœμ§„ν•΄μ„œ,
04:08
and I was pretty lost in my world.
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제 μžμ‹ μ˜ 세상 속에 λΉ μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
I was really idealistic.
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ μ΄μƒμ£Όμ˜μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
These easy ideas to complex questions are very appealing
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 생각듀은
04:17
when you are emotionally vulnerable.
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κ°μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ ꡉμž₯ν•œ ν˜Έμ†Œλ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
What happens is that
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μ‹€μ œλ‘ 
04:23
circular logic takes over.
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μˆœν™˜ 논리에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
"Moon is one with God.
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"λ¬Έμ„ λͺ…은 μ‹ κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
God is going to fix all the problems in the world.
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신은 μ„Έμƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
All I have to do is humbly follow.
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μ œκ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 κ²Έν—ˆνžˆ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Because God is going to stop war and hunger --
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신은 μ „μŸκ³Ό κΈ°μ•„λ₯Ό λ©ˆμΆ”κ²Œ ν•  것이며 --
04:35
all these things I wanted to do --
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μ œκ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ‹€ν˜„ν•΄μ£Όμ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
all I have to do is humbly follow.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έμ € κ²Έν—ˆνžˆ λ”°λ₯Ό λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Because after all, God is [working through] the messiah. He's going to fix all this."
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ²°κ΅­ μ‹ κ»˜μ„œλŠ” ꡬ세주λ₯Ό 톡해 λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν•΄κ²°ν•  것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:42
It becomes impenetrable.
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이런 λ―ΏμŒμ€ μ™„κ³ ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
And the most dangerous part of this
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 점은
04:48
is that is creates "us" and "them,"
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"우리"와 "κ·Έλ“€"을 λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
04:51
"right" and "wrong,"
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"옳음"κ³Ό "그름"을 λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
04:53
"good" and "evil."
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"μ„ "κ³Ό "μ•…"을 λ‚˜λˆˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
And it makes anything possible,
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μ΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
makes anything rationalizable.
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이라도 합리화할 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
And the thing is, though,
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μš”μ»¨λŒ€,
05:10
if you looked at my brain
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ ν†΅μΌκ΅λ„μ˜€λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆμ˜
05:12
during those years in the Moonies --
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제 λ‡Œλ₯Ό 보신닀면
05:14
neuroscience is expanding exponentially,
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μ–΄μ œ 레이 μ»€μ¦ˆμ™€μΌμ΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
05:17
as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. Science is expanding.
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λ‡Œμ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μ€ λΉ„μ•½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 과학은 λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
We're beginning to look inside the brain.
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과학은 λ‡Œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” 지 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
And so if you looked at my brain, or any brain that's infected with
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μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ 제 λ‡Œμ™€ 같이
05:24
a viral memetic infection like this,
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밈 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ— κ°μ—Όλœ λ‡Œλ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ©΄,
05:27
and compared it to anyone in this room,
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό 같이
05:29
or anyone who uses critical thinking on a regular basis,
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μΌμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ
05:31
I am convinced it would look very, very different.
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λΉ„νŒμ  사고λ₯Ό μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‡Œμ™€ 맀우 λ‹€λ₯Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
And that, strange as it may sound,
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴지 λͺ°λΌλ„,
05:39
gives me hope.
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μ΄λŠ” μ €μ—κ²Œ 희망을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
And the reason that gives me hope
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μ €μ—κ²Œ 희망을 μ£ΌλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:43
is that the first thing is to admit
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(문제 해결을 μœ„ν•΄) κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일은
05:46
that we have a problem.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
But it's a human problem. It's a scientific problem, if you will.
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μ΄λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄μ°Œ 보면 κ³Όν•™μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
It happens in the human brain. There is no evil force out there to get us.
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μ΄λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ΄μ§€, μ•…λ§ˆμ— μ˜ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
And so this is something that, through research and education,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 연ꡬ와 κ΅μœ‘μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
06:00
I believe that we can solve.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 문제라 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
And so the first step is to realize
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(문제 해결을 μœ„ν•œ) 첫 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ”
06:11
that we can do this together,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 문제 해결에 동참할 수 있으며
06:13
and that there is no "us" and "them."
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"우리"와 "κ·Έλ“€"을 λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” κ²½κ³„λŠ” μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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