Paul Conneally: Digital humanitarianism

翻译人员: Kim Wang 校对人员: Guo Tang

The humanitarian model has barely changed

人道主义的模型自从20世纪初期

since the early 20th century.

就几乎没有改变过

Its origins are firmly rooted

它的起源在模拟时代就根深蒂固了

in the analog age.

它的起源在模拟时代就根深蒂固了

And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.

海平线即将发生重大的改变

The catalyst for this change

这个的催化剂是

was the major earthquake that struck Haiti

发生在2010年1月12日的海地地震

on the 12th of January in 2010.

加快了海平线的变化

Haiti was a game changer.

海地地震改变了环境的规则

The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,

这次地震摧毁了海地首都太子港

claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,

导致32万人丧生

rendering homeless

120万人

about 1.2 million people.

无家可归

Government institutions were completely decapitated,

政府机构包括总统府均已倒塌

including the presidential palace.

政府机构包括总统府均已倒塌

I remember standing

我记得

on the roof of the Ministry of Justice

我站在太子港市中心司法部大楼的屋顶

in downtown Port-au-Prince.

站在太子港市中心司法部大楼的屋顶

It was about two meters high,

屋顶大概有2米高

completely squashed

已经被地震彻底粉碎

by the violence of the earthquake.

已经被地震彻底粉碎

For those of us on the ground in those early days,

对于我们这些地震后早期达到现场的人来说

it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans

很显然对于那些救灾老手来说

that Haiti was something different.

海地的情况有所不同

Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.

海地的情况是我们未曾见过的

But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.

但海地也为我们提供了前所未有的经验

Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future

海地让我们了解到

of what disaster response might look like

人们在未来高度相连的世界里

in a hyper-connected world

如何应对灾难

where people have access

去帮助他们逃离灾难

to mobile smart devices.

去帮助他们逃离灾难

Because out of the urban devastation

由于城市之外的

in Port-au-Prince

太子港被摧毁

came a torrent of SMS texts --

大量的手机发出短信--

people crying for help,

人们呼救，

beseeching us for assistance,

寻求帮助

sharing data, offering support,

分享信息，提供支持

looking for their loved ones.

寻找他们爱的人

This was a situation

这种情况

that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.

是传统的救援机构未曾遇到的

We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,

我们身处全世界最贫穷的国家之一

but 80 percent of the people

但是80%的人都拥有手机

had mobile devices in their hands.

但是80%的人都拥有手机

And we were unprepared for this,

我们没有预料到

and they were shaping the aid effort.

他们塑造了援助工作的模式

Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.

海地之外，情况也不一样

Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers

成千上万所谓的“数码志愿者”

were scouring the Internet,

在网络上搜寻

converting tweets

将短信信息

that had already been converted from texts

转换成推特（微博）信息

and putting these into open-source maps,

然后放到开放资源的地图上

layering them with all sorts of important information --

把它们和其他各种重要信息结合--

people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --

这些人就如同危机地图和公开街道地图的绘图者--

and putting these on the Web for everybody --

然后把这些信息放在网上供大家--

the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --

包括媒体，救援组织和社会群体本身

to participate in and to use.

让大家参与使用

Back in Haiti,

在海地，

people were increasingly turning

人民越来越倾向

to the medium of SMS.

使用短信

People that were hungry and hurting

那些饥饿和受伤的人们

were signaling their distress,

发出遇难的信号

were signaling their need for help.

发出求救的信号

On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,

在太子港的街道边

entrepreneurs sprung up

涌现出很多创业者

offering mobile phone charging stations.

提供手机充电站

They understood more than we did

他们比我们更懂得

people's innate need

人与生俱来的

to be connected.

互相连接的需要

Never having been confronted

我们从未遇到过

with this type of situation before,

此类情况，

we wanted to try and understand

我们想努力了解

how we could tap into this incredible resource,

如何利用这些令人难以置信的信息资源

how we could really leverage

我们该如何利用

this incredible use of mobile technology

这令人难以置信的手机技术

and SMS technology.

和短信技术

We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilà,

我们开始于一个当地的电信运营商Viola对话

which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.

它是Trilogy International(电信运营商) 的一个分公司

We had basically three requirements.

我们有三个基本要求

We wanted to communicate

我们希望以双方交流的方式

in a two-way form of communication.

进行交流

We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.

我们不想只是呼吁，我们需要倾听

We wanted to be able to target

我们希望瞄准

specific geographic communities.

特定地理区域

We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.

我们不需要同时面向全国

And we wanted it to be easy to use.

我们希望它易于使用

Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation

从海地这片破坏的废墟瓦砾中

came something that we call TERA --

得到一种我们称之为"塔拉"(TERA)的东西-

the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --

即紧急应变程序--

which has been used to support the aid effort

从海地之后

ever since.

已经被应用到救援中

It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.

它已经被用来帮助社区的灾前准备

It has been used to signal early warning

他也被用来提前发布气象灾难预警

in advance of weather-related disasters.

他也被用来提前发布气象灾难预警

It's used for public health awareness campaigns

他被用作公共健康宣传活动

such as the prevention of cholera.

例如霍乱的预防

And it is even used for sensitive issues

它甚至还被用作一些敏感事件

such as building awareness

例如建立

around gender-based violence.

对性暴力的认知

But does it work?

但是，它有效吗

We have just published

我们刚刚发布了

an evaluation of this program,

对这个项目的评估

and the evidence that is there for all to see

所有证据显示

is quite remarkable.

效果非常显著

Some 74 percent of people

74%的人

received the data.

收到讯息

Those who were intended to receive the data,

那些预设的接收者中

74 percent of them received it.

有74%的人收到讯息

96 percent of them

其中96%的人

found it useful.

认为有用

83 percent of them took action --

83%的人采取行动

evidence that it is indeed empowering.

证实确有扩大影响力

And 73 percent of them shared it.

73%的人会分享信息

The TERA system

TERA系统

was developed from Haiti

在当地工程师的协助下

with support of engineers in the region.

创建于海地

It is a user-appropriate technology

这是一个适合用户的技术

that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.

它已被用于人道主义救援并产生很好的效果

Technology is transformational.

科技在变革

Right across the developing world,

整个发展中国家

citizens and communities

居民和社会

are using technology

都在利用科技

to enable them to bring about change, positive change,

给社会带来的好处

in their own communities.

在他们的环境中

The grassroots has been strengthened

通过社会力量的分享

through the social power of sharing

强化了基层的力量

and they are challenging the old models,

他们正在挑战旧的模式

the old analog models

旧的控制和命令的

of control and command.

模拟模式

One illustration of the transformational power of technology

一个与科技改革力量有关的例子

is in Kibera.

发生在基贝拉

Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.

基贝拉是非洲最大的贫民窟之一

It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,

位于肯亚首都

the capital city of Kenya.

内罗毕郊区

It's home to an unknown number of people --

这里居住的人口数目不详--

some say between 250,000

有人说大约25万到120万人之间

and 1.2 million.

有人说大约25万到120万人之间

If you were to arrive in Nairobi today

如果现在你到了内罗毕

and pick up a tourist map,

在旅游地图上你会看到

Kibera is represented

基贝拉是

as a lush, green national park

丰富的，绿色的国家公园的代表

devoid of human settlement.

很少有人居住在那里

Young people living in Kibera

住在基贝拉的年轻人

in their community,

在他们的社区中，

with simple handheld devices,

都有一些简单的手提设备

GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,

全球定位系统和手机

have literally put themselves on the map.

都准确地定位了他们的位置

They have collated crowd-sourced data

他们比较了许多数据资料

and rendered the invisible visible.

也帮助了迷失的人们找到方向

People like Josh and Steve

一些人像乔希和史蒂夫

are continuing to layer information upon information,

不断地收集最新的资料消息

real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps

然后把他们放在电子地图上

for all to use.

让大家都了解到最新情报

You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.

你可以找到最新的即兴音乐会

You can find out about the latest security incident.

最新的安全事故

You can find out about places of worship.

做礼拜的场所

You can find out about the health centers.

和保健中心

You can feel the dynamism

你可以感受到社区的

of this living, breathing community.

活力四射

They also have their own news network on YouTube

在YouTube(视频网站)上 他们还有自己的新闻联播

with 36,000 viewers at the moment.

至今已有36000个观众

They're showing us what can be done

他们向我们展示了利用

with mobile, digital technologies.

移动通信，数码科技能做哪些事情

They're showing that the magic of technology

他们向我们展示科学技术的魔力，

can bring the invisible visible.

将无形变为有形的魔力

And they are giving a voice to themselves.

他们可以向世界说出自己的心声

They are telling their own story,

说出他们自己真实的故事

bypassing the official narrative.

而不是由官方媒体陈述

And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.

我们可以看到许多相同的故事

In Mongolia for instance,

比如说在蒙古，

where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,

30%的人是游牧民族

SMS information systems are being used

短信服务使他们能够

to track migration and weather patterns.

跟着大伙迁移和了解天气

SMS is even used

短信服务甚至

to hold herder summits

让牧羊人参与

from remote participation.

远程活动

And if people are migrating

如果那些人迁移到

into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,

他们不熟悉的现代都市

they can also be helped in anticipation

那些事先准备好的社会支援者

with social supporters ready and waiting for them

在短信服务的帮助下

based on SMS knowledge.

也可以尽快帮助他们

In Nigeria,

在尼日利亚

open-source SMS tools

红十字会的工作人员

are being used by the Red Cross community workers

也在使用开放的短信工具

to gather information from the local community

他们从当地社区里收集资料

in an attempt to better understand and mitigate

为了更好地理解和

the prevalence of malaria.

控制疟疾的扩散

My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,

我的同事杰森.皮特负责这个项目，

tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper

他告诉我短信服务比以前的方法

than the traditional way of doing things.

快了10倍，也便宜了10倍

And not only is it empowering to the communities,

这不仅仅让社区更加有效率

but really importantly,

更重要的是

this information stays in the community

这些信息能够一些需要

where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.

长期的保健项目的社区

We are on a planet

我们生活在一个

of seven billion people,

有七十亿人口的星球上

five billion mobile subscriptions.

而有五十亿人拥有手机

By 2015,

在2015年

there will be three billion smartphones in the world.

世界上将会有30亿部智能手机

The U.N. broadband commission

联合国

has recently set targets

最近工作的目标就是

to help broadband access

把在发展中国家的宽带的使用率

in 50 percent of the Developing World,

提升到50%

compared to 20 percent today.

从现在20%的水平

We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world

我们马上会进入一个网络飞速的世界

where citizens from all cultures and all social strata

所有国家的人民无论贫穷富贵

will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.

都会有一个智能移动设备

People are understanding,

人们逐渐了解到

from Cairo to Oakland,

从开罗到奥克兰

that there are new ways to come together,

我们会有全新的方式去沟通、

there are new ways to mobilize,

去动员、

there are new ways to influence.

去影响世人

A transformation is coming which needs to be understood

我们必须理解人道主义的结构、榜样

by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.

正在发生变革

The collective voices of people

人们的心声

needs to be more integrated through new technologies

需要通过新的科技

into the organizational strategies and plans of actions

转化为有组织的战略和有计划地行动

and not just recycled

而不仅仅为了捐款和销售

for fundraising or marketing.

去循环重复

We need to, for example, embrace

比如我们需要接受

the big data,

庞大的数据

the knowledge that is there from market leaders

市场领头者的知识

who understand what it means

他们懂得如何

to use and leverage big data.

利用和均衡那些庞大的数据

One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,

我希望你能认真地看看

is to take a look at our IT departments.

我们的科技部门

They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,

科技人员通常提供不起眼的硬件服务

but they need to be elevated to software strategists.

而他们需要被软件工程师给提拔

We need people in our organizations

在我们的组织中 我们需要一些人

who know what it's like to work with big data.

来懂得如何操控庞大的数据

We need technology

我们组织的核心技术

as a core organizational principle.

就是科技

We need technological strategists in the boardroom

我们的组织需要优秀的科技工程师

who can ask and answer the question,

找出关键问题的答案

"What would Amazon or Google

"亚马逊或者谷歌

do with all of this data?"

会怎样处理这些数据呢?"

and convert it to humanitarian good.

继而再为人类作出好的贡献

The possibilities

新的电子技术可以

that new digital technologies are bringing

让一些组织

can help humanitarian organizations,

更有效地帮助人类

not only ensure

不仅仅确保了人们

that people's right to information is met,

有权力获得相关信息

or that they have their right to communicate,

或者有权力互相沟通

but I think in the future,

而是 在将来

humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate

帮助人类的组织们可以

the right for people to access

让人类能够获得

critical communication technologies

关键的通讯技术

in order to ensure

从而确保

that their voices are heard,

世界可以听到他们的心声

that they're truly participating,

可以知道他们真正在做什么

that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.

可以了解他们如何使世界更加博爱

It has always been the elusive ideal

以往让所有的灾民

to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters

都参与到这样的活动中

in the humanitarian effort.

一直是难以实现的

We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.

而现在我们有了工具让这些成为可能

There are no more reasons not to do it.

没有什么理由阻止我们那样做了

I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world

我相信我们必须把我们的世界科技化

from analog to digital.

我相信我们必须把我们的世界科技化

Thank you very much.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

(掌声)