Paul Conneally: Digital humanitarianism

46,214 views ใƒป 2012-02-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: eviatar edlerman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
The humanitarian model has barely changed
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”
00:18
since the early 20th century.
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ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื” 20
00:20
Its origins are firmly rooted
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ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืง
00:22
in the analog age.
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™.
00:24
And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืง.
00:28
The catalyst for this change
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ื”ื–ืจื– ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
00:30
was the major earthquake that struck Haiti
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ื›ืชื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™
00:33
on the 12th of January in 2010.
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ื‘ 12 ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010.
00:37
Haiti was a game changer.
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ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
00:40
The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,
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ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืจืกื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืจื˜-ืื•-ืคืจื ืก,
00:44
claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,
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ื’ื‘ืชื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ 320,000 ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:47
rendering homeless
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ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” 1.2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
00:49
about 1.2 million people.
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ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
00:52
Government institutions were completely decapitated,
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
00:55
including the presidential palace.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื
00:58
I remember standing
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™
01:00
on the roof of the Ministry of Justice
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ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
01:02
in downtown Port-au-Prince.
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื˜-ืื•-ืคืจื ืก
01:04
It was about two meters high,
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
01:06
completely squashed
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ื”ื’ื’ ื ืžืขืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
01:08
by the violence of the earthquake.
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ืข"ื™ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช.
01:10
For those of us on the ground in those early days,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื,
01:13
it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ืฉืจืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ
01:16
that Haiti was something different.
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ืฉื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”.
01:18
Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.
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ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื•.
01:22
But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
01:25
Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future
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ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
01:28
of what disaster response might look like
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืชืจืื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืกื•ืŸ
01:31
in a hyper-connected world
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืคืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ
01:33
where people have access
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ืฉื‘ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื”
01:35
to mobile smart devices.
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
01:38
Because out of the urban devastation
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช
01:40
in Port-au-Prince
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ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜-ืื•-ืคืจื ืก
01:42
came a torrent of SMS texts --
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ --
01:45
people crying for help,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืขืงื• ืœืขื–ืจื”,
01:47
beseeching us for assistance,
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ื”ืชื—ื ื ื• ืœืกื™ื•ืข,
01:49
sharing data, offering support,
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ื—ืœืงื• ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืขื–ืจื”,
01:51
looking for their loved ones.
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ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ื.
01:53
This was a situation
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘
01:55
that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.
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ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื• ืžืขื•ืœื.
01:58
We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:01
but 80 percent of the people
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื
02:04
had mobile devices in their hands.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ื“.
02:06
And we were unprepared for this,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”
02:08
and they were shaping the aid effort.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™.
02:11
Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื• ืื—ืจืช.
02:14
Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื
02:17
were scouring the Internet,
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ืกืจืงื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
02:19
converting tweets
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ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื
02:21
that had already been converted from texts
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืžืจื• ืžื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜
02:23
and putting these into open-source maps,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—
02:25
layering them with all sorts of important information --
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ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘---
02:28
people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืžืคื™ ื”ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืคืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช --
02:31
and putting these on the Web for everybody --
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ื•ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื --
02:33
the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” --
02:36
to participate in and to use.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข.
02:39
Back in Haiti,
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ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืขืฆืžื”,
02:41
people were increasingly turning
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:43
to the medium of SMS.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜
02:45
People that were hungry and hurting
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื
02:47
were signaling their distress,
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ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื,
02:49
were signaling their need for help.
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ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื”.
02:52
On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,
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ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜-ืื•-ืคืจื ืก
02:55
entrepreneurs sprung up
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ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื•
02:57
offering mobile phone charging stations.
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ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื™ื ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื.
03:00
They understood more than we did
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
03:02
people's innate need
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ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
03:04
to be connected.
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ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:06
Never having been confronted
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
03:08
with this type of situation before,
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ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
03:10
we wanted to try and understand
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:12
how we could tap into this incredible resource,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
03:15
how we could really leverage
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ืฃ
03:17
this incredible use of mobile technology
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกืœื•ืœืจื™
03:19
and SMS technology.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.
03:21
We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilร ,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกืœื•ืœืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื•ื™ื•ืœื”
03:25
which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ.
03:29
We had basically three requirements.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช
03:31
We wanted to communicate
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ
03:33
in a two-way form of communication.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื• ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช
03:35
We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.
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ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฆืขื•ืง, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
03:38
We wanted to be able to target
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ
03:40
specific geographic communities.
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ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
03:42
We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.
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ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:45
And we wanted it to be easy to use.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
03:48
Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื™, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ
03:51
came something that we call TERA --
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ื™ืฆื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื˜ืจื” --
03:53
the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --
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ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื’ื™ --
03:56
which has been used to support the aid effort
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื
03:58
ever since.
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ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
04:00
It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช.
04:03
It has been used to signal early warning
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจ ื”ืชืจืขื•ืช
04:06
in advance of weather-related disasters.
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ืขืœ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:08
It's used for public health awareness campaigns
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
04:11
such as the prevention of cholera.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ื•ืœืจื”.
04:13
And it is even used for sensitive issues
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
04:16
such as building awareness
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ื›ืžื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
04:18
around gender-based violence.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื’ื“ืจ.
04:20
But does it work?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“?
04:23
We have just published
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืคืจืกืžื ื•
04:25
an evaluation of this program,
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ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
04:28
and the evidence that is there for all to see
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ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื
04:31
is quite remarkable.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืจืฉื™ื.
04:34
Some 74 percent of people
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ื› 74% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื
04:36
received the data.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:38
Those who were intended to receive the data,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื• ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื“ืจ
04:40
74 percent of them received it.
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74% ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื•.
04:42
96 percent of them
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96% ืžื”ื
04:44
found it useful.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.
04:46
83 percent of them took action --
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83% ืžื” ืคืขืœื• ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข --
04:49
evidence that it is indeed empowering.
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืข.
04:51
And 73 percent of them shared it.
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ื• 73% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:55
The TERA system
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื˜ืจื”
04:57
was developed from Haiti
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ืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™
04:59
with support of engineers in the region.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
05:02
It is a user-appropriate technology
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ื–ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ
05:04
that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.
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ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
05:07
Technology is transformational.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืช.
05:10
Right across the developing world,
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ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
05:12
citizens and communities
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ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
05:14
are using technology
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:16
to enable them to bring about change, positive change,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™
05:18
in their own communities.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:20
The grassroots has been strengthened
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ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง
05:22
through the social power of sharing
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ
05:24
and they are challenging the old models,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื
05:26
the old analog models
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื
05:28
of control and command.
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ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื“.
05:31
One illustration of the transformational power of technology
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:34
is in Kibera.
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ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืจื”
05:36
Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.
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ืงื™ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
05:38
It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™
05:40
the capital city of Kenya.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื”
05:42
It's home to an unknown number of people --
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื--
05:44
some say between 250,000
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ื—ืœืง ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื 250,000
05:46
and 1.2 million.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื 1.2 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
05:48
If you were to arrive in Nairobi today
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ืื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™
05:50
and pick up a tourist map,
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ื•ืชืงื—ื• ืžืคืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื,
05:52
Kibera is represented
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ืงื™ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช
05:54
as a lush, green national park
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ื›ืคืืจืง ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื•ืคืข ื™ืจื•ืง
05:56
devoid of human settlement.
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ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
05:58
Young people living in Kibera
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื‘ืจื”
06:00
in their community,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
06:02
with simple handheld devices,
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ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
06:04
GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ GPS ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช
06:08
have literally put themselves on the map.
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ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”
06:10
They have collated crowd-sourced data
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ื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
06:12
and rendered the invisible visible.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื ืจืื”.
06:15
People like Josh and Steve
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื•ืฉ ื•ืกื˜ื™ื‘
06:18
are continuing to layer information upon information,
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ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื”
06:21
real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืžืขืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜
06:24
for all to use.
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืœื.
06:26
You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
06:29
You can find out about the latest security incident.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื
06:31
You can find out about places of worship.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื”.
06:33
You can find out about the health centers.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
06:35
You can feel the dynamism
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”
06:37
of this living, breathing community.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ื ื•ืฉืžืช ื”ื–ื•
06:39
They also have their own news network on YouTube
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืจืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘
06:42
with 36,000 viewers at the moment.
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ืขื 36,000 ืฆื•ืคื™ื
06:45
They're showing us what can be done
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ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
06:48
with mobile, digital technologies.
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
06:50
They're showing that the magic of technology
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ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
06:52
can bring the invisible visible.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื ืจืื”.
06:54
And they are giving a voice to themselves.
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื”
06:56
They are telling their own story,
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
06:59
bypassing the official narrative.
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ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืฉืžื™
07:01
And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
07:04
In Mongolia for instance,
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ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื”,
07:06
where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,
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ืฉื‘ื” 30% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื,
07:08
SMS information systems are being used
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ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช
07:11
to track migration and weather patterns.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
07:13
SMS is even used
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ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช
07:15
to hold herder summits
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื ืก ืืกื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืขื™ื
07:17
from remote participation.
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ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื
07:19
And if people are migrating
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ื•ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
07:21
into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,
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ืœืชื•ืš ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ
07:23
they can also be helped in anticipation
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื”
07:25
with social supporters ready and waiting for them
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ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื
07:28
based on SMS knowledge.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜
07:30
In Nigeria,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
07:32
open-source SMS tools
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ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช
07:35
are being used by the Red Cross community workers
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื
07:38
to gather information from the local community
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
07:41
in an attempt to better understand and mitigate
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื”
07:43
the prevalence of malaria.
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืžืœืจื™ื”.
07:45
My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,
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ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™, ื’'ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
07:48
tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper
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ืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืคื™ 10 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืคื™ 10 ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ
07:51
than the traditional way of doing things.
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ืžื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:54
And not only is it empowering to the communities,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
07:56
but really importantly,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช
07:58
this information stays in the community
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
08:00
where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
08:04
We are on a planet
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘
08:06
of seven billion people,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื 7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:09
five billion mobile subscriptions.
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5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.
08:12
By 2015,
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ืขื“ 2015,
08:14
there will be three billion smartphones in the world.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:19
The U.N. broadband commission
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
08:21
has recently set targets
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ืฉืžื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืžื˜ืจื”
08:23
to help broadband access
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ืœืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืก ืจื—ื‘
08:25
in 50 percent of the Developing World,
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ื‘ 50% ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
08:28
compared to 20 percent today.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ 20% ื”ื™ื•ื
08:30
We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืฉืจ
08:33
where citizens from all cultures and all social strata
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
08:36
will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกื•ืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
08:40
People are understanding,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
08:42
from Cairo to Oakland,
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ืžืงื”ื™ืจ ืœืื•ืงืœื ื“
08:44
that there are new ways to come together,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื—ื“,
08:46
there are new ways to mobilize,
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“
08:48
there are new ways to influence.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข.
08:52
A transformation is coming which needs to be understood
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš
08:55
by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.
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ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื•.
08:58
The collective voices of people
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ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
09:00
needs to be more integrated through new technologies
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
09:03
into the organizational strategies and plans of actions
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
09:05
and not just recycled
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจ
09:07
for fundraising or marketing.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง
09:09
We need to, for example, embrace
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ
09:11
the big data,
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
09:13
the knowledge that is there from market leaders
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง
09:15
who understand what it means
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
09:17
to use and leverage big data.
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ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
09:20
One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืงืœื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
09:23
is to take a look at our IT departments.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•.
09:26
They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจ"ื› ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืจืชืฃ
09:29
but they need to be elevated to software strategists.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
09:32
We need people in our organizations
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
09:34
who know what it's like to work with big data.
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘
09:36
We need technology
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
09:38
as a core organizational principle.
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ื›ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:40
We need technological strategists in the boardroom
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
09:43
who can ask and answer the question,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”,
09:45
"What would Amazon or Google
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"ืžื” ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ
09:47
do with all of this data?"
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ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”?"
09:49
and convert it to humanitarian good.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™.
09:53
The possibilities
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
09:55
that new digital technologies are bringing
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ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื”
09:57
can help humanitarian organizations,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื
09:59
not only ensure
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
10:01
that people's right to information is met,
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ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฉื’ืช
10:03
or that they have their right to communicate,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
10:06
but I think in the future,
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ืืœื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“
10:08
humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate
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ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช
10:11
the right for people to access
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ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
10:13
critical communication technologies
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
10:15
in order to ensure
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
10:17
that their voices are heard,
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ืฉื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืžืข
10:19
that they're truly participating,
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
10:21
that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™.
10:24
It has always been the elusive ideal
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ื—ืžืงืžืง
10:27
to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters
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ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžื”ืืกื•ืŸ
10:30
in the humanitarian effort.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™.
10:33
We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
10:36
There are no more reasons not to do it.
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืš.
10:40
I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™
10:43
from analog to digital.
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ืžืื ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
10:45
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื
10:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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