Paul Conneally: Digital humanitarianism

The humanitarian model has barely changed

since the early 20th century.

Its origins are firmly rooted

in the analog age.

And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.

The catalyst for this change

was the major earthquake that struck Haiti

on the 12th of January in 2010.

Haiti was a game changer.

The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,

claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,

rendering homeless

about 1.2 million people.

Government institutions were completely decapitated,

including the presidential palace.

I remember standing

on the roof of the Ministry of Justice

in downtown Port-au-Prince.

It was about two meters high,

completely squashed

by the violence of the earthquake.

For those of us on the ground in those early days,

it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans

that Haiti was something different.

Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.

But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.

Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future

of what disaster response might look like

in a hyper-connected world

where people have access

to mobile smart devices.

Because out of the urban devastation

in Port-au-Prince

came a torrent of SMS texts --

people crying for help,

beseeching us for assistance,

sharing data, offering support,

looking for their loved ones.

This was a situation

that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.

We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,

but 80 percent of the people

had mobile devices in their hands.

And we were unprepared for this,

and they were shaping the aid effort.

Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.

Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers

were scouring the Internet,

converting tweets

that had already been converted from texts

and putting these into open-source maps,

layering them with all sorts of important information --

people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --

and putting these on the Web for everybody --

the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --

to participate in and to use.

Back in Haiti,

people were increasingly turning

to the medium of SMS.

People that were hungry and hurting

were signaling their distress,

were signaling their need for help.

On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,

entrepreneurs sprung up

offering mobile phone charging stations.

They understood more than we did

people's innate need

to be connected.

Never having been confronted

with this type of situation before,

we wanted to try and understand

how we could tap into this incredible resource,

how we could really leverage

this incredible use of mobile technology

and SMS technology.

We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilà,

which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.

We had basically three requirements.

We wanted to communicate

in a two-way form of communication.

We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.

We wanted to be able to target

specific geographic communities.

We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.

And we wanted it to be easy to use.

Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation

came something that we call TERA --

the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --

which has been used to support the aid effort

ever since.

It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.

It has been used to signal early warning

in advance of weather-related disasters.

It's used for public health awareness campaigns

such as the prevention of cholera.

And it is even used for sensitive issues

such as building awareness

around gender-based violence.

But does it work?

We have just published

an evaluation of this program,

and the evidence that is there for all to see

is quite remarkable.

Some 74 percent of people

received the data.

Those who were intended to receive the data,

74 percent of them received it.

96 percent of them

found it useful.

83 percent of them took action --

evidence that it is indeed empowering.

And 73 percent of them shared it.

The TERA system

was developed from Haiti

with support of engineers in the region.

It is a user-appropriate technology

that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.

Technology is transformational.

Right across the developing world,

citizens and communities

are using technology

to enable them to bring about change, positive change,

in their own communities.

The grassroots has been strengthened

through the social power of sharing

and they are challenging the old models,

the old analog models

of control and command.

One illustration of the transformational power of technology

is in Kibera.

Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.

It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,

the capital city of Kenya.

It's home to an unknown number of people --

some say between 250,000

and 1.2 million.

If you were to arrive in Nairobi today

and pick up a tourist map,

Kibera is represented

as a lush, green national park

devoid of human settlement.

Young people living in Kibera

in their community,

with simple handheld devices,

GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,

have literally put themselves on the map.

They have collated crowd-sourced data

and rendered the invisible visible.

People like Josh and Steve

are continuing to layer information upon information,

real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps

for all to use.

You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.

You can find out about the latest security incident.

You can find out about places of worship.

You can find out about the health centers.

You can feel the dynamism

of this living, breathing community.

They also have their own news network on YouTube

with 36,000 viewers at the moment.

They're showing us what can be done

with mobile, digital technologies.

They're showing that the magic of technology

can bring the invisible visible.

And they are giving a voice to themselves.

They are telling their own story,

bypassing the official narrative.

And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.

In Mongolia for instance,

where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,

SMS information systems are being used

to track migration and weather patterns.

SMS is even used

to hold herder summits

from remote participation.

And if people are migrating

into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,

they can also be helped in anticipation

with social supporters ready and waiting for them

based on SMS knowledge.

In Nigeria,

open-source SMS tools

are being used by the Red Cross community workers

to gather information from the local community

in an attempt to better understand and mitigate

the prevalence of malaria.

My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,

tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper

than the traditional way of doing things.

And not only is it empowering to the communities,

but really importantly,

this information stays in the community

where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.

We are on a planet

of seven billion people,

five billion mobile subscriptions.

By 2015,

there will be three billion smartphones in the world.

The U.N. broadband commission

has recently set targets

to help broadband access

in 50 percent of the Developing World,

compared to 20 percent today.

We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world

where citizens from all cultures and all social strata

will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.

People are understanding,

from Cairo to Oakland,

that there are new ways to come together,

there are new ways to mobilize,

there are new ways to influence.

A transformation is coming which needs to be understood

by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.

The collective voices of people

needs to be more integrated through new technologies

into the organizational strategies and plans of actions

and not just recycled

for fundraising or marketing.

We need to, for example, embrace

the big data,

the knowledge that is there from market leaders

who understand what it means

to use and leverage big data.

One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,

is to take a look at our IT departments.

They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,

but they need to be elevated to software strategists.

We need people in our organizations

who know what it's like to work with big data.

We need technology

as a core organizational principle.

We need technological strategists in the boardroom

who can ask and answer the question,

"What would Amazon or Google

do with all of this data?"

and convert it to humanitarian good.

The possibilities

that new digital technologies are bringing

can help humanitarian organizations,

not only ensure

that people's right to information is met,

or that they have their right to communicate,

but I think in the future,

humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate

the right for people to access

critical communication technologies

in order to ensure

that their voices are heard,

that they're truly participating,

that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.

It has always been the elusive ideal

to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters

in the humanitarian effort.

We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.

There are no more reasons not to do it.

I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world

from analog to digital.

Thank you very much.

(Applause)