Paul Conneally: Digital humanitarianism

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The humanitarian model has barely changed

Model humanitarnosti jedva da se je mijenjao

since the early 20th century.

od početka 20. stoljeća.

Its origins are firmly rooted

Njegovi su izvori duboko ukorijenjeni

in the analog age.

u analognom dobu.

And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.

Potom se velika promjena nazire na vidiku.

The catalyst for this change

Izvor ove promjene

was the major earthquake that struck Haiti

bio je veliki potres koji je pogodio Haiti

on the 12th of January in 2010.

12. siječnja 2010.godine.

Haiti was a game changer.

Haiti je promijenio igru.

The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,

Potres je uništio glavni grad Port-au-Prince

claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,

i uzeo živote otprilike 320 000 ljudi,

rendering homeless

učinivši 1.2 milijuna

about 1.2 million people.

ljudi beskućnicima.

Government institutions were completely decapitated,

Vladine institucije bile su potpuno obezglavljene,

including the presidential palace.

uključujući i predsjedničku palaču.

I remember standing

Sjećam se kako sam stajao

on the roof of the Ministry of Justice

na krovu Ministarstva pravosuđa

in downtown Port-au-Prince.

u centru Port-au-Princea.

It was about two meters high,

Zgrada je bila otprilike 2 metra visoka,

completely squashed

potpuno sravnjena

by the violence of the earthquake.

potresom.

For those of us on the ground in those early days,

Za nas koji smo bili na zemlji u tim ranim danima,

it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans

čak je i najčvršćim veteranima

that Haiti was something different.

bilo jasno da je Haiti nešto potpuno drugačije.

Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.

Haiti je bio nešto što nikada do tad nismo vidjeli.

But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.

Međutim, Haiti nam je pružio još nešto za što nije bilo presedana.

Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future

Dozvolio nam je uvid u budućnost

of what disaster response might look like

reakcije na katastrofe

in a hyper-connected world

u hiper-spojenom svijetu

where people have access

gdje svi ljudi imaju pristup

to mobile smart devices.

pametnim mobilnim uređajima.

Because out of the urban devastation

Naime, iz urbane devastacije

in Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Princea

came a torrent of SMS texts --

izašla je lavina SMS poruka-

people crying for help,

ljudi su zvali upomoć,

beseeching us for assistance,

preklinjali nas za pomoć,

sharing data, offering support,

dijelili podatke, nudili podršku,

looking for their loved ones.

tražili svoje voljene.

This was a situation

Ovo je bila situacija

that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.

koju tradicionalne agencije za pomoć nikada nisu susrele.

We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,

Bili smo u jednoj od najsiromašnijih zemalja u svijetu,

but 80 percent of the people

ali 80 posto ljudi

had mobile devices in their hands.

imalo je mobilne aparate u rukama.

And we were unprepared for this,

I mi smo bili nepripremljeni na to,

and they were shaping the aid effort.

oni su oblikovali pokušaje pomoći.

Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.

Izvan Haitija, također, stvari su izgledale drugačije.

Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers

Deset tisuća takozvanih volontera

were scouring the Internet,

je pretraživalo internet,

converting tweets

pretvaralo tweetove

that had already been converted from texts

koji su već bili pretvoreni iz SMS poruka

and putting these into open-source maps,

i stavljali njih na javne mape,

layering them with all sorts of important information --

slažući slojeve bitnih informacija-

people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --

ljudi kao Crisis Mapper i Open Street Map –

and putting these on the Web for everybody --

i stavljali ih na web kako bi svi-

the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --

mediji, organizacije za pomoć, same zajednice-

to participate in and to use.

mogli sudjelovati i koristiti.

Back in Haiti,

Na Haitiju

people were increasingly turning

ljudi su se počeli u velikom broju okretati

to the medium of SMS.

mediju SMS-a..

People that were hungry and hurting

Ljudi koji su bili gladni ili ozlijeđeni

were signaling their distress,

javljali su svoje jade,

were signaling their need for help.

signalizirali da trebaju pomoć.

On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,

Na ulicama po cijelom Port-au-Princeu

entrepreneurs sprung up

poduzetnici su iznikli

offering mobile phone charging stations.

sa ponudama za punjačima mobilnih uređaja.

They understood more than we did

Razumijeli su više nego mi

people's innate need

urođenu ljudsku potrebu

to be connected.

za povezivanjem.

Never having been confronted

Kako se nikada nismo susreli

with this type of situation before,

sa ovakvom situacijom,

we wanted to try and understand

željeli smo pokušati razumjeti

how we could tap into this incredible resource,

kako možemo doći do tog nevjerojatnog resursa,

how we could really leverage

kako zaista možemo iskoristiti

this incredible use of mobile technology

nevjerojatnu korist mobilne

and SMS technology.

i SMS tehnologije.

We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilà,

Počeli smo od tamošnjeg operatera pod imenom Voilà,

which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.

koji je bio podružnica Trilogy Internationala.

We had basically three requirements.

U osnovi smo imali samo 3 zahtjeva.

We wanted to communicate

Željeli smo

in a two-way form of communication.

dvostranu komunikaciju.

We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.

Nismo željeli vikati, željeli smo također i čuti.

We wanted to be able to target

Željeli smo biti u mogućnosti dotaknuti

specific geographic communities.

specifične geografske zajednice.

We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.

Nismo morali pričati sa cijelom državom istodobno,

And we wanted it to be easy to use.

te smo željeli da bude lako za upotrebu.

Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation

Iz ruševina Haitija i iz tog uništenja

came something that we call TERA --

izašlo je nešto što zovemo TERA-

the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --

Trilogy Emergency Response Application (Trilogyjeva aplikacija za hitne odgovore)-

which has been used to support the aid effort

koja se od tada koristi za potporu

ever since.

pokušajima pomoći.

It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.

Korištena je kako bi pomogla zajednicama da se pripreme za katastrofu.

It has been used to signal early warning

Korištena je da signalizira rane znakove upozorenja

in advance of weather-related disasters.

pred katastrofama povezanim uz vremenske nepogode.

It's used for public health awareness campaigns

Korištena je za javne zdravstvene kampanje

such as the prevention of cholera.

podizanja svijesti protiv primjerice, kolere.

And it is even used for sensitive issues

Korištena je također za osjetljive teme

such as building awareness

kao podizanje svijesti

around gender-based violence.

o nasilju zasnovanom na spolu.

But does it work?

Međutim, je li aplikacija uspješna?

We have just published

Upravo smo objavili

an evaluation of this program,

evaluaciju ovog programa,

and the evidence that is there for all to see

i dokaz koji je tamo naveden

is quite remarkable.

je poprilično nevjerojatan.

Some 74 percent of people

Otprilike 74 posto ljudi

received the data.

primilo je podatke.

Those who were intended to receive the data,

Od onih kojima su podatci trebali biti poslani,

74 percent of them received it.

74 posto ih je primilo.

96 percent of them

Korisnima ih je

found it useful.

doživjelo 96 posto,

83 percent of them took action --

83 posto njih je nešto poduzelo-

evidence that it is indeed empowering.

to je dokaz da je uistinu osnažujuće.

And 73 percent of them shared it.

Proslijedilo ih je 73 posto ljudi.

The TERA system

TERA sustav

was developed from Haiti

je razvijen na Haitiju

with support of engineers in the region.

uz pomoć inženjera iz te regije.

It is a user-appropriate technology

To je tehnologija primjerena

that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.

korisniku koja je korištena za humanitarno dobro s velikim učinkom.

Technology is transformational.

Tehnologija je transformacijska.

Right across the developing world,

Posvuda diljem svijeta u razvoju,

citizens and communities

građani i zajednice

are using technology

koriste tehnologiju

to enable them to bring about change, positive change,

da omoguće dolazak promjene, pozitivne promjene

in their own communities.

u svoje zajednice.

The grassroots has been strengthened

Korijen toga je učvršćen

through the social power of sharing

kroz socijalnu moć dijeljenja

and they are challenging the old models,

i oni izazivaju stare modele,

the old analog models

stare analogne modele

of control and command.

kontrole i zapovijedi.

One illustration of the transformational power of technology

Jedna ilustracija transformacijske moći tehnologije

is in Kibera.

jest Kibera.

Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.

Kibera je jedno od najvećih afričkih predgrađa.

It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,

Nalazi se na rubu Nairobija,

the capital city of Kenya.

glavnog grada Kenije.

It's home to an unknown number of people --

Dom je nepoznatom broju ljudi—

some say between 250,000

navodno između 250 000 i

and 1.2 million.

1.2. milijuna.

If you were to arrive in Nairobi today

Da danas stignete u Nairobi

and pick up a tourist map,

i uzmete turističku mapu,

Kibera is represented

Kibera bi bila prikazana

as a lush, green national park

kao bujan, zeleni nacionalni park

devoid of human settlement.

bez ljudskih nastambi.

Young people living in Kibera

Mladi ljudi koji žive u Kiberi,

in their community,

u svojoj zajednici,

with simple handheld devices,

samo sa jednostavnim ručnim napravama,

GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,

GPSom i mobitelima koji šalju SMS-ove,

have literally put themselves on the map.

doslovno su se stavili na mapu.

They have collated crowd-sourced data

Skupili su i kombinirali podatke dobivene međusobnom distribucijom problema

and rendered the invisible visible.

i učinili nevidljivo vidljivim.

People like Josh and Steve

Ljudi kao Josh i Steve

are continuing to layer information upon information,

nastavljaju slagati slojeve informacija,

real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps

informacije u pravom vremenu, tweetati i upisati na mapu

for all to use.

kako bi se svi njom mogli koristiti.

You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.

Možete naći podatke o najnovijem improviziranom glazbenom koncertu.

You can find out about the latest security incident.

Možete doznati za posljednji sigurnosni incident.

You can find out about places of worship.

Možete doznati o mjestima štovanja.

You can find out about the health centers.

Možete naći podatke o zdravstvenim ustanovama.

You can feel the dynamism

Možete osjetiti dinamiku

of this living, breathing community.

žive, dišuće zajednice.

They also have their own news network on YouTube

Također imaju i svoje vijesti na You Tubeu

with 36,000 viewers at the moment.

sa trenutno 36000 gledatelja.

They're showing us what can be done

Pokazali su nam što se može uraditi

with mobile, digital technologies.

sa mobilnom, digitalnom tehnologijom.

They're showing that the magic of technology

Pokazuju nam da čarolija tehnologije

can bring the invisible visible.

može učiniti nevidljivo vidljivim.

And they are giving a voice to themselves.

Daju glas sami sebi.

They are telling their own story,

Pričaju nam svoje priče

bypassing the official narrative.

zaobilazeći službene pripovjedače.

And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.

Također gledamo sa svih kuteva planeta na slične priče.

In Mongolia for instance,

U Mongoliji, na primjer,

where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,

gdje je 30 posto ljudi nomadi,

SMS information systems are being used

SMSovi se koriste kako bi se pratile

to track migration and weather patterns.

migracije i predviđanja vremena.

SMS is even used

SMS se također koristi

to hold herder summits

za sastanke stočara

from remote participation.

na udaljenim mjestima.

And if people are migrating

Ako ljudi migriraju

into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,

u urbani, nepoznati, betonski okoliš,

they can also be helped in anticipation

također im se može pomoći u očekivanju

with social supporters ready and waiting for them

putem socijalne podrške koja je spremna i čeka ih,

based on SMS knowledge.

a temeljena je na SMS znanju.

In Nigeria,

U Nigeriji,

open-source SMS tools

besplatna SMS pomagala

are being used by the Red Cross community workers

koristi zajednica radnika u Crvenom križu

to gather information from the local community

kako bi prikupila informacije od lokalnog stanovništva

in an attempt to better understand and mitigate

u pokušaju da bolje shvate i smanje

the prevalence of malaria.

učestalost malarije.

My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,

Moj kolega Jason Peat, koji vodi taj program,

tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper

kaže da je 10 puta brže i 10 puta jeftinije

than the traditional way of doing things.

od tradicionalnog načina na koji se te stvari rade.

And not only is it empowering to the communities,

Ne samo da osnažuje zajednice,

but really importantly,

već što je veoma važno,

this information stays in the community

ove informacije ostaju u zajednici

where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.

gdje su potrebne da formuliraju dugotrajne zdravstvene smjernice.

We are on a planet

Na planetu smo

of seven billion people,

sa sedam milijardi ljudi,

five billion mobile subscriptions.

s 5 milijardi mobilnih pretplata.

By 2015,

Do 2015.

there will be three billion smartphones in the world.

bit će tri milijarde pametnih mobitela u svijetu.

The U.N. broadband commission

UN-ov program broadband interneta

has recently set targets

je nedavno postavio cilj

to help broadband access

omogućavanja pristupa broadbandu

in 50 percent of the Developing World,

za 50 posto Trećeg svijeta,

compared to 20 percent today.

u usporedbi s 20 posto danas.

We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world

Jurimo prema hiper-spojenom svijetu

where citizens from all cultures and all social strata

gdje građani svih kultura i svih slojeva društva

will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.

imaju pristup pametnim, brzim mobilnim uređajima.

People are understanding,

Ljudi shvaćaju,

from Cairo to Oakland,

od Kaira do Oaklanda,

that there are new ways to come together,

da postoji novi način da se spoje,

there are new ways to mobilize,

novi načini da se pokrenu,

there are new ways to influence.

novi načini da se utječe.

A transformation is coming which needs to be understood

Dolazi transformacija koju humanitarne strukture

by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.

i modeli trebaju razumjeti.

The collective voices of people

Skupni glasovi ljudi

needs to be more integrated through new technologies

trebaju biti uklopljeniji kroz nove tehnologije

into the organizational strategies and plans of actions

u organizacijske strategije i planove akcija,

and not just recycled

a ne samo reciklirani

for fundraising or marketing.

za prikupljanje novca ili marketinga.

We need to, for example, embrace

Trebamo, na primjer, prihvatiti

the big data,

velike podatke,

the knowledge that is there from market leaders

znanje koje potječe od voditelja tržišta

who understand what it means

koji razumiju što znači

to use and leverage big data.

koristiti velike podatke.

One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,

Jedna ideja koju bih želio da razmotrite jest, na primjer,

is to take a look at our IT departments.

da pogledate naše IT odjele.

They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,

Normalno su u stražnjim sobama ili podrumima programa tehničke podrške,

but they need to be elevated to software strategists.

ali oni trebaju biti uzdignuti na razinu softver stratega.

We need people in our organizations

U našim organizacijama trebamo ljude

who know what it's like to work with big data.

koji znaju što znači raditi s velikim podatcima.

We need technology

Trebamo tehnologiju

as a core organizational principle.

kao temeljni organizacijski princip.

We need technological strategists in the boardroom

Trebamo tehnološke stratege u odborima

who can ask and answer the question,

koji će postaviti i odgovoriti na pitanje:

"What would Amazon or Google

„Što bi Amazon ili Google

do with all of this data?"

učinio sa svim ovim podatcima?“,

and convert it to humanitarian good.

i pretvoriti ih u humanitarno dobro.

The possibilities

Mogućnosti

that new digital technologies are bringing

koje nam nove digitalne tehnologije donose

can help humanitarian organizations,

mogu pomoći humanitarnim organizacijama,

not only ensure

ne samo kako bi omogućili

that people's right to information is met,

da ljudi ostvare svoje pravo na informacije,

or that they have their right to communicate,

ili da imaju pravo da komuniciraju,

but I think in the future,

nego mislim da će u budućnosti

humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate

humanitarne organizacije morati predviđati

the right for people to access

prava ljudi da dođu do

critical communication technologies

bitnih komunikacijskih tehnologija

in order to ensure

kako bi se omogućilo

that their voices are heard,

da se njihovi glasovi čuju,

that they're truly participating,

da uistinu sudjeluju,

that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.

da zaista imaju moć u humanitarnom svijetu.

It has always been the elusive ideal

Oduvijek je bio nedostižan ideal

to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters

koji nam izmiče da se osigura potpuno sudjelovanje ljudi koji su pogođeni katastrofama

in the humanitarian effort.

u humanitarnim naporima.

We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.

Sada imamo alate. Sada imamo mogućnosti.

There are no more reasons not to do it.

Nema razloga zašto to ne bi učinili.

I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world

Ja vjerujem da trebamo dovesti humanitarni svijet

from analog to digital.

iz analognog u digitalni.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)