The invisible life hidden beneath Antarctica's ice | Ariel Waldman

Translator: Shokhnur Akhmedov Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Can you guess what this is?

Bu nimaligini bilasizmi?

What if I told you there's a place where the creatures are made of glass?

Shishasimon mavjudotlar bo'lgan joy bor desam nima deysiz?

Or that there are life-forms that are invisible to us,

Yoki bizga ko'rinmas bo'lgan hayot shakllari bor desam-chi?

but astronauts see them all the time?

Lekin fazogirlar ularni har doim ko'rishadi.

These invisible glass creatures aren't aliens on a faraway exoplanet.

Bu ko'rinmas jonzotlar olis ekzosayyoradagi o'zga sayyoraliklar emas.

They're diatoms:

Ular diatomlardir:

photosynthetic, single-celled algae responsible for producing oxygen

fotosintetik, bir hujayrali suv o'tlariidir, kislorod ishlab chiqaradigan

and helping seed clouds on a planetary scale

va urug' bulutlariga sayyoralararo miqyosda yordam beradigan.

and with intricately sculpted, geometric exoskeletons made of --

Ular murakkab, geometrik ekzoskeletlardir --

yeah, glass.

albatta shishadan bo'lgan.

You can see them in swirls of ocean-surface colors from space.

Ularni koinotdan ummon yuzasidagi ranglarning aylanishida ko'rasiz.

And when they die,

Ular o'lganida esa,

their glass houses sink to the depths of the oceans,

ularning shisha uylari ummon tubiga cho'kadi,

taking carbon out of the air

havodan uglerodni olib

and with them to the grave,

pastga olib ketadi

accounting for a significant amount of carbon sequestration in the oceans.

va ummondagi uglerod ajratilmalarining sezilarli qismini tashkil qiladi.

We live on an alien planet.

Biz o'zga sayyorada yashaymiz.

There is so much weird life here on Earth to study,

Bu Yer sayyorasida xilma-hil sirli hayot mavjud

and so much of it lives at the edges of our world,

va ko'pchiligi dunyo chekkasida yashaydi,

of our sight and of our understanding.

ko'z oldimizda yoki ongimizda.

One of those edges is Antarctica.

O'sha chekkalardan biri Antarktika.

Typically, when we think about Antarctica,

Odatda, Antarktika haqida o'ylasak,

we think of a place that's barren and lifeless ...

hosilsiz va hayotsiz joyni tasavvur qilamiz...

except for a few penguins.

Bir qancha pingvinlarni aytmasak.

But Antarctica should instead be known as a polar oasis of life,

Lekin Antarktika qutbdagi hayot vohasi sifatida ma'lum bo'lish kerak

host to countless creatures that are utterly fascinating.

o'ta ajabtovur, sanoqsiz jonzotlar makoni bo'lgan.

So why haven't we seen them on the latest nature documentary?

Xo'sh, nega biz ularni so'nggi tabiat xujjatli filmlarida ko'rmadik?

Well, they lurk beneath the snow and ice,

Chunki ular qor va muz ostiga yashirinishgan,

virtually invisible to us.

bizga ko'rinmaydigan holda.

They're microbes:

Ular mikrobdir:

tiny plants and animals living embedded inside of glaciers,

muzliklar ichida yashaydigan mitti o'simlik va mavjudotlardir,

underneath the sea ice

muz ostidagi

and swimming in subglacial ponds.

va muz osti hovuzlarida suzib yuruvchi.

And they're no less charismatic than any of the megafauna

Ular jozibadorligi bo'yicha megafaunadan kam joyi yo'q

that you're used to seeing in a nature documentary.

biz ko'rib yurgan tabiat hujjatli filmlaridagi.

But how do you compel people to explore what they can't see?

Ammo qanday qilib odamlarni ko'rinmas narsalarga ishontirish mumkin?

I recently led a five-week expedition to Antarctica

Men yaqinda Antarktikada 5 haftalik expeditsiyada bo'ldim

to essentially become a wildlife filmmaker at the microbial scale.

mikroblar miqyosida yovvoyi tabiat rejissyori bo'lish uchun.

With 185 pounds of gear,

185 funtli uskunalar bilan,

I boarded a military aircraft

harbiy samalyotga chiqdim

and brought microscopes into the field

va mikroskoplarni u yerga olib bordim

to film and investigate these microscopic extremophiles,

bu mikroskopik ekstremofillarni suratga olish va o'rganish uchun

so that we can become more familiar with a poorly understood ecosystem

va kam o'rganilgan ekotizimni yaxshiroq tushinish uchun

that we live with here on Earth.

biz yashaydigan sayyoradagi.

To film these invisible creatures in action,

Bu ko'rinmas jonzotlarni suratga olish uchun,

I needed to see where they call home --

Ularning makonini ko'rishim kerak edi --

I needed to venture under the ice.

Ya'ni muzni ostiga tushishim kerak edi.

Every year, the sea ice nearly doubles the entire size of Antarctica.

Har yili dengiz muzlari Antarktika hajmidan ikki barovarga ko'payadi.

To get a glimpse below the nine-feet-thick ice,

9 fut qalinlikdagi muz ostiga qiyo boqish uchun,

I climbed down a long, metal tube inserted into the sea ice

dengiz muziga kiritilgan uzun, metal quvurga tushdim

to witness a hidden ecosystem full of life,

hayotga to'lib-toshgan ekotizimga guvoh bo'lish uchun,

while being suspended between the seafloor and the illuminated ceiling of ice.

dengiz tubi va yarqiragan muzlik shiftini o'rtasida turgan holda.

Here's what that looked like from the outside.

Mana bu tashqaridan qanday ko'rinadi.

It was just absolutely magical.

Bu shunchaki sehrli edi.

Some of the critters I found were delightful things like seed shrimp

Ba'zi mavjudotlar urug' qisqichbaqasi kabi g'aroyib edi

and many more beautiful, geometric diatoms.

va yana ko'plab chiroyli geometrik diatomlar ham.

I then went farther afield to camp out in the Dry Valleys

Keyin men tepaga chiqdim Quruq Vodiysida tunash uchun

for a couple of weeks.

bir necha hafta davomida.

98 percent of Antarctica is covered with ice

Antarktikaning 98 foizi muz bilan qoplangan

and the Dry Valleys are the largest area of Antarctica where you can actually see

Quruq Vodiysi Antarktikaning eng katta hududidir.

what the continent itself looks like underneath all of it.

Faqat u yerda Antarktikaning qandayligini ko'rish mumkin.

I sampled bacteria at Blood Falls,

Bu yerda bakteriyalardan namuna oldim,

a natural phenomenon of a subglacial pond spurting out iron oxide

muz ostidagi hovuzdan temir oksidi otilib chiqadigan tabiat hodisasi,

that was thought to be utterly lifeless until a little more than a decade ago.

ushbu joy o'n yil oldinham hayotsiz deb hisoblangan,

And I hiked up a glacier to drill down into it,

Men muzlikka chiqdim uning ichini teshish uchun,

revealing countless, hardcore critters living their best lives

yashayotgan sanoqsiz, qattiq tanali mavjudotlarni kashf qildim

while embedded inside layers of ice.

muzning ichki qatlamlariga tushganimda.

Known as cryoconite holes,

Kriokonit tuynuglari

they form when tiny pieces of darkly colored dirt

kichik to'q rangdagi loydan tashkil topadi

get blown onto the glacier

muzlikkka tushkanida

and begin to melt down into soupy holes that then freeze over,

va tuynuk bo'ylab pastka erishni boshlaydi vad keyin muzlaydi.

preserving hundreds of dirt pucks inside the glacier,

Shu tarzda loy parchalarini muz ichida saqlab qoladi,

like little island universes

huddi kichik oroldagi olamga o'xshab,

each with its own unique ecosystem.

har biri o'zining noyob ekotizimi bilan.

Some of the critters I found you may recognize,

Men topgan ba'zi jonzotlarni tanishingiz mumkin,

like this adorable tardigrade --

bu jonzotga o'xshaganlarni --

I absolutely love them,

Ularni yaxshi ko'raman.

they're like little gummy bears with claws.

Ular huddi panjali yopishqoq ayiqchaga o'xshaydi.

Also known as a water bear,

Suv ayig'i nomi bilan ham ma'lum.

they're famous for possessing superpowers

Ular o'zining noyob jihati bilan mashhur,

that allow them to survive in extreme conditions,

keskin sharoitlarda omon qolishga yordam beradigan.

including the vacuum of space.

Koinot vakuumida ham.

But you don't need to travel to space or even Antarctica to find them.

Ammo ularni topish uchun koinot yo Antarktikaga borishni hojati yo'q.

They live in moss all over this planet,

Ular yer yuzi bo'ylab moxlarda yashaydi

from sidewalk cracks to parks.

Trotuar yoriqlaridan to parklargacha.

You likely walk right by tons of these invisible animals every day.

Siz ehtimol bu son-sanoqsiz ko'rinmas jonzotlar yonidan har kuni o'tib ketarsiz.

Others may look familiar,

Boshqasi tanish bo'lishi mumkin

but be stranger still, like nematodes.

ammo notanish bo'lishi ham mumkin bu nematoda kabi.

Not a snake nor an earthworm,

Na ilon, va na chuvalchang.

nematodes are a creature all of their own.

Ular o'ziga xos mavjudotdir.

They can't regenerate like an earthworm or crawl like a snake,

Ular chuvalchang kabi tiklanaolmaydi yoki ilon kabi sudralib yurolmaydi.

but they have tiny, dagger-like needles inside their mouths

Lekin ularda og'zini ichida kichkina, o'tkir ignalari bor.

that some of them use to spearfish their prey and suck out the insides.

Ignalar ov qilishga va uni yutishga yordam beradi.

For every single human on this planet,

Yer yuzidagi har bir odamga,

there exist 57 billion nematodes.

57 milliard nematoda to'g'ri keladi.

And some of the critters you may not recognize at all

Ba'zi mavjudotlar butunlay notanish bo'lishi mumkin.

but live out equally fascinating lives,

Lekin o'zlari ajoyib yashashadi.

such as rotifers with amazing crowns that turn into Roomba-like mouths,

Bu kabi jonzotlarda tojlari aylana og'izga aylanadi

ciliates with digestive systems so transparent that it's almost TMI,

ularning ichak tizimi judayam shaffof

and cyanobacteria that look like party confetti exploded all over a petri dish.

va lentasimon siyanobakteriyalar petri balig'i bo'ylab ko'p tarqalgan.

A lot of times what we see in popular media

Ko'pincha biz OAVda ko'radigan narsamiz

are scanning electron microscope images of microorganisms

mikroorganizmlarning elektron mikroskopik rasmlaridir,

looking like scary monsters.

qo'rqinchli maxluqqa o'xshaydigan.

Without seeing them move their lives remain elusive to us

Ularni ko'rmasak, hayoti bizga sirliligicha qoladi,

despite them living nearly everywhere we step outside.

garchi ular biz bilan deyarli yonma-yon yashashsa-da.

What's their daily life like?

Ularning kunlik hayoti qanday?

How do they interact with their environment?

Ular qanday qilib atrof-muhit bilan bog'lanadi?

If you only ever saw a photo of a penguin at a zoo,

Agar siz hayvonot bog'ida pingvinlarni rasmini ko'rsangiz

but you never saw one waddle around and then glide over ice,

va ularni hech qachon hayotda muz ustida ko'rmasangiz,

you wouldn't fully understand penguins.

siz pingvinlarni to'liq tushuna olmaysiz.

By seeing microcreatures in motion,

Mitti jonzotlar harakatini ko'rib,

we gain better insights into the lives of the otherwise invisible.

biz ularning hayotini yaxshiroq anglaymiz.

Without documenting the invisible life in Antarctica and our own backyards,

Antarktikadagi va tomorqalarimizdagi ko'rinmas hayotni hujjatlashtirmasak,

we don't understand just how many creatures we share our world with.

biz qancha mavjudotlar bilan birga yashayotganligimizni bilmaymiz.

And that means we don't yet have the full picture

Bu esa hali ga'royib va ajoyib ona sayyoramizdan

of our weird and whimsical home planet.

o'rganadigan narsamiz ko'pligidan dalolat beradi. .

Thank you.

Rahmat.