The next global agricultural revolution | Bruce Friedrich

Translator: Brian Bosire Reviewer: Nelson Simfukwe

In 2019, humanity received a warning:

Mwaka 2019, ubinadamu ulipata tahadhari:

30 of the world's leading scientists released the results

30 ya wanasayansi mashuhuri duniani walipeana majibu

of a massive three-year study into global agriculture

ya utafiti wa miaka mitatu ya kilimo cha kimataifa

and declared that meat production is destroying our planet

na kutangaza kuwa uzalishaji wa nyama unaathiri sayari yetu

and jeopardizing global health.

na kuhatarisha afya ya dunia.

One of the study's authors explained

Mwandishi mmoja wa utafiti alinena

that "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ...

ya kuwa "ubinadamu ni hatarisho kwa utulivu wa sayari ...

[This requires] nothing less than a new global agricultural revolution."

[Hii inahitaji] sio chini ya uvumbuzi mpya wa kilimo wa kimataifa."

As somebody who's spent the last two decades

Kama mtu ambaye ametumia miongo miwili

advocating a shift away from industrial meat production,

kutetea kuhama uzalishaji wa nyama kwa viwanda,

I wanted to believe that this clarion call was going to make a difference.

nilitaka kuamini kuwa wito huu ulikuwa unaenda kuleta mabadiliko.

The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades.

Jambo ni kuwa nimeona hili mara kwa mara kwa miongo.

Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature,"

Hii hapa 2018 kutoka kwa jarida "Nature,"

2017 from "Bioscience Journal,"

2017 kutoka "Bioscience Journal,"

2016 from the National Academy of Sciences.

2016 kutoka Chuo cha Taifa cha Sayansi.

The main point of these studies tends to be climate change.

Lengo kuu la utafiti hizi huwa ni mabadiliko ya hewa.

But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat.

Lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu ni tishio kubwa.

We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals.

Tunawapa mifugo vipimo kubwa vya viuavijasumu.

These antibiotics are then mutating into superbugs

Viuavijasumu kisha hubadilika na kuwa wadudu wenye nguvu

that threaten to render antibiotics obsolete

wanaotishia kufanya kiuavijasumu kuwa bila kazi

within all of our lifetimes.

katika maisha yetu.

You want a scare?

Unataka kitisho?

Google: "the end of working antibiotics."

Tafuta: "mwisho wa kazi wa kiuavijasumu."

I'm going to get one thing out of the way:

Naenda kuweka bayana jambo moja:

I am not here to tell anybody what to eat.

Siko hapa kueleza mtu anachopaswa kula.

Individual action is great,

Hatua ya kibinafsi ni sawa,

but antibiotic resistance and climate change --

lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu na mabadiliko ya hewa --

they require more.

yanahitaji zaidi.

Besides, convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked.

Kando na hayo, kusadikisha ulimwengu kupunguza kula nyama haijafaulu.

For 50 years, environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists

Kwa miaka 50, wanaharakati wa mazingira, wataalamu wa afya wa duniani

have been begging the public to eat less meat.

na wanaharakati wa wanyama, wamesihi umma kula nyama kiasi.

And yet, per capita meat consumption

Na bado, wastani wa ulaji nyama

is as high as it's been in recorded history.

umekuwa juu kihistoria.

The average North American last year ate more than 200 pounds of meat.

Mkazi wastani wa Amerika Kaskazini alikula pauni 200 ya nyama mwaka jana.

And I didn't eat any.

Na sikula ata.

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

Which means somebody out there ate 400 pounds of meat.

Inamaanisha kuna mtu huko nje alikula pauni 400 ya nyama.

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

On our current trajectory,

Kwa njia tunayoelekea,

we're going to need to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.

tunaenda kuhitaji kuzalisha asilimia 70 hadi 100 zaidi ya nyama ifikapo 2050.

This requires a global solution.

Hili linahitaji suluhisho la duniani pote.

What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that people love,

Tunachohitaji ni kuzalisha nyama ambayo watu watapenda,

but we need to produce it in a whole new way.

lakini tuizalishe kwa njia mpya.

I've got a couple of ideas.

Nina mawazo kadhaa.

Idea number one: let's grow meat from plants.

Wazo la kwanza: tukuze nyama kutoka kwa mimea.

Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals,

Badala ya kukuza mimea, kuyalisha kwa wanyama,

and all of that inefficiency,

na hayo yote yasiyofaa,

let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them,

tukuze mimea hiyo, tuikuze na nyama,

let's make plant-based meat.

tuifanye iwe na nyama.

Idea number two: for actual animal meat,

Wazo la pili: kwa nyama halisi ya wanyama,

let's grow it directly from cells.

tuikuze kwa chembe moja kwa moja.

Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cells directly.

Badala ya kukuza wanyama waliohai, tukuze chembe moja kwa moja,

It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight.

Inachukua wiki sita kulea kuku afike kimo cha kuchinjwa.

Grow the cells directly, you can get that same growth

Kuza chembe moja kwa moja, na utapata matokea sawia

in six days.

kwa siku sita.

This is what that looks like at scale.

Hivi ndivyo itakuwa katika skeli.

It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.

Ni ujirani wa kirafiki wa kiwanda cha nyama.

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

I want to make two points about this.

Nitataja mambo mawili kuhusu hili.

The first one is, we believe we can do it.

Jambo la kwanza, tunasadiki tunaweza.

In recent years, some companies have been producing meat from plants

Miaka iliyopita, makampuni mengine yamekuwa yakikuza nyama kutoka kwa mimea

that consumers cannot distinguish from actual animal meat,

na walaji hawawezi tofautisha na nyama halisi,

and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meat

na sasa kuna makampuni mbalimbali yanayokuza nyama halisi ya wanyama

directly from cells.

moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe.

This plant-based and cell-based meat

Nyama hii ya mimea na ya chembe

gives consumers everything that they love about meat --

inawapa walaji vyote wanavyopenda kuhusu nyama --

the taste, the texture and so on --

ladha, umbile na kadhalika --

but with no need for antibiotics

lakini bila hitaji ya viuavijasumu

and with a fraction of the adverse impact on the climate.

na sehemu ya madhara kwa hali ya hewa.

And because these two technologies are so much more efficient,

Na kwa sababu teknolojia hizi mbili ni bora zaidi,

at production scale

kwa ukuzaji

these products will be cheaper.

bidhaa hizi zitakuwa za bei ya chini.

But one quick point about that --

Jambo moja kuhusu hilo --

it's not going to be easy.

haitakuwa rahisi.

These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes on their burgers,

Makampuni haya yanayotumia mimea yametumia misandali kidogo kwa baga zao,

and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all.

na chembe ya nyama bado haijazinduliwa kibiashara.

So we're going to need all hands on deck

Kwa hivyo tutahitaji ushirikiano wa wote

to make these the global meat industry.

ili kufanya hili liwe kiwanda cha nyama duniani.

For starters, we need the present meat industry.

Mwanzo, tunahiaji sekta ya nyama ya sasa.

We don't want to disrupt the meat industry,

Hatutaki kuvuruga sekta ya nyama,

we want to transform it.

tunataka kuibadilisha.

We need their economies of scale,

Tunahitaji dhana yake ya uchumi,

their global supply chain, their marketing expertise

msururu wake wa ugavi, utaalam wake wa uuzaji

and their massive consumer base.

na wateja wake.

We also need governments.

Tunahitaji pia serikali.

Governments spend tens of billions of dollars every single year

Serikali hutumia mabilioni ya madola kila mwaka

on research and development

kwa utafiti na maendeleo

focused on global health and the environment.

unaozingatia afya duniani na mazingira.

They should be putting some of that money into optimizing and perfecting

Yanafaa kuwekeza sehemu ya fedha hizo katika sadifisha na kuboresha

the production of plant-based and cell-based meat.

uzalishaji wa mimea na nyama iliyokuzwa na chembe ya mimea.

Look, tens of thousands of people died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs

Tazama, kumi ya maelfu ya watu walikufa kutoka kwa usugu wa viuavijasumu

in North America just last year.

Amerika Kaskazini mwaka jana.

By 2050, that number is going to be 10 million per year globally.

Ifikapo 2050, tarakimu hiyo itakuwa milioni 10 kwa mwaka duniani.

And climate change represents an existential threat

Mabadiliko ya hewa pia ni athari iliyopo

to huge portions of our global family,

kwa sehemu kubwa ya familia yetu duniani,

including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.

wakiwemo watu maskini zaidi hapa duniani.

Climate change, antibiotic resistance -- these are global emergencies.

Mabadiliko ya hewa, kinga ya viuavijasumu-- hizi ni dharura duniani.

Meat production is exacerbating these emergencies on a global scale.

Uzalishaji wa nyama unazidi dharura hizi kwa kipimo duniani.

But we are not going to decrease meat consumption

Lakini hatuendi kupunduza ulaji nyama

unless we give consumers alternatives

hadi tuwape walaji bidhaa mbadala

that cost the same or less and that taste the same or better.

zitakazo gharimu sawa au chini na ladha iwe sawia au bora.

We have the solution.

Tuko na jawabu.

Let's make meat from plants. Let's grow it directly from cells.

Tutengeneze nyama kutoka kwa mimea. Tuikuze moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe.

It's past time that we mobilize the resources that are necessary

Tayari tumechelewa kutumia raslimali tulizonazo

to create the next global agricultural revolution.

kutengeneza mapinduzi ya kilimo mapya.

Thank you.

Asanteni.

(Applause)

(Makofi)