The next global agricultural revolution | Bruce Friedrich

132,793 views ・ 2019-06-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hwihyeon Gil κ²€ν† : Young You
00:13
In 2019, humanity received a warning:
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2019λ…„, 인λ₯˜λŠ” κ²½κ³ λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
30 of the world's leading scientists released the results
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세계적인 κ³Όν•™μž 30λͺ…이
00:20
of a massive three-year study into global agriculture
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ꡭ제 농업에 λŒ€ν•œ 3λ…„κ°„μ˜ λŒ€λŒ€μ μΈ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해
00:23
and declared that meat production is destroying our planet
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윑λ₯˜ 생산이 지ꡬλ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³  있으며
00:27
and jeopardizing global health.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μΈμ˜ 건강을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
One of the study's authors explained
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ν•΄λ‹Ή μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ €μž 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…은
00:31
that "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ...
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"인λ₯˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ•ˆλ…•μ— μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ 되고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:35
[This requires] nothing less than a new global agricultural revolution."
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무엇보닀도 μ „ 세계적인 농업 ν˜μ‹ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€."라고 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
As somebody who's spent the last two decades
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„κ°„ 곡μž₯식 μΆ•μ‚°μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
00:43
advocating a shift away from industrial meat production,
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ§€μ§€ν•΄μ˜¨ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
00:46
I wanted to believe that this clarion call was going to make a difference.
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이런 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ 영ν–₯을 쀄 것이라고 λ―Ώκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades.
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사싀, 이런 μ‹μ˜ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„μ§Έ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature,"
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이것은 2018λ…„ 'λ„€μ΄μ²˜'지에 μ‹€λ¦° λ‚΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
2017 from "Bioscience Journal,"
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2017λ…„ '생λͺ…곡학 저널'μ΄κ³ μš”.
01:02
2016 from the National Academy of Sciences.
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2016λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­κ΅­λ¦½κ³Όν•™μ•„μΉ΄λ°λ―Έμ˜ λ°œν‘œ λ‚΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
The main point of these studies tends to be climate change.
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이 μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ 핡심은 주둜 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•­μƒμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 내성도 그에 λͺ»μ§€μ•Šμ€ 큰 μœ„ν˜‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 농μž₯의 λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό νˆ¬μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
These antibiotics are then mutating into superbugs
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이 ν•­μƒμ œλ“€μ€ 이미 내성을 가진 'μŠˆνΌλ²„κ·Έ'둜 λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
that threaten to render antibiotics obsolete
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 기쑴의 ν•­μƒμ œλŠ” 평생 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 없도둝 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬μ£ .
01:25
within all of our lifetimes.
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01:27
You want a scare?
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더 λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κΉŒμš”?
01:29
Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
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"ν•­μƒμ œμ˜ 쒅말"이라고 ꡬ글에 κ²€μƒ‰ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:32
I'm going to get one thing out of the way:
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ν•œ 가지 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•˜μžλ©΄
01:34
I am not here to tell anybody what to eat.
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μ €λŠ” 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Individual action is great,
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κ°œλ³„μ μΈ ν™˜κ²½ 보호 μ›€μ§μž„μ€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
but antibiotic resistance and climate change --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•­μƒμ œ λ‚΄μ„±κ³Ό κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 막기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
01:42
they require more.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Besides, convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 덜 먹으라고 μ„€λ“ν•˜λŠ” 건 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
For 50 years, environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists
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μ§€λ‚œ 50λ…„κ°„ ν™˜κ²½ ν•™μžμ™€
μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 건강 μ „λ¬Έκ°€, 동물 보호 μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ΄
01:53
have been begging the public to eat less meat.
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κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 덜 먹으라고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν˜Έμ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And yet, per capita meat consumption
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 1인당 윑λ₯˜ μ†ŒλΉ„λŸ‰μ€
01:59
is as high as it's been in recorded history.
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역사상 κ°€μž₯ 높은 수치λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
The average North American last year ate more than 200 pounds of meat.
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일반적인 뢁미 μ‚¬λžŒ 1λͺ…은 μž‘λ…„μ— 200νŒŒμš΄λ“œ μ΄μƒμ˜ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
And I didn't eat any.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ „ν˜€ 먹지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:10
Which means somebody out there ate 400 pounds of meat.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ €κΈ° λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λŠ” 400νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이겠죠.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:15
On our current trajectory,
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ν˜„μž¬ μΆ”μ„Έλ₯Ό 보면
02:17
we're going to need to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.
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2050λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 70~100% 더 λ§Žμ€ 윑λ₯˜ 생산이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
This requires a global solution.
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이λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ „ 세계적인 해결책이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that people love,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Όν•  일은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λ˜
02:29
but we need to produce it in a whole new way.
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κΈ°μ‘΄κ³ΌλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
I've got a couple of ideas.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ λͺ‡ 가지 아이디어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
Idea number one: let's grow meat from plants.
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아이디어 ν•˜λ‚˜: μ‹λ¬Όμ—μ„œ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals,
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식물을 μž¬λ°°ν•˜κ³  κ·Έκ±Έ λ‹€μ‹œ λ™λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ λ¨Ήμ΄λŠ”
02:40
and all of that inefficiency,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  λΉ„νš¨μœ¨ κ³Όμ • λŒ€μ‹ 
02:41
let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them,
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식물을 μž¬λ°°ν•˜κ³  이 식물을 생체λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜μ—¬
02:44
let's make plant-based meat.
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식물을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
Idea number two: for actual animal meat,
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아이디어 λ‘˜: μ‹€μ œ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό
02:49
let's grow it directly from cells.
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세포λ₯Ό λ°°μ–‘ν•΄ 직접 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cells directly.
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 동물을 μ‚¬μœ‘ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  κ·Έ 세포λ₯Ό 직접 λ°°μ–‘ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:55
It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight.
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닭이 도좕할 λ§Œν•œ λ¬΄κ²Œκ°€ λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 6μ£Όκ°€ κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Grow the cells directly, you can get that same growth
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 세포λ₯Ό λ°°μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ 되면 같은 μ–‘μ˜ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό
03:01
in six days.
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6일이면 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
This is what that looks like at scale.
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전체적인 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보면 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 읡히 μ•„μ‹œλŠ” 동넀 κ³ κΈ° μ–‘μ‘°μž₯이죠.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:12
I want to make two points about this.
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두 가지 포인트λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
The first one is, we believe we can do it.
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μš°μ„ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
In recent years, some companies have been producing meat from plants
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졜근 λͺ‡ λ…„ μƒˆ, μ–΄λ–€ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 고기와
03:20
that consumers cannot distinguish from actual animal meat,
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κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 식물성 κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meat
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그리고 이제 μˆ˜μ‹­ 개의 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œ 동물성 κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 직접
03:28
directly from cells.
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μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λ°°μ–‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
This plant-based and cell-based meat
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 식물 기반과 세포 기반의 윑λ₯˜λŠ”
03:32
gives consumers everything that they love about meat --
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고기의 맛, 질감 λ“± μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 지점을
03:35
the taste, the texture and so on --
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λͺ¨λ‘ μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œμΌœ μ£Όλ©΄μ„œλ„
03:37
but with no need for antibiotics
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ν•­μƒμ œλ„ ν•„μš” μ—†κ³ 
03:39
and with a fraction of the adverse impact on the climate.
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기후에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 뢀정적인 영ν–₯도 일뢀에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
And because these two technologies are so much more efficient,
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이 두 가지 기술이 생산에 훨씬 효율적이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:46
at production scale
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이 μ œν’ˆλ“€μ€ λ”μš± μ €λ ΄ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
these products will be cheaper.
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03:50
But one quick point about that --
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λ‹€λ§Œ ν•˜λ‚˜ 짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μžλ©΄
03:52
it's not going to be easy.
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이 과정이 μ‰½μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes on their burgers,
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이런 식물 기반의 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ 버거 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데에 μ“Έ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄ 적고
03:58
and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all.
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μ„Έν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ³ κΈ°λŠ” 아직 μƒμ—…ν™”λ˜κΈ° μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
So we're going to need all hands on deck
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 이런 윑λ₯˜ 산업을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λ €λ©΄
04:04
to make these the global meat industry.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ νž˜μ„ λͺ¨μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
For starters, we need the present meat industry.
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μš°μ„ , μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² μ§€κΈˆμ˜ 좕산업이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
We don't want to disrupt the meat industry,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 좕산업을 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:13
we want to transform it.
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λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ €λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
We need their economies of scale,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² ν˜„ μΆ•μ‚°μ—… 규λͺ¨μ˜ κ²½μ œμ™€
04:17
their global supply chain, their marketing expertise
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μΆ•μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ „ 세계적 곡급망 및 μ „λ¬Έ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… 기술
04:20
and their massive consumer base.
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그리고 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ†ŒλΉ„ μ‹œμž₯이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
We also need governments.
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 정뢀도 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Governments spend tens of billions of dollars every single year
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” 맀년 λͺ‡λ°±μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό
04:28
on research and development
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 건강과 ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ
04:30
focused on global health and the environment.
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연ꡬ와 κ°œλ°œμ— μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
They should be putting some of that money into optimizing and perfecting
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” 이 쀑 μΌλΆ€μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ„
식물 및 세포 기반 윑λ₯˜ 생산 기술의 μ΅œμ ν™”μ™€
04:36
the production of plant-based and cell-based meat.
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ 생산을 μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μž…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Look, tens of thousands of people died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μž‘λ…„μ— λΆλ―Έμ—μ„œλ§Œ 수만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
ν•­μƒμ œ λ‚΄μ„± μŠˆνΌλ²„κ·Έλ‘œ 인해 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
in North America just last year.
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단지 μž‘λ…„μ—λ§Œμš”.
04:50
By 2050, that number is going to be 10 million per year globally.
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2050λ…„μ—λŠ” μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀년 1천만 λͺ…이 될 μ „λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
And climate change represents an existential threat
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
05:00
to huge portions of our global family,
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싀쑴적인 μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.
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이 쀑엔 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 있죠.
05:07
Climate change, antibiotic resistance -- these are global emergencies.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”, ν•­μƒμ œ λ‚΄μ„± - μ΄λŠ” ꡭ제적 비상 μ‚¬νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
Meat production is exacerbating these emergencies on a global scale.
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윑λ₯˜ 생산은 이런 비상 μ‚¬νƒœλ₯Ό 세계적인 규λͺ¨λ‘œ μ•…ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
But we are not going to decrease meat consumption
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 윑λ₯˜ μ†ŒλΉ„λŠ” 쀄어듀지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
unless we give consumers alternatives
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 기쑴의 고기와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
05:22
that cost the same or less and that taste the same or better.
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더 μ‹Έκ³  λ§›μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ 내놓기 μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ”μš”.
05:27
We have the solution.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 해결책이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Let's make meat from plants. Let's grow it directly from cells.
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μ‹λ¬Όλ‘œ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­μ‹œλ‹€.
μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ 직접 λ°°μ–‘ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
05:33
It's past time that we mobilize the resources that are necessary
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λ‹€μŒ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ „ 세계적 농업 ν˜μ‹ μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
05:37
to create the next global agricultural revolution.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ„ λ™μ›ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” 이미 λŠ¦μ€ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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