Robert Gupta: Between music and medicine

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Ranka Zarkovic Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

(Music)

(Muzika)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you very much. (Applause)

Hvala vam mnogo. (Aplauz)

Thank you. It's a distinct privilege to be here.

Hvala. Velika je privilegija naći se ovde.

A few weeks ago, I saw a video on YouTube

Pre par nedelja sam gledao na Jutjubu video

of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords

o kongresmenki Gabrieli Gifords

at the early stages of her recovery

u početnim fazama njenog oporavka

from one of those awful bullets.

od jednog od onih onih strašnih projektila.

This one entered her left hemisphere, and

Jedan je u ušao u njenu levu hemisferu mozga

knocked out her Broca's area, the speech center of her brain.

i uništio joj Brokin centar, centar za govor u mozgu.

And in this session, Gabby's working with a speech therapist,

U dotičnom tretmanu Gabi radi sa govornim terapeutom

and she's struggling to produce

i bori se da proizvede

some of the most basic words, and you can see her

neke od osnovnih reči i možete da primetite kako

growing more and more devastated, until she ultimately

joj je sve teže i teže, sve dok se na kraju

breaks down into sobbing tears, and she starts sobbing

potpuno ne slomi i počne da jeca

wordlessly into the arms of her therapist.

bez reči u naručju svog terapeuta.

And after a few moments, her therapist tries a new tack,

Nakon nekoliko trenutaka njen terapeut pokušava sa novom tehnikom

and they start singing together,

i počinju zajedno da pevaju

and Gabby starts to sing through her tears,

i Gabi počinje da peva kroz suze

and you can hear her clearly able to enunciate

i možete da čujete kako je u stanju da jasno izgovara

the words to a song that describe the way she feels,

reči pesme koja opisuje njene osećaje

and she sings, in one descending scale, she sings,

i ona peva, u silaznoj skali:

"Let it shine, let it shine, let it shine."

"Neka sija, neka sija, neka sija."

And it's a very powerful and poignant reminder of how

To je vrlo snažan i dirljiv podsetnik o tome kako

the beauty of music has the ability to speak

lepota muzike ima sposobnost da govori

where words fail, in this case literally speak.

tamo gde reči podbace, u ovom slučaju ona bukvalno progovori.

Seeing this video of Gabby Giffords reminded me

Gledanje ovog snimka Gabi Gifords me podsetilo

of the work of Dr. Gottfried Schlaug,

na rad doktora Gotfrida Šlauga,

one of the preeminent neuroscientists studying music and the brain at Harvard,

jednog od istaknutih neurologa koji proučava muziku i mozak na Harvardu,

and Schlaug is a proponent of a therapy called

Šlaug je pobornik terapije nazvane

Melodic Intonation Therapy, which has become very popular in music therapy now.

melodijsko-intonacijska terapija, koja je sada postala vrlo popularna u muzikoterapiji.

Schlaug found that his stroke victims who were aphasic,

Šlaug je otkrio da osobe pogođene moždanim udarom i zahvaćene afazijom,

could not form sentences of three- or four-word sentences,

koje nisu bile sposobne da formiraju rečenice od tri ili četiri reči,

but they could still sing the lyrics to a song,

ipak i dalje mogle da pevaju reči pesme,

whether it was "Happy Birthday To You"

bilo da se radilo o "Srećan ti rođendan"

or their favorite song by the Eagles or the Rolling Stones.

ili o njihovoj omiljenoj pesmi Iglsa ili Roling Stonsa.

And after 70 hours of intensive singing lessons,

Nakon 70 sati intenzivnih časova pevanja,

he found that the music was able to literally rewire

otkrio je da je muzika bila u stanju da bukvalno ponovo promreži

the brains of his patients and create a homologous

mozgove njegovih pacijenata i da stvori odgovarajući

speech center in their right hemisphere

centar za govor u njihovoj desnoj hemisferi

to compensate for the left hemisphere's damage.

da bi nadoknadio oštećenje leve hemisfere.

When I was 17, I visited Dr. Schlaug's lab, and in one afternoon

Kao sedamnaestogodišnjak posećivao sam laboratoriju doktora Šlauga i jednog popodneva

he walked me through some of the leading research

me proveo kroz jedno od vodećih istraživanja

on music and the brain -- how musicians had

o muzici i mozgu - o tome kako su muzičari imali

fundamentally different brain structure than non-musicians,

iz temelja drugačiju strukturu mozga u odnosu na ne-muzičare,

how music, and listening to music,

kako muzika i slušanje muzike,

could just light up the entire brain, from

može jednostavno da osvetli ceo mozak,

our prefrontal cortex all the way back to our cerebellum,

od prednjeg mozga pa sve do malog mozga,

how music was becoming a neuropsychiatric modality

o tome kako muzika postaje neuropsihijatrijski metod

to help children with autism, to help people struggling

za pomoć autističnoj deci, za pomoć onima koji se bore

with stress and anxiety and depression,

protiv stresa, anksioznosti i depresije,

how deeply Parkinsonian patients would find that their tremor

kako se teško obolelim od parkinsonove bolesti primetno smirivalo podrhtavanje

and their gait would steady when they listened to music,

i hod postajao stabilniji kada bi slušali muziku

and how late-stage Alzheimer's patients, whose dementia

i kako bi oboleli od Alchajmerove bolesti, čija je senilna demencija

was so far progressed that they could no longer recognize

toliko uznapredovala da nisu više prepoznavali

their family, could still pick out a tune by Chopin

svoju porodicu, još uvek mogli prepoznati Šopenovu melodiju

at the piano that they had learned when they were children.

za klavir koju su naučili kada su bili deca.

But I had an ulterior motive of visiting Gottfried Schlaug,

Ali imao sam još jedan razlog za posetu Gotfridu Šlaugu,

and it was this: that I was at a crossroads in my life,

a to je: nalazio sam se na raskrsnici svog života,

trying to choose between music and medicine.

pokušavajući da izaberem između muzike i medicine.

I had just completed my undergraduate, and I was working

Upravo sam završio svoj redovni studij i radio sam

as a research assistant at the lab of Dennis Selkoe,

kao asistent u laboratoriju Denisa Selkoa,

studying Parkinson's disease at Harvard, and I had fallen

proučavao sam Parkinsonovu bolest na Harvardu i zaljubio sam se

in love with neuroscience. I wanted to become a surgeon.

u neurologiju. Želeo sam da postanem hirurg.

I wanted to become a doctor like Paul Farmer or Rick Hodes,

Hteo sam da postanem doktor poput Pola Farmera ili Rika Hodsa,

these kind of fearless men who go into places like Haiti or Ethiopia

tih neustrašivih ljudi koji su odlazili na mesta kao Haiti ili Etiopija

and work with AIDS patients with multidrug-resistant

i radili sa obolelima od SIDE sa tuberkulozom višestruko otpornom

tuberculosis, or with children with disfiguring cancers.

na lekove ili sa decom koja su se raspadala od raka.

I wanted to become that kind of Red Cross doctor,

Hteo sam da postanem takav doktor Crvenog krsta,

that doctor without borders.

takav doktor bez granica.

On the other hand, I had played the violin my entire life.

Sa druge strane, svirao sam violinu celog svog života.

Music for me was more than a passion. It was obsession.

Muzika je za mene bila više od strasti. Bila je opsesija.

It was oxygen. I was lucky enough to have studied

Bila je kiseonik. Imao sam sreću da studiram

at the Juilliard School in Manhattan, and to have played

na Džulijardu na Menhetnu i da sviram

my debut with Zubin Mehta and the Israeli philharmonic orchestra in Tel Aviv,

svoj prvi koncert sa Zubinom Mehtom i Izraelskom filharmonijom u Tel Avivu

and it turned out that Gottfried Schlaug

i ispostavilo se da je Gotfrid Šlaug

had studied as an organist at the Vienna Conservatory,

studirao orgulje na Bečkom konzervatorijumu,

but had given up his love for music to pursue a career

ali je odustao od svoje ljubavi prema muzici da bi nastavio karijeru

in medicine. And that afternoon, I had to ask him,

u medicini. Tog poslepodneva sam morao da ga pitam:

"How was it for you making that decision?"

"Kako ti je bilo kod donošenja te odluke?"

And he said that there were still times when he wished

Odgovorio je da i dalje ponekad zaželi da

he could go back and play the organ the way he used to,

svira orgulje kao što je to nekada radio

and that for me, medical school could wait,

i da u mom slučaju škola medicine može da čeka,

but that the violin simply would not.

a da violina to jednostavno ne može.

And after two more years of studying music, I decided

Posle još dve godine muzičkog usavršavanja, odlučio sam

to shoot for the impossible before taking the MCAT

da pokušam nemoguće pre nego što se pojavim na prijemnom ispitu za medicinu

and applying to medical school like a good Indian son

i upišem se na fakultet kao poslušan indijski sin

to become the next Dr. Gupta. (Laughter)

kako bih postao novi dr Gupta. (Smeh)

And I decided to shoot for the impossible and I took

Tako sam odlučio da pokušam nemoguće i pojavio sam se

an audition for the esteemed Los Angeles Philharmonic.

na audiciji za cenjenu Los Anđelosku filharmoniju.

It was my first audition, and after three days of playing

To je bila moja prva audicija i nakon tri dana sviranja,

behind a screen in a trial week, I was offered the position.

probne nedelje iza scene, ponudili su mi mesto.

And it was a dream. It was a wild dream to perform

A to je bio san. Bio je neverovatan san biti član

in an orchestra, to perform in the iconic Walt Disney Concert Hall

orkestra i svirati u kultnoj Koncertnoj sali Volta Diznija,

in an orchestra conducted now by the famous Gustavo Dudamel,

u orkestru kojim sada diriguje poznati Gustavo Dudamel,

but much more importantly to me to be surrounded

ali za mene je bilo još daleko važnije to što sam bio okružen

by musicians and mentors that became my new family,

muzičarima i mentorima koji su postali moja nova porodica,

my new musical home.

moj novi muzički dom.

But a year later, I met another musician who had also

Ali godinu dana kasnije, sreo sam još jednog muzičara koji je takođe

studied at Juilliard, one who profoundly helped me

studirao na Džulijardu, koji mi je posebno pomogao

find my voice and shaped my identity as a musician.

da pronađem svoj način izražavanja i oblikujem svoj muzički identitet.

Nathaniel Ayers was a double bassist at Juilliard, but

Natanijel Ajers je bio kontrabasista na Džulijardu, ali je kao

he suffered a series of psychotic episodes in his early 20s,

dvadesetogodišnjak imao seriju psihotičnih epizoda,

was treated with thorazine at Bellevue,

lečen je hloropromazinom u Belvjuu

and ended up living homeless on the streets of Skid Row

i 30 godina kasnije je završio kao beskućnik na ulicama Skid Roa

in downtown Los Angeles 30 years later.

u centralnom Los Anđelesu.

Nathaniel's story has become a beacon for homelessness

Natanijelova sudbina je bacila novo svetlo na beskućništvo

and mental health advocacy throughout the United States,

i na prevenciju mentalnog zdravlja u Sjedinjenim Državama,

as told through the book and the movie "The Soloist,"

kao što je prikazano u knjizi i u filmu "Solista",

but I became his friend, and I became his violin teacher,

ali ja sam postao njegov prijatelj i postao sam njegov učitelj violine

and I told him that wherever he had his violin,

i rekao sam mu da gde god bude imao svoju violinu

and wherever I had mine, I would play a lesson with him.

i gde god ja budem imao svoju, da ćemo održati naš čas.

And on the many times I saw Nathaniel on Skid Row,

U mnogim trenucima u kojima sam video Natanijela na Skid Rou,

I witnessed how music was able to bring him back

video sam kako je muzika mogla da ga povrati

from his very darkest moments, from what seemed to me

iz njegovih najcrnjih trenutaka, iz onoga što je meni

in my untrained eye to be

i mom neuvežbanom oku izgledalo

the beginnings of a schizophrenic episode.

kao početak šizofrenične epizode.

Playing for Nathaniel, the music took on a deeper meaning,

Svirati za Natanijela, muzika je dobila dublje značenje

because now it was about communication,

jer se tu radilo o komunikaciji,

a communication where words failed, a communication

komunikaciji tamo gde su reči zakazale, komunikaciji

of a message that went deeper than words, that registered

poruke koja treba da prodre dublje od reči, koja je upisana

at a fundamentally primal level in Nathaniel's psyche,

u osnovnom nagonskom nivou Natanijelove psihe

yet came as a true musical offering from me.

i koja dolazi kao istinski muzički poklon od mene.

I found myself growing outraged that someone

Postajao sam sve ogorčeniji zato što neko

like Nathaniel could have ever been homeless on Skid Row

poput Natanijela može da završi kao beskućnik na Skid Rou

because of his mental illness, yet how many tens of thousands

zbog svoje mentalne bolesti i koliko ima još desetina hiljada

of others there were out there on Skid Row alone

drugih koji su sami tamo na Skid Rou, sa podjednako

who had stories as tragic as his, but were never going to have a book or a movie

tragičnom sudbinom, ali za razliku od njega nikad neće imati knjigu ili film

made about them that got them off the streets?

o sebi koji bi ih mogli skloniti sa ulice?

And at the very core of this crisis of mine, I felt somehow

U samoj srži te svoje krize, osetio sam kako

the life of music had chosen me, where somehow,

je muzički život izabrao mene i nekako,

perhaps possibly in a very naive sense, I felt what Skid Row

možda verovatno u vrlo naivnom smislu, osetio sam da je Skid Rou

really needed was somebody like Paul Farmer

zaista potreban neko poput Paula Farmera

and not another classical musician playing on Bunker Hill.

i ne još jedan klasični muzičar koji svira na Bunker Hilu.

But in the end, it was Nathaniel who showed me

Na kraju, Natanijel je bio taj koji mi je pokazao

that if I was truly passionate about change,

da ako sam zaista posvećen tome da nešto promenim,

if I wanted to make a difference, I already had the perfect instrument to do it,

ako sam zaista hteo da napravim razliku, već sam imao savršen instrument za to,

that music was the bridge that connected my world and his.

muzika je bila most koji je povezao moj svet sa njegovim.

There's a beautiful quote

Postoji lep citat

by the Romantic German composer Robert Schumann,

romantičarskog nemačkog kompozitora Roberta Šumana,

who said, "To send light into the darkness of men's hearts,

koji je rekao: "Poslati zrak svetlosti u tamu ljudskih srdaca,

such is the duty of the artist."

eto to je dužnost umetnika."

And this is a particularly poignant quote

To je posebno dirljiv citat

because Schumann himself suffered from schizophrenia

jer je i sam Šuman patio od šizofrenije

and died in asylum.

i umro u utočištu.

And inspired by what I learned from Nathaniel,

Inspirisan onim što sam naučio od Natanijela,

I started an organization on Skid Row of musicians

osnovao sam organizaciju muzičara na Skid Rou

called Street Symphony, bringing the light of music

nazvanu Ulična simfonija, koja donosi svetlost muzike

into the very darkest places, performing

u najmračnija mesta, koja svira

for the homeless and mentally ill at shelters and clinics

za beskućnike i mentalno bolesne u prihvatilištima i klinikama

on Skid Row, performing for combat veterans

na Skid Rou, koja svira za ratne veterane

with post-traumatic stress disorder, and for the incarcerated

sa post-traumatskim stresnim poremećajima i za zatvorenike

and those labeled as criminally insane.

i one koji su označeni kao kriminalno ludi.

After one of our events at the Patton State Hospital

Posle jednog od naših koncerata u Državnoj bolnici Paton

in San Bernardino, a woman walked up to us

u San Bernardinu, jedna žena nam je prišla

and she had tears streaming down her face,

i suze su joj tekle niz lice,

and she had a palsy, she was shaking,

a imala je paralizu, tresla se,

and she had this gorgeous smile, and she said

ali je imala i taj predivan osmeh i rekla je

that she had never heard classical music before,

da nikad ranije nije čula klasičnu muziku,

she didn't think she was going to like it, she had never

nije ni pomišljala da bi joj se svidela, nije nikada ranije

heard a violin before, but that hearing this music was like hearing the sunshine,

čula zvuk violine i slušanje ove muzike je bilo poput slušanja sunčeve svetlosti,

and that nobody ever came to visit them, and that for the first time in six years,

nikada niko nije došao da ih poseti, i da je, prvi put u šest godina,

when she heard us play, she stopped shaking without medication.

kada je čula naše sviranje, prestala da se trese bez pomoći lekova.

Suddenly, what we're finding with these concerts,

Iznenada, ono što smo otkrili uz ove koncerte,

away from the stage, away from the footlights, out

daleko od bine, daleko od svetlosti pozornice, daleko

of the tuxedo tails, the musicians become the conduit

od smokinga, je da su muzičari postali sredstvo

for delivering the tremendous therapeutic benefits

za davanje neverovatnih terapeutskih koristi koje muzika

of music on the brain to an audience that would never

daje mozgu publike koja nikada ne bi imala priliku

have access to this room,

da uđe u ovu sobu,

would never have access to the kind of music that we make.

nikada ne bi imala pristup toj vrsti muzike koju mi sviramo.

Just as medicine serves to heal more

Kao što medicina služi da bi lečila više

than the building blocks of the body alone,

od sastavnih delova samog tela,

the power and beauty of music transcends the "E"

snaga i lepota muzike nadilazi "E"

in the middle of our beloved acronym.

u sredini našeg voljenog akronima.

Music transcends the aesthetic beauty alone.

Muzika nadilazi samu estetsku lepotu.

The synchrony of emotions that we experience when we

Sinhronizacija emocija koju doživljavamo kada

hear an opera by Wagner, or a symphony by Brahms,

slušamo Vagnerovu operu ili Bramsovu simfoniju

or chamber music by Beethoven, compels us to remember

ili Betovenovu kamernu muziku, prisiljava nas da se setimo

our shared, common humanity, the deeply communal

naše zajedničke ljudskosti koju delimo, duboko javno

connected consciousness, the empathic consciousness

povezane svesti, empatične svesti

that neuropsychiatrist Iain McGilchrist says is hard-wired

za koju je neuropsihijatar Ian MekGilkrist rekao da je jako prožičena

into our brain's right hemisphere.

u desnoj hemisferi našeg mozga.

And for those living in the most dehumanizing conditions

Za one koje žive u vrlo nehumanim uslovima

of mental illness within homelessness

mentalne bolesti unutar beskućništva

and incarceration, the music and the beauty of music

i zatvoreništva, muzika i lepota muzike

offers a chance for them to transcend the world around them,

pružaju priliku da nadiđu svet oko sebe

to remember that they still have the capacity to experience

i da se podsete da još uvek imaju sposobnost da dožive

something beautiful and that humanity has not forgotten them.

nešto predivno i da ih čovečanstvo nije zaboravilo.

And the spark of that beauty, the spark of that humanity

Iskra te lepote, iskra te ljudskosti

transforms into hope,

se pretvara u nadu

and we know, whether we choose the path of music

i znamo, bez obzira da li smo izabrali put muzike

or of medicine, that's the very first thing we must instill

ili medicine, upravo to je prva stvar koju moramo usaditi

within our communities, within our audiences,

unutar naše zajednice, unutar naše publike,

if we want to inspire healing from within.

ako želimo da potaknemo lečenje iznutra.

I'd like to end with a quote by John Keats,

Voleo bih da završim citatom Džona Kitsa,

the Romantic English poet,

romantičarskog engleskog pesnika,

a very famous quote that I'm sure all of you know.

poznatim citatom za koji sam uveren da ga svi vi poznajete.

Keats himself had also given up a career in medicine

Kits je takođe odustao od medicinske karijere

to pursue poetry, but he died when he was a year older than me.

da bi se bavio poezijom, ali je umro kada je imao godinu dana više od mene.

And Keats said, "Beauty is truth, and truth beauty.

Kits je rekao: "Lepota je istina, istina je lepota.

That is all ye know on Earth, and all ye need to know."

To je sve što znate na zemlji i sve što treba da znate."

(Music)

(Muzika)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)