Want kids to learn well? Feed them well | Sam Kass

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

Prevodilac: Mirjana Čutura Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I am a chef

Kuvar sam

and a food policy guy,

i bavim se pitanjima ishrane,

but I come from a whole family of teachers.

ali dolazim iz porodice nastavnika.

My sister is a special ed teacher in Chicago.

Moja sestra je nastavnica za decu sa posebnim potrebama u Čikagu.

My father just retired after 25 years teaching fifth grade.

Moj otac se nedavno penzionisao

nakon 25 godina rada kao nastavnik petog razreda.

My aunt and uncle were professors.

Moj ujak i ujna su bili profesori.

My cousins all teach.

Svi moji bliski rođaci su nastavnici.

Everybody in my family, basically, teaches except for me.

Svi u mojoj porodici su, u stvari, nastavnici osim mene.

They taught me that the only way to get the right answers

Naučili su me da je jedini način da se dođe do pravih odgovora

is to ask the right questions.

postavljanje pravih pitanja.

So what are the right questions

Koja su prava pitanja

when it comes to improving the educational outcomes for our children?

kada se govori o poboljšanju rezultata obrazovanja naše dece?

There's obviously many important questions,

Očigledno je da postoje mnoga važna pitanja,

but I think the following is a good place to start:

ali ja mislim da je ovo dobro pitanje za početak -

What do we think the connection is

po našem mišljenju, koja je veza

between a child's growing mind

između dečijeg mozga u razvoju

and their growing body?

i njegovog tela u razvoju?

What can we expect our kids to learn

Šta možemo očekivati da će naša deca naučiti

if their diets are full of sugar and empty of nutrients?

ako je njihova ishrana puna šećera i beskorisnih materija?

What can they possibly learn

Šta uopšte mogu da nauče

if their bodies are literally going hungry?

ako njihova tela bukvalno gladuju?

And with all the resources that we are pouring into schools,

Uzimajući u obzir sva sredstva koja se ulažu u školstvo,

we should stop and ask ourselves:

trebalo bi da zastanemo i da se zapitamo -

Are we really setting our kids up for success?

da li zaista pripremamo našu decu za uspeh?

Now, a few years ago,

Vidite, pre nekoliko godina

I was a judge on a cooking competition called "Chopped."

bio sam sudija na kuvarskom takmičenju pod nazivom „Iseckan“.

Four chefs compete with mystery ingredients

Četiri kuvara se takmiče koristeći zagonetne sastojke

to see who can cook the best dishes.

da se vidi ko može da skuva najbolja jela.

Except for this episode -- it was a very special one.

Osim u ovoj epizodi; bila je posebna.

Instead of four overzealous chefs trying to break into the limelight --

Umesto četiri preambiciozna kuvara koji pokušavaju da se proslave -

something that I would know nothing about --

nešto o čemu ja ništa ne bih znao -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

these chefs were school chefs;

ovi kuvari su bili školski kuvari;

you know, the women that you used to call "lunch ladies,"

znate, one žene koje smo nazivali „tete iz kuhinje“,

but the ones I insist we call "school chefs."

ali one koje ja insistiram da zovemo školske kuvarice.

Now, these women -- God bless these women --

Vidite, ove žene - Bog ih blagoslovio -

spend their day cooking for thousands of kids,

provode svoj dan kuvajući doručak i ručak

breakfast and lunch, with only $2.68 per lunch,

za hiljade dece za samo 2,68 dolara po ručku,

with only about a dollar of that actually going to the food.

od čega se samo oko jedan dolar zaista troši na hranu.

In this episode,

U ovoj epizodi

the main-course mystery ingredient was quinoa.

zagonetni sastojak za glavno jelo je bila kinoa.

Now, I know it's been a long time

Znam da je prošlo puno vremena od kada je većina vas jela ručak u školi,

since most of you have had a school lunch,

and we've made a lot of progress on nutrition,

a i napravili smo veliki napredak u ishrani,

but quinoa still is not a staple in most school cafeterias.

ali kinoa još uvek nije osnovna namirnica u većini školskih kuhinja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So this was a challenge.

Stoga je ovo bio izazov.

But the dish that I will never forget was cooked by a woman

Međutim, jelo koje nikada neću zaboraviti je pripremila žena

named Cheryl Barbara.

po imenu Šeril Barbara.

Cheryl was the nutrition director

Šeril je bila direktor ishrane

at High School in the Community in Connecticut.

u školi „Srednja škola u našoj zajednici“ u Konektikatu.

Skuvala je izvrsno jelo sa testom.

She cooked this delicious pasta.

It was amazing.

Bilo je zapanjujuće.

It was a pappardelle with Italian sausage,

Jelo sa širokim rezancima, italijanskom kobasicom,

kale, Parmesan cheese.

keljom i parmezanom.

It was delicious, like, restaurant-quality good, except --

Bilo je slasno i u rangu jela iz restorana,

she basically just threw the quinoa, pretty much uncooked,

osim što je jednostavno samo ubacila skoro skroz presna zrna kinoe u jelo.

into the dish.

It was a strange choice,

Bila je to neobična odluka

and it was super crunchy.

i jelo je bilo veoma hrskavo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So I took on the TV accusatory judge thing that you're supposed to do,

Stoga sam se stavio u ulogu TV sudije koji optužuje, a što se od mene očekivalo,

and I asked her why she did that.

i pitao sam je zašto je to uradila.

Cheryl responded, "Well, first, I don't know what quinoa is."

Šeril je odgovorila: „Kao prvo, ne znam šta je kinoa.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"But I do know that it's a Monday,

„Međutim, znam da je ponedeljak

and that in my school, at High School in the Community,

i da u svojoj školi, 'Srednjoj školi u našoj zajednici',

I always cook pasta."

uvek kuvam jelo sa testom.“

See, Cheryl explained that for many of her kids,

Vidite, Šeril je objasnila da većina njene dece

there were no meals on the weekends.

nema hrane vikendom.

No meals on Saturday.

Nema hrane subotom.

No meals on Sunday, either.

Nema hrane ni nedeljom.

So she cooked pasta because she wanted to make sure

Šeril je kuvala jela sa testom jer je želela da bude sigurna

she cooked something she knew her children would eat.

da će skuvati nešto što je znala da će njena deca jesti.

Something that would stick to their ribs, she said.

Kako je rekla: „Nešto što će im se zalepiti za kosti.“

Something that would fill them up.

Nešto što će ih zasititi.

Cheryl talked about how, by the time Monday came,

Šeril je objasnila kako su do ponedeljka

her kids' hunger pangs were so intense

bolovi od gladi kod njene dece bili toliko jaki

that they couldn't even begin to think about learning.

da nisu mogli ni da pomisle na učenje.

Food was the only thing on their mind.

Hrana je bila jedina stvar o kojoj su razmišljali.

The only thing.

Jedina stvar.

And unfortunately, the stats -- they tell the same story.

Nažalost, statistički podaci govore isto.

So, let's put this into the context of a child.

Posmatrajmo ovo iz dečije perspektive.

And we're going to focus on

Obratićemo pažnju na najvažniji obrok u toku dana - doručak.

the most important meal of the day, breakfast.

Meet Allison.

Ovo je Alison.

She's 12 years old,

Ima dvanaest godina,

she's smart as a whip

veoma je bistra

and she wants to be a physicist when she grows up.

i želi da bude fizičar kada poraste.

If Allison goes to a school that serves a nutritious breakfast

Ako Alison pohađa školu

u kojoj se svoj deci poslužuje hranljiv doručak,

to all of their kids,

here's what's going to follow.

evo šta će uslediti.

Her chances of getting a nutritious meal,

Šanse da će dobiti hranljiv obrok

one with fruit and milk, one lower in sugar and salt,

sa voćem, mlekom i sa malo šećera i soli

dramatically increase.

se značajno uvećavaju.

Allison will have a lower rate of obesity than the average kid.

Alison će imati manje izgleda da bude gojazna nego prosečno dete.

She'll have to visit the nurse less.

Ređe će odlaziti kod lekara.

She'll have lower levels of anxiety and depression.

Imaće niže nivoe anksioznosti i depresije.

She'll have better behavior.

Bolje će se ponašati.

She'll have better attendance, and she'll show up on time more often.

Redovnije će pohađati školu i češće će dolaziti na vreme.

Why?

Zašto?

Well, because there's a good meal waiting for her at school.

Zato što je u školi čeka dobar obrok.

Overall, Allison is in much better health

Sve u svemu, Alison je zdravija

than the average school kid.

nego prosečni školarac.

So what about that kid

Šta je sa onim detetom

who doesn't have a nutritious breakfast waiting for him?

kojeg ne čeka hranljiv doručak?

Well, meet Tommy.

Ovo je Tomi.

He's also 12. He's a wonderful kid.

Takođe ima dvanaest godina. Divno je dete.

He wants to be a doctor.

Želi da bude doktor.

By the time Tommy is in kindergarten,

Pre nego što krene u zabavište

he's already underperforming in math.

već ima nezadovoljavajući uspeh u matematici.

By the time he's in third grade,

Pre trećeg razreda

he's got lower math and reading scores.

ima lošije ocene iz matematike i čitanja.

By the time he's 11,

Pre jedanaeste godine,

it's more likely that Tommy will have to have repeated a grade.

verovatnije je da je Tomi već morao da ponavlja jedan razred.

Research shows that kids who do not have consistent nourishment,

Istraživanja pokazuju da deca koja nemaju redovne obroke,

particularly at breakfast,

naročito ujutru,

have poor cognitive function overall.

načelno imaju loše kognitivne sposobnosti.

So how widespread is this problem?

Koliko je rasprostranjen ovaj problem?

Well, unfortunately, it's pervasive.

Nažalost, sveprisutan je.

Let me give you two stats

Daću vam dva podatka

that seem like they're on opposite ends of the issue,

koja deluju kao da su na suprotnim stranama ovog problema,

but are actually two sides of the same coin.

ali su, u stvari, dve strane istog novčića.

On the one hand,

Sa jedne strane,

one in six Americans are food insecure,

jedan u šest Amerikanaca nema dovoljno hrane,

including 16 million children -- almost 20 percent --

uključujući 16 miliona dece - skoro 20 posto -

are food insecure.

koja nemaju dovoljno hrane.

In this city alone, in New York City,

Samo u ovom gradu, Njujorku,

474,000 kids under the age of 18 face hunger every year.

474 000 maloletne dece se suočava sa glađu svake godine.

It's crazy.

To je sumanuto.

On the other hand,

Sa druge strane,

diet and nutrition is the number one cause of preventable death and disease

ishrana je ubedljivo najveći uzročnik smrtnosti i bolesti koje se mogu sprečiti

in this country, by far.

u ovoj zemlji.

And fully a third of the kids that we've been talking about tonight

Tačno trećina dece o kojoj pričamo večeras

are on track to have diabetes in their lifetime.

na putu je da dobije dijabetes nekada u životu.

Now, what's hard to put together but is true

Vidite, ono što je teško shvatiti, ali je istinito,

is that, many times, these are the same children.

je da su često ovo ista deca.

So they fill up on the unhealthy and cheap calories

Oni se najedu jeftine i nezdrave hrane

that surround them in their communities and that their families can afford.

koja ih okružuje u njihovim zajednicama, a koje njihove porodice mogu da priušte.

But then by the end of the month,

Međutim, pri kraju meseca

food stamps run out or hours get cut at work,

bonovi za hranu se potroše ili se radno vreme skrati,

and they don't have the money to cover the basic cost of food.

a oni nemaju dovoljno novca za osnovne namirnice.

But we should be able to solve this problem, right?

Mi bismo morali biti u mogućnosti da rešimo ovaj problem, zar ne?

We know what the answers are.

Znamo odgovore.

As part of my work at the White House, we instituted a program

Deo mog posla u Beloj kući je bio osnivanje programa

that for all schools that had 40 percent more low-income kids,

da bismo za sve škole koje imaju 40 ili više posto siromašne dece

we could serve breakfast and lunch to every kid in that school.

mogli da poslužimo doručak i ručak svakom detetu u toj školi.

For free.

Besplatno.

This program has been incredibly successful,

Ovaj program je neverovatno uspešan

because it helped us overcome a very difficult barrier

jer nam je pomogao da prevaziđemo jednu veoma tešku prepreku

when it came to getting kids a nutritious breakfast.

u obezbeđivanju hranljivog doručka za decu,

And that was the barrier of stigma.

a ta prepreka je bila stigma.

See, schools serve breakfast before school,

Škole pre nastave poslužuju doručak,

and it was only available for the poor kids.

ali on je bio dostupan samo siromašnoj deci.

So everybody knew who was poor and who needed government help.

Svako je znao ko je bio siromašan i kome je bila potrebna pomoć države.

Now, all kids, no matter how much or how little their parents make,

Sva deca su, bez obzira na to koliko puno ili malo njihovi roditelji zarađuju,

have a lot of pride.

veoma ponosna.

So what happened?

Šta se dogodilo?

Well, the schools that have implemented this program

Škole koje su usvojile ovaj program

saw an increase in math and reading scores by 17.5 percent.

imale su poboljšanje ocena iz matematike i čitanja od 17,5 posto.

17.5 percent.

Sedamnaest i po posto.

And research shows that when kids have a consistent, nutritious breakfast,

Istraživanja pokazuju

da, kada deca redovno imaju hranljiv doručak,

their chances of graduating increase by 20 percent.

šanse da završe školu se povećavaju za 20 posto.

20 percent.

Dvadeset posto.

When we give our kids the nourishment they need,

Kada našoj deci damo zdravu hranu koja im je potrebna,

we give them the chance to thrive,

dajemo im mogućnost da napreduju

both in the classroom and beyond.

u učionici i izvan nje.

Now, you don't have to trust me on this,

Možda meni ne verujete,

but you should talk to Donna Martin.

ali trebalo bi da popričate sa Donom Martin.

I love Donna Martin.

Volim Donu Martin.

Donna Martin is the school nutrition director at Burke County

Dona Martin je školski direktor ishrane u okrugu Berk

in Waynesboro, Georgia.

u Vejnsborou u Džordžiji.

Burke County is one of the poorest districts

Okrug Berk je jedan od najsiromašnijih okruga

in the fifth-poorest state in the country,

u petoj najsiromašnijoj državi u Americi,

and about 100 percent of Donna's students live at or below the poverty line.

a skoro svi Donini đaci žive na granici siromaštva ili ispod nje.

A few years ago,

Pre nekoliko godina

Donna decided to get out ahead of the new standards that were coming,

Dona je odlučila da preduhitri nove standarde koji su se očekivali

and overhaul her nutrition standards.

i da potpuno promeni svoje standarde o ishrani.

She improved and added fruit and vegetables and whole grains.

Popravila ih je i dodala voće, povrće i proizvode od celog zrna.

She served breakfast in the classroom to all of her kids.

Posluživala je doručak u učionici za svu decu.

And she implemented a dinner program.

Takođe je uvela večeru.

Why?

Zašto?

Well, many of her kids didn't have dinner when they went home.

Mnoga njena deca nisu imala večeru kod kuće.

So how did they respond?

Kako su deca reagovala?

Well, the kids loved the food.

Deca su obožavala hranu.

They loved the better nutrition,

Obožavali su bolju ishranu

and they loved not being hungry.

i obožavali su to što nisu bili gladni.

But Donna's biggest supporter came from an unexpected place.

Međutim, Donina najveća pristalica se pojavila sa neočekivanog mesta.

His name from Eric Parker,

Bio je to Erik Parker,

and he was the head football coach for the Burke County Bears.

glavni trener ragbi tima „Medvedi“ iz okruga Berk.

Now, Coach Parker had coached mediocre teams for years.

Vidite, trener Parker je godinama trenirao osrednje timove.

The Bears often ended in the middle of the pack --

„Medvedi“ su često završavali na sredini tabele,

a big disappointment in one of the most passionate football states

što je bilo veliko razočarenje

u jednoj od država najzagriženijih za ragbi u Americi.

in the Union.

But the year Donna changed the menus,

Međutim, te godine kada je Dona promenila jelovnik

the Bears not only won their division,

„Medvedi“ ne samo da su osvojili svoju ligu,

they went on to win the state championship,

već su osvojili i državno prvenstvo

beating the Peach County Trojans

pobedivši „Trojance“ iz okruga Pič

28-14.

rezultatom 28 prema 14.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And Coach Parker,

Trener Parker

he credited that championship to Donna Martin.

je pripisao osvajanje tog prvenstva Doni Martin.

When we give our kids the basic nourishment,

Kada deci pružimo osnovnu zdravu ishranu,

they're going to thrive.

napredovaće.

And it's not just up to the Cheryl Barbaras

Ipak, ne zavisi to samo od ljudi

and the Donna Martins of the world.

kao što su Šeril Barbara i Dona Martin.

It's on all of us.

Zavisi od svih nas.

And feeding our kids the basic nutrition is just the starting point.

Pružati deci osnovnu zdravu hranu je tek početak.

What I've laid out is really a model

Ono što sam predstavio je zaista primer

for so many of the most pressing issues that we face.

za toliko mnogo neodložnih problema sa kojima se srećemo.

If we focus on the simple goal of properly nourishing ourselves,

Ako se skoncentrišemo na jednostavan cilj da se pravilno hranimo,

we could see a world that is more stable and secure;

mogli bismo videti svet koji je stabilniji i bezbedniji,

we could dramatically improve our economic productivity;

mogli bismo značajno poboljšati našu ekonomsku produktivnost,

we could transform our health care

mogli bismo transformisati našu zdravstvenu zaštitu

and we could go a long way

i mogli bismo mnogo postići

in ensuring that the Earth can provide for generations to come.

kako bi Zemlja mogla da pruži život za generacije koje dolaze.

Food is that place where our collective efforts

Ishrana je mesto na kom naši zajednički napori

can have the greatest impact.

mogu imati najveći uticaj.

So we have to ask ourselves: What is the right question?

Stoga se moramo upitati - šta je pravo pitanje?

What would happen

Šta bi se dogodilo

if we fed ourselves more nutritious, more sustainably grown food?

da jedemo hranu koja je hranljivija i proizvedena na samoodrživiji način?

What would be the impact?

Šta bismo time postigli?

Cheryl Barbara,

Mislim da Šeril Barbara,

Donna Martin,

Dona Martin,

Coach Parker and the Burke County Bears --

trener Parker i „Medvedi“ iz okruga Berk

I think they know the answer.

znaju odgovor.

Thank you guys so very much.

Hvala vam puno svima.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)